Palestinian refugee camps

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Palestinian refugee camps were first established to accommodate Palestinians who were displaced by the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight during the 1948 Palestine war.[1] Camps were established by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. A subsequent wave of Palestinian refugees were created in the Naksa after the Six-Day War in 1967.[2]

There are 68 Palestinian refugee camps in total, 58 official and 10 unofficial,[3] ten of which were established after the Six-Day War while the others were established in 1948 to 1950s.

Only a third of registered Palestinian refugees live within the boundaries of the refugee camps.[4] Most have integrated socially and economically outside the camps.[5] Many live in adjacent geographic areas.[6]

The number of registered Palestine refugees grew from 750,000 in 1950 to around 5 million in 2013.[7]

History

Role of UNRWA

UNRWA's mandate is to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees, including access to its refugee camps. For this purpose, it defines Palestinian refugees as "persons whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict."[7]

UNRWA also extends assistance to the patrilineal descendants of such refugees, as well as their legally adopted children.[7]

File:ShufatCampJuly142023 05.jpg
Shu'fat Camp in the city of Jerusalem, 2023. The official area of the camp is in the center of the image and is characterized by low-rise buildings; on either side of the camp are additional Palestinian neighborhoods located beyond the Israeli West Bank barrier (visible at the bottom of the image), where the buildings are taller.
File:Nabatieh Camp before and after.jpg
Nabatieh refugee camp before and after its destruction by the Israeli military in 1974

For a camp to be recognized by UNRWA, there must be an agreement between the host government and UNRWA governing use of the camp. UNRWA does not itself run any camps, has no police powers or administrative role, but simply provides services to the camp. UNRWA recognizes facilities in 58 designated refugee camps in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and it also provides facilities in other areas where large numbers of registered Palestine refugees live outside of recognized camps. UNRWA also provided relief to Jewish displaced persons inside Israel following the 1948 conflict until the Israeli government took over responsibility for them in 1952. Refugee camps developed from tented cities to rows of concrete blockhouses to urban ghettos indistinguishable from their surroundings (effectively becoming urban developments within existing cities or by themselves), that house around one third of all registered Palestine refugees.

The Funding for UNRWA activities comes almost entirely from voluntary contributions from UN member states. UNRWA also receives some funding from the Regular Budget of the United Nations, which is used mostly for international staffing costs.[7]

List of camps

The camps are divided between five regions:

