List of wars involving Poland
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". This is a chronological list of wars in which Poland or its predecessor states, took an active part, extending from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the present. This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.
The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
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Piast Poland (960–1138)
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During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow West Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands conquered in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids.
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Feudal fragmentation (1138–1320)
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In 1138, after the death of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Poland was divided into districts ruled by local princes. This began a period of feudal fragmentation that lasted for more than 187 years during which Poland was severely weakened due to incessant internal conflicts. The feudal fragmentation ended in 1320 during the reign of Władyslaw I Lokietek.
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Reunited Kingdom of Poland (1320–1385)
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In 1320, after the end of the feudal fragmentation, during the reign of Władyslaw I Łokietek and his son Casimir III the Great, Poland experienced a period of strong economic development, this period also increased migration to Poland especially of Germans and Jews. The period ended after the death of Casimir the Great and the assumption of the Polish throne by Louis I.
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Jagiellon Poland (1385–1569)
For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the Teutonic Order conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke Jogaila as King of Poland (as Władysław II) which led to a major confrontation at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the Polish Crown.
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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.
During the 18th century, European powers (most frequently consisting of Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Saxony) fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Napoleonic Wars (Duchy of Warsaw)
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Poland under partitions (1815–1918)
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Second Polish Republic (1918–1939)
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In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war.
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Poland during World War II (1939–1945)
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the end of World War II. Following the German–Soviet non-aggression pact, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the Axis attack on the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, the entirety of Poland was occupied by Germany, which proceeded to advance its racial and genocidal policies across Poland.
| Date | Conflict | Belligerents 1 | Belligerents 2 | Leaders | Events | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1939 | Jabłonków incident | Template:Country data Second Polish Republic | File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Nazi Germany | Victory | ||
| 1939 | World War II – September Campaign | Template:Country data Second Polish Republic | File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Nazi Germany
File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1936 – 1955).svg Soviet Union |
Defeat | ||
| 1939–
1945 |
World War II – Polish resistance | Template:Flagicon Polish Underground State | File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Nazi Germany | IndecisiveTemplate:Efn | ||
| 1939–
1945 |
World War II – Western Front | Template:Country data Polish government-in-exileAllies: | File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Nazi GermanyFile:Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg Italy | Victory | ||
| 1943–
1945 |
World War II – Eastern Front | Template:Flagicon Polish RepublicFile:Flag of the Soviet Union (1936 – 1955).svg Soviet Union | File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Nazi Germany | Victory |
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Communist Poland (1945–1989)
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The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side.
Third Polish Republic (1989–present)
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See also
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Notes
References
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- ↑ https://zamki.name/kraje/polska/boleslaw3.php
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- ↑ W. Czapliński, A. Galos, W. Korta: Historia Niemiec, p. 138.
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- ↑ Kazimierz Lepszy, Słownik biograficzny historii powszechnej do XVII stulecia. Wiedza Powszechna Warszawa 1968
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- ↑ Rocznik Krzeszowski Większy, w: MPH, t. II
- ↑ Kronika książąt polskich,w: MPH, t.II
- ↑ Swieżawski, A., Przemysł II Król Polski (en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, p. 148; and Baszkiewicz, J., Powstanie zjednoczonego państwa polskiego na przełomie XIII i XIV wieku (en: Establishment of a united Polish state at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries), Warsaw 1954, pp. 208–209
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- ↑ Marek Plewczyński: Wojny Jagiellonów z wschodnimi i południowymi sąsiadami Królestwa Polskiego w XV wieku. Oświęcim: Napoleon V, 2014, s. 158-162. ISBN 978-83-7889-166-6.
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- ↑ Officially neutral but Danish fleet was attacked by Britain at the Battle of Copenhagen.
- ↑ Abolished following the restoration of the neutral Papal States in 1799.
- ↑ Short lived state that replaced the Kingdom of Naples in 1799.
- ↑ Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
- ↑ a b Joined the Confederation of the Rhine on 11 December 1806.
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- ↑ https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/poland-withdraws-its-troops-from-afghanistan/
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Further reading
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- Winged Hussars, Radoslaw Sikora, Bartosz Musialowicz, BUM Magazine, 2016.
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Further reading
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