List of political parties in Finland
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Sidebar". This article is a list of political parties in Finland, which includes Finland's national-level political parties and excludes local and provincial parties (such as the parties of Åland). A party is defined as a political association whose existence is recorded in the Ministry of Justice's party register.[1]
Finland has a multi-party system. Coalition governments which comprise a majority of seats in the Parliament of Finland are the norm. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the parties usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Finnish governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been grand coalitions comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.
Political parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmät) which usually vote with non-absolute party discipline.
Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units in the country, parties hold seats in the municipal councils, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups (independents).
Finnish law states that a political association which fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become a political party free of charge.[1] Among these conditions are:
- that the primary purpose of the association is to affect governmental affairs,
- that it has received at least 5,000 votes in any parliamentary, municipal, county, or European Parliament election,
- that the association's rules secure the following of democratic principles in its decision making and activities,
- and that it has a general program based on these rules which expresses the association's principles and goals regarding its actions in governmental affairs.
A registered party may nominate candidates in any national and local elections, and a party that is represented in parliament is entitled to a government subsidy relative to its number of seats. To qualify as a registered party, an association must have bylaws guaranteeing democratic internal organization and must be able to present 5,000 signatures from its supporters who are eligible to vote. A party that fails to win a single seat in two consecutive parliamentary elections is stricken from the register, but may apply again.
Parliamentary parties
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Extra-parliamentary parties
Registered
Those parties that have received neither a seat in the Parliament of Finland nor in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.
De-registered
The parties listed below have previously held the status of a registered party, but have been de-registered.
| Party | Ideology | Leader | Founded | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Kansalaisliitto Kansalaisliitto (Medborgarförbundet) |
Template:Party abbr | Direct democracy Economic democracy |
Päivi Järnfors | 1994 | [19][2][3][4] |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Pirate Party Piraattipuolue (Piratpartiet) |
Template:Party abbr | Pirate politics Social liberalism |
Marek Nečada | 2008 | [19][2][3][4] |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Feminist Party Feministinen puolue (Feministiska partiet) |
Template:Party abbr | Feminism | Lauri Alhojärvi | 2016 | [19][2][3][4] |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Communist Workers' Party Kommunistinen Työväenpuolue (Kommunistiska Arbetarpartiet) |
Template:Party abbr | Communism Marxism–Leninism |
Sanni Riihiaho | 1988 | [2][3][4] |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Change 2011 Muutos 2011 (Förändring 2011) |
Template:Party abbr | Direct democracy Populism |
2009 | [4][21] | |
Historical parties
Parliamentary historical parties
| Party | Founded | Dissolved | |
|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Finnish Party Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1863 | 1918 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Young Finnish Party Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1894 | 1918 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Christian Workers' Union of Finland Script error: No such module "Lang"., KTL Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1906 | 1922 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Template:Ill Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1917 | 1918 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Communist Party of Finland Script error: No such module "Lang"., SKP Script error: No such module "Lang"., FKP |
1918 | 1992 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | National Progressive Party Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1918 | 1951 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Liberal Swedish Party Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1919 | 1951 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Patriotic People's Movement Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1932 | 1944 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | People's Party Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1932 | 1936 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Finnish People's Democratic League Script error: No such module "Lang"., SKDL Script error: No such module "Lang"., DFFF |
1945 | 1990 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Liberal League Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1951 | 1965 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Liberals Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1965 | 2011 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Finnish People's Unity Party Script error: No such module "Lang"., SKYP Script error: No such module "Lang"., EFF |
1972 | 1983 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Constitutional Right Party Script error: No such module "Lang"., POP Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1973 | 1992 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Democratic Alternative Script error: No such module "Lang"., Deva Script error: No such module "Lang"., DA |
1986 | 1990 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Kirjava ”Puolue” – Elonkehän Puolesta Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1988 | 2003 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | People's Party of Finland Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1951 | 1965 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Reform Group Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1998 | 2001 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Finnish Rural Party Script error: No such module "Lang"., SMP Script error: No such module "Lang"., FLP |
1959 | 1995 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Small Farmers Party Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1936 | 1954 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Small Farmers' Party of Finland Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1929 | 1936 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders Script error: No such module "Lang"., STPV Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1924 | 1930 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Socialist Workers' Party of Finland Script error: No such module "Lang"., SSTP Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1920 | 1923 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Socialist Unity Party Script error: No such module "Lang"., SYP Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1946 | 1955 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders Script error: No such module "Lang"., TPSL Script error: No such module "Lang"., ASSF |
1959 | 1973 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Young Finns Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". |
1994 | 1999 |
Extra-parliamentary historical parties
- Template:Ill (Ruotsalainen puolue) 1870–1906
- Template:Ill (Liberaalinen puolue) 1880–1885
- Template:Ill (Suomen aktiivinen vastustuspuolue) 1904–1908
- National Workers' Party (Kansallinen Työväenpuolue) 1917–?
- Template:Ill (Sosialistinen Työpuolue) 1917–1919
- Template:Ill (Talonpoikaiskansan puolue) 1924–1933
- Template:Ill (Maanviljelijäin Puolue) 1927–1929
- United Front (Yhteisrintama) 193?–1940
- New Finnish Party (Uusi Suomalainen Puolue) 1932–1945
- Finnish Socialist Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Puolue) 1932–1937
- Patriotic People's Party (Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue) 1932–1933
- Finnish People's Organisation (Suomen Kansan Järjestö) 1933–1936
- Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Työväen Puolue) 1934–1944
- Finnish Labor Front (Suomen Työrintama) 1936–1939
- Party of Finnish National Work (Suomalais-Kansallisen Työn Puolue) 1939–?
- Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation (Suomen Kansallissosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1940–1943
- Neo-Socialist Party (Uus-sosialistinen puolue) 1940–1945
- Organisation of National Socialists (Kansallissosialistien Järjestö) 1940–1944
- National Socialists of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistit) 1941–1944
- Radical People's Party (Radikaalinen Kansanpuolue) 1944–1951
- Template:Ill (Itsenäinen keskiluokka) 1949–1951
- Finnish People's Party (Suomalainen kansanpuolue) 1950s
- Template:Ill (Itsenäisyyspuolue) 1960s
- Template:Ill (Suomen Yksityisyrittäjäin Puoluejärjestö) 1972–1979
- Socialist Workers' Party (Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1973–1990
- Template:Ill (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue) 1985–1999
- Template:Ill (Yhteisvastuu puolue) 1987–2007
- Template:Ill (Suomen Senioripuolue) 1990–2014
- Template:Ill (Naisten puolue) 1990–1995
- Template:Ill (Ihmisyydenpuolue) 1991–1995
- Finnish People's Blue-Whites (Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, SKS) 1993–2010
- Finland – Fatherland (Suomi - Isänmaa) 1993–2007
- Natural Law Party (Luonnonlain puolue) 1994–2001
- Workers' Party of Finland (Suomen Työväenpuolue) 1999–2018
- Forces for Change in Finland (Muutosvoimat Suomi) 2002–2007
- For the Poor (Köyhien Asialla) 2002–2015
- Blue and White Front (Sinivalkoinen Rintama) 2009–2015
- Citizens' Party (Kansalaispuolue) 2016–2022
- Finnish Reform Movement (Korjausliike) 2017–2023
- Seven Star Movement (Seitsemän tähden liike) 2017–2024
- Finnish People First (Suomen Kansa Ensin) 2018–2023
See also
- Parliament of Finland
- Government of Finland
- President of Finland
- Elections in Finland
- Politics of Finland
- List of political parties in Åland
- List of ruling political parties by country
References
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External links
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