  • Gaza Strip: The Gaza Strip has eight official and no unofficial refugee camps,[3] and 1,221,110 registered refugees.
  • West Bank: The West Bank has 19 official and four unofficial refugee camps,[3] and 741,409 registered refugees.
  • Syria: Syria has nine official refugee camps and three unofficial refugee camps,[3] and 499,189 registered refugees.
  • Lebanon: There are 12 official refugee and no unofficial camps in Lebanon,[3] and 448,599 registered refugees.
  • Jordan: There are 10 official and three unofficial refugee camps in Jordan,[3] and 2,034,641 registered refugees.
Name Founded Location Status Coordinates Population Area (km2) Density (pop/km2) Comments Refs
Yarmouk 1957 Syria Unofficial Script error: No such module "Coordinates". n.a. 2.1 n.a. Largely destroyed (was 160,000 population) [8]
Rafah 1949 Gaza Strip UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 125,304 n.a. n.a. [9]
Baqa'a 1968 Jordan UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 119,000 1.4 85,000 [10]
Jabalia 1948 Gaza Strip UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 113,990 1.4 81,421 [11]
Khan Yunis 1949 Gaza Strip UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 87,816 0.549 159,956 [12][13]
Al-Shati (Beach camp) 1948 Gaza Strip UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 85,628 0.52 164,669 [14]
Nuseirat 1949 Gaza Strip UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 80,194 n.a. n.a. [15]
Ain al-Hilweh 1948 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 59,660 0.3 198,867 [16][17]
Al-Wehdat refugee camp (Amman New Camp) 1955 Jordan UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 57,000 0.48 118,750 [18]
Marka 1968 Jordan UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 53,000 0.92 57,609 [19]
Jaramana 1948 Syria UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 49,000 0.03 1,633,333 [20]
Latakia 1955–6 Syria Unofficial Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 47,400 0.22 215,455 [21]
Bureij 1949 Gaza Strip UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 43,330 0.529 81,909 [22][23]
Rashidieh 1963 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 34,584 0.25 138,336 [24][17]
Jabal el-Hussein 1952 Jordan UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 32,000 0.42 76,190 [25]
Maghazi 1949 Gaza Strip UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 31,329 0.6 52,215 [26]
Jerash 1968 Jordan UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 29,000 0.75 38,667 [27]
Irbid 1951 Jordan UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 28,000 0.24 116,667 [28]
Balata 1950 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 27,000 0.25 108,000 [29]
Deir al-Balah 1948 Gaza Strip UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 25,569 0.16 159,806 [30][31]
Husn (Martyr Azmi el-Mufti camp) 1968 Jordan UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 25,000 0.77 32,468 [32]
Burj el-Shamali 1955 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 24,929 0.134 186,037 [33][17]
Shu'fat camp 1965 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 24,000 0.2 120,000 [34]
Qabr Essit 1967 Syria UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 23,700 0.02 1,185,000 [35]
Tulkarm 1950 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 21,500 0.18 119,444 [36]
Beddawi 1955 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 21,252 0.2 106,260 [37][17]
Zarqa 1949 Jordan UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 20,000 0.18 111,111 [38]
Bourj el-Barajneh 1948 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 19,539 0.104 187,875 [39][17]
Souf 1967 Jordan UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 19,000 0.5 38,000 [40]
Askar 1950 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 18,500 0.119 155,462 [41]
Al-Nayrab 1948 Syria UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 18,000 0.15 120,000 [42]
Dheisheh 1949 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 15,000 0.33 45,455 [43]
Qalandia 1949 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 14,800 0.42 35,238 [44]
Al-Hassan 1967 Jordan Unofficial Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 14,068 n.a. n.a. [45][46][47]
Jenin 1953 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 14,000 0.42 33,333 [48]
Jalazone 1949 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 13,000 0.253 51,383 [49]
Al-Sabinah 1948 Syria UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 13,000 0.03 433,333 [50]
Homs 1949 Syria UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 13,000 0.15 86,667 [51]
Khan Danoun 1950 Syria UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 12,650 0.03 421,667 [52]
El Buss 1948 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 12,281 0.08 153,513 [53][17]
Al-Arroub 1950 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 12,000 0.24 50,000 [54]
Khan al-Shih 1949 Syria UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 12,000 0.69 17,391 [55]
Shatila 1949 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 10,849 0.04 271,225 [56][17]
Nur Shams 1952 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 10,500 0.21 50,000 [57]
Daraa 1950 Syria UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 10,500 1.3 8,077 [58]
Fawwar 1949 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 9,500 0.27 35,185 [59]
Wavel 1948 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 9,460 0.043 220,000 [60][17]
Hama 1950 Syria UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 9,000 0.06 150,000 [61]
Aqabat Jaber 1948 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 8,600 1.67 5,150 [62]
Madaba camp 1956 Jordan Unofficial Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 8,597 n.a. n.a. [45]
Far'a 1949 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 8,500 0.26 32,692 [63]
Talbieh Camp 1968 Jordan UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 8,000 0.13 61,538 [64]
Ein Beit al-Ma' (Camp No. 1) 1950 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 7,500 0.045 166,667 [65]
Sokhna camp 1969 Jordan Unofficial Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 7,424 n.a. n.a. sometimes transliterated 'Sakhna' or 'Sukhna' [45]
Am'ari 1949 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 7,000 0.096 72,917 [66]
Ein Al-Tal (also known as Handarat camp) 1962 Syria Unofficial Script error: No such module "Coordinates". n.a. 0.16 n.a. Largely destroyed (was 7,000 population) [67]
Nahr al-Bared 1949 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 5,857 0.198 29,581 Reconstructed, was 27,000 population [68][17]
Mieh Mieh 1954 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 5,747 0.054 106,426 [69][17]
Aida 1950 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 5,500 0.071 77,465 [70]
Dbayeh 1956 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 4,591 0.084 54,655 [71][17]
Ein as-Sultan camp 1948 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 3,800 0.87 4,368 [72]
'Azza (Beit Jibrin) 1950 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 2,900 0.027 107,407 [73]
Deir 'Ammar Camp 1949 West Bank UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 2,500 0.162 15,432 [74]
Qaddura camp 1948 West Bank Unofficial Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 1,558 n.a. n.a. [75]
Mar Elias refugee camp 1952 Lebanon UNRWA Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 725 0.0054 134,259 [76][17]
Silwad Camp 1971 West Bank Unofficial Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 462 n.a. n.a. [45]
Abu Shukheidim camp 1948 West Bank Unofficial n.a. n.a. n.a. Town of Abu Shukhaydam (sic) shows on maps as ~1 mi SW of Birzeit [45]
Birzeit camp (As-Saqaeif) 1948 West Bank Unofficial Script error: No such module "Coordinates". n.a. n.a. n.a. [45][77]

