Per mille
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The phrase per mille (Template:Etymology)[1] indicates parts per thousand.[2] The associated symbol is Template:Char, similar to a per cent sign Template:Char but with an extra zero in the divisor.
Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling,[1][2][3] giving other options of per mil,[2] per mill,[1][3] permil,[1][4] permill,[1] permille.[5][6]
The word Script error: No such module "Lang". is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille.[7][4]
The symbol is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode at Template:Unichar.[5] There is also an Arabic-Indic per mille sign at Template:Unichar.
Examples
Blood alcohol concentration
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration, where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood.[8] Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.[9]
Cost per mille
Sales and marketing
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.
Insurance
In UK insurance usage, the cost per mille is the rate per £1000 of insured value.[10] In India, the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured.[11]
Gradients
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Gradients (in some countries in Europe) may be expressed as mm/m or m/km, and written with the per mille symbol.[12]
Isotope ratios
Per mille may be used to express stable-isotope ratios—for example: "δ13C was measured at −3.5‰"
Taxation
Charity fraction
In Italy, it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive "five per mille" (5‰) of personal taxation payments.[13]
Property tax
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Property taxation rates may be expressed as the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada), from mill (currency), one thousandth of a dollar.
Quantile
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Permille may also be used to express a 1000-quantile ("999th permille"),[14][15] but this usage is rare and largely obsolete. Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles ("99.9th percentile").[16]
Salinity
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Seawater salinity is often expressed per mille. Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35‰ (3.5%).[17]
Related units
Template:Visualisation parts per.svg
- Percentage point difference of 1 part in 100
- Percentage (%) 1 part in 100
- Basis point (bp) difference of 1 part in 10,000
- Permyriad (‱) 1 part in 10,000
- Per cent mille (pcm) 1 part in 100,000
See also
- Parts-per notation
- Per-unit system
- Percentile
- Fineness of precious metals (given as "0.000-fine")
Notes
References
External links
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- ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:OEDsub
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Unicode. "General Punctuation". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite dictionary
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- ↑ Template:Cite thesis
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- ↑ Template:Cite dictionary