PM M1910
Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Pulyemyot Maksima M1910 (Template:Langx), or PM M1910, is a heavy machine gun based on the Maxim gun, that was used by the Imperial Russian Army, Navy and Air Service during World War I, then by the Red, White and Green armies during the Russian Civil War, and later by the Soviet Armed Forces during World War II. Later the gun saw service in the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
History
It was adopted in August 1910 and was derived from Hiram Maxim's Maxim gun, chambered for the standard Russian 7.62×54mmR rifle cartridge. The M1910 was mounted on a wheeled mount with a gun shield.[1]
In 1918–1920, 21,000 new Maxim M1910 machine guns were manufactured in Revolutionary Russia for the Red Army.[2] In 1930, a modernized version M1910/30 was adopted by the Red Army.[1] M1910/30 can be equipped with optical sight.[3] In 1941, the gun was modernized once again.[1] In May 1942, an order was given to begin the development of a new machine gun to replace the Maxim M1910/30. On May 15, 1943, the SG-43 machine gun was adopted and since summer 1943 Maxim guns were replaced in Soviet service by the SG-43, which retained the wheeled and shielded carriage. However, production of the Maxim did not end until 1945.[1]
In addition to the main infantry version, there were aircraft-mounted and naval variants. Some were fitted with a tractor radiator cap fitted on top of the water jacket to allow handfuls of snow to be packed in to melt while firing.
After World War II, the Maxim was phased out of service, but was still sent in some quantities to the Korean War and Vietnam War. In 2014 during the war in Donbas, some Maxims in stock were captured by the Pro-Russian separatists while others were taken from storage to be used by the Ukrainian Armed Forces.[4] A number were used by the Ukrainian military during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine due to their reputation for accuracy and reliability.[5]
Variants
- Russian Empire
- Maxim M1910 MG on the Sokolov M1910 wheeled mount (Template:Langx)[6]
- Maxim M1910 MG on the Kolesnikov M1915 wheeled mount (Template:Langx)[6]
- Soviet Union
- Maxim M1910 MG on the Kondakov M1928 anti-aircraft tripod (Template:Langx)[6]
- Maxim M1910/30 machine gun on the Vladimirov M1931 wheeled mount (Template:Langx)[6]
- M-4 quadruple anti-aircraft machine gun mount (Template:Langx)[6][7]
- Other derivatives:
- Maxim–Tokarev – Air-cooled light machine gun derivative of the M1910.
- PV-1 – Soviet air-cooled version of the M1910 for mounting on aircraft.
- Finland
- Second Polish Republic
- Maxim wz. 1910 – Polish Maxim M1910.[9]
- Maxim wz. 1910/28 – Polish Maxim wz. 1910 converted to 7.92 mm Mauser.[9]
Users
- Template