Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
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The prime minister of Northern Ireland was the head of the Government of Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972. No such office was provided for in the Government of Ireland Act 1920;[1] however, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,[2] as with governors-general in other Westminster systems such as in Canada, chose to appoint someone to head the executive even though no such post existed in statute law. The office-holder assumed the title prime minister to draw parallels with the prime minister of the United Kingdom. On the advice of the new prime minister, the lord lieutenant then created the Department of the Prime Minister.[3] The office of Prime Minister of Northern Ireland was suspended in 1972 and then abolished in 1973, along with the contemporary government, when direct rule of Northern Ireland was transferred to London.
The Government of Ireland Act provided for the appointment of the executive committee of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland by the governor.[4] No parliamentary vote was required. Nor, theoretically, was the executive committee and its prime minister responsible to the House of Commons of Northern Ireland. In reality the governor chose the leader of the party with a majority in the House to form a government. On each occasion this was the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party; such was the UUP's electoral dominance using both a simple plurality and for the first two elections, a proportional electoral system. All prime ministers of Northern Ireland were members of the Orange Order.[5]
The prime minister's residence from 1920 until 1922 was Cabin Hill, later to become the junior school for Campbell College. After 1922 Stormont Castle was used, though some prime ministers chose to live in Stormont House, the unused residence of the Speaker of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland.
The new offices of first minister and deputy first minister were created by the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. In contrast with the Westminster-style system of the earlier Stormont government, the new Northern Ireland Executive operates on the principles of consociational democracy.
In 1974, Brian Faulkner was chosen to lead the Northern Ireland Executive not as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland but as Chief Executive of Northern Ireland.
List of officeholders
| No. | Name (Birth–Death)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". ConstituencyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Portrait | Term of office | Elected (Parliament)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Ministry | Party | Last office(s) held before election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color;" rowspan=5| | 1. | Sir James Craig (created 1st Viscount Craigavon in 1927)[6] (1871–1940)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". MP for Down until 1929 MP for North Down from 1929Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
File:James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon.jpg | 7 June 1921 | 24 November 1940 | 1921 (1st) | Craigavon | Ulster Unionist Party | Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty (1920–1921) |
| 1925 (2nd) | |||||||||
| 1929 (3rd) | |||||||||
| 1933 (4th) | |||||||||
| 1938 (5th) | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | | 2. | John Miller Andrews (1871–1956)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". MP for Mid DownScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
File:John Millers Andrews (cropped).png | 27 November 1940 | 1 May 1943 | — (5th) | Andrews | Ulster Unionist Party | Minister of Finance (1937–1941) |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" rowspan=6| | 3. | Sir Basil Brooke (created The 1st Viscount Brookeborough in 1952)[7] (1888–1973)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". MP for LisnaskeaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
File:Sir Basil Brooke, 10 February 1941.png | 1 May 1943 | 26 March 1963 | — (5th) | Brookeborough | Ulster Unionist Party | Minister of Commerce (1941–1943) |
| 1945 (6th) | |||||||||
| 1949 (7th) | |||||||||
| 1953 (8th) | |||||||||
| 1958 (9th) | |||||||||
| 1962 (10th) | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color;" rowspan=3| | 4. | Terence O'Neill (1914–1990)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". MP for BannsideScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
File:Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. Captain Rt. Hon. Terence O'Neill 1966 (cropped).png | 25 March 1963 | 1 May 1969 | — (10th) | O'Neill | Ulster Unionist Party | Minister of Finance (1956–1963) |
| 1965 (11th) | |||||||||
| 1969 (12th) | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | | 5. | James Chichester-Clark (1923–2002)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". MP for South LondonderryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
File:James Chichester-Clark 1970.jpg | 1 May 1969 | 23 March 1971 | — (12th) | Chichester-Clark | Ulster Unionist Party | Minister of Agriculture (1967–1969) Leader of the House of Commons (1968–1969) |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | | 6. | Brian Faulkner (1921–1977)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". MP for East DownScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
File:Brian Faulkner, c. 1940s (cropped).jpg | 23 March 1971 | 30 March 1972 | — (12th) | Faulkner | Ulster Unionist Party | Minister of Development (1969–1971) |
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Parliamentary Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister
- 1921–1929 Algernon Skeffington, 12th Viscount Massereene
- 1929–1930 Maxwell Ward, 6th Viscount Bangor
- 1930–1941 Senator John Andrew Long
- 1941–1948 Sir Joseph Davison
- 1948–1960 Senator William Moore Wallis Clark
- 1960–1970 Senator Daniel McGladdery
- 1970–1972 Captain John Brooke, M.P.
Additional Parliamentary Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister
- 1969 Bob Simpson
Footnotes
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- ↑ Alan J. Ward, The Irish Constitutional Tradition, p.111.
- ↑ The new office of governor had not yet come into being because its creation required an amendment to the original Act. The lord lieutenant of Ireland had originally been granted the role and exercised the powers, functions and duties pending the creation of governor's post in 1922. Ward, p.116.
- ↑ Ward, p.116.
- ↑ Government of Ireland Act 1920, s. 8.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Viscount Craigavon from 1927
- ↑ Viscount Brookeborough from 1952
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Sources
- Alan J. Ward, The Irish Constitutional Tradition (Irish Academic Press, 1994)
- Government of Ireland Act, 1920
- The Government of Northern Ireland
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