Population statistics

The evolution of Palestinian refugee population is shown below:[78][5][79]

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2004 2009 2018
Jordan 506,200 613,743 506,038 716,372 929,097 1,570,192 1,758,274 1,951,603 2,242,579
Lebanon 127,600 136,561 175,958 226,554 302,049 376,472 396,890 422,188 475,075
Syria 82,194 115,043 158,717 209,362 280,731 383,199 417,346 461,897 560,139
West Bank – – 272,692 324,035 414,298 583,009 675,670 762,820 846,465
Gaza Strip 198,227 255,542 311,814 367,995 496,339 824,622 938,531 1,073,303 1,421,282
Total registered refugees 914,221 1,120,889 1,425,219 1,844,318 2,422,514 3,737,494 4,186,711 4,671,811 5,545,540

The number of Palestinian refugees living within the UNWRA registered area of operations is shown below, both those living in camps and those living outside camps:[4][5][79]

Registered persons (refugees and other) Registered refugees in camps % registered refugees in camps
1953 870,158 300,785 34.6
1955 912,425 351,532 38.5
1960 1,136,487 409,223 36.0
1965 1,300,117 508,042 39.1
1970 1,445,022 500,985 34.7
1975 1,652,436 551,643 33.4
1980 1,863,162 613,149 32.9
1985 2,119,862 805,482 38.0
1990 2,466,516 697,709 28.3
1995 3,246,044 1,007,375 31.0
2000 3,806,055 1,227,954 32.3
2005 4,283,892 1,265,987 29.6
2010 4,966,664 1,452,790 29.3
2015 5,741,480 1,632,876 28.4
2018 6,171,793 1,728,409 28.0

The table below shows the population of registered refugees, other registered people, and refugees residing in camps, in 2018.[80] UNRWA's definition of Other Registered Persons refer to "those who, at the time of original registration did not satisfy all of UNRWA's Palestine refugee criteria, but who were determined to have suffered significant loss and/or hardship for reasons related to the 1948 conflict in Palestine; they also include persons who belong to the families of other registered persons."[81]

Jordan Lebanon Syria West Bank Gaza Strip Total
Registered refugees 2,242,579 475,075 560,139 846,465 1,421,282 5,545,540
Other registered people 133,902 58,810 83,003 201,525 149,013 626,253
Total registered people 2,376,481 533,885 643,142 1,047,990 1,570,295 6,171,793
Refugees living within official camp borders 412,054 270,614 194,993 256,758 593,990 1,728,409
% living within camp borders 18.4% 57.0% 34.8% 30.3% 41.8% 31.2%

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ UNWRA, Palestine refugees
  3. ↑ a b c d e f UNRWA Annual Operational report 2019 for the Reporting period 01 January – 31 December 2019, pages 168-169, "Infrastructure and Camp Improvement Statistics"
  4. ↑ a b Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, 1 July 2003-30 June 2004, Supplement No. 13 (A/59/13) Table 3: Number and distribution of special hardship cases (as at 30 June 2004)
  5. ↑ a b c Ḥanafī, Sārī "Palestinian Refugee Camps in the Arab East: Governmentalities in Search of Legitimacy." (2010), page 6
  6. ↑ BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18, page 29, 34, 35
  7. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ UNRWA Yarmouk Camp
  9. ↑ UNRWA Rafah Camp
  10. ↑ UNRWA Baqa'a refugee camp
  11. ↑ UNRWA Jabalia Camp
  12. ↑ UNRWA Khan Yunis Camp
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ UNRWA Al-Shati Camp
  15. ↑ UNRWA Nuseirat Camp
  16. ↑ UNRWA Ain al-Hilweh
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ UNRWA Al-Wehdat refugee camp
  19. ↑ UNRWA Marka refugee camp
  20. ↑ UNRWA Jaramana
  21. ↑ UNRWA Latakia Camp
  22. ↑ UNRWA Bureij
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ UNRWA Rashidieh
  25. ↑ UNRWA Al-Abdali
  26. ↑ UNRWA Maghazi (camp)
  27. ↑ UNRWA Jerash
  28. ↑ UNRWA Irbid
  29. ↑ UNRWA Balata
  30. ↑ UNRWA Deir al-Balah Camp
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ UNRWA Husn Camp
  33. ↑ UNRWA Burj el-Shemali
  34. ↑ UNRWA Shu'fat camp
  35. ↑ UNRWA Qabr Essit
  36. ↑ UNRWA Tulkarm Camp
  37. ↑ UNRWA Beddawi refugee camp
  38. ↑ UNRWA Zarqa
  39. ↑ UNRWA Bourj el-Barajneh
  40. ↑ UNRWA Souf Camp
  41. ↑ UNRWA Askar (camp)
  42. ↑ UNRWA Al-Nayrab
  43. ↑ UNRWA Dheisheh
  44. ↑ UNRWA Kalandia Camp
  45. ↑ a b c d e f BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18, pages 30-33
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ UNRWA Jenin Camp
  49. ↑ UNRWA Jalazone
  50. ↑ UNRWA Al-Sabinah
  51. ↑ UNRWA Homs Camp
  52. ↑ UNRWA Khan Dannun
  53. ↑ UNRWA El-Buss refugee camp
  54. ↑ UNRWA Al-Arroub (camp)
  55. ↑ UNRWA Khan al-Shih
  56. ↑ UNRWA Shatila refugee camp
  57. ↑ UNRWA Nur Shams, Tulkarm
  58. ↑ UNRWA Deraa
  59. ↑ UNRWA Fawwar, Hebron
  60. ↑ UNRWA Wavel
  61. ↑ UNRWA Hama
  62. ↑ UNRWA Aqabat Jaber
  63. ↑ UNRWA Far'a
  64. ↑ UNRWA Talbieh Camp
  65. ↑ UNRWA Ein Beit al-Ma'
  66. ↑ UNRWA Am'ari
  67. ↑ UNRWA Ein el Tal
  68. ↑ UNRWA Nahr al-Bared
  69. ↑ UNRWA Mieh Mieh refugee camp
  70. ↑ UNRWA Aida (camp)
  71. ↑ UNRWA Dbayeh
  72. ↑ UNRWA Ein as-Sultan
  73. ↑ UNRWA 'Azza
  74. ↑ UNRWA Deir 'Ammar Camp
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ UNRWA Mar Elias refugee camp
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, 1 July 2003-30 June 2004, Supplement No. 13 (A/59/13) Table 2: Distribution of registered population (as at 30 June 2004)
  79. ↑ a b BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18, page 30
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  81. ↑ Annual Operational Report 2019

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Bibliography

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

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Maps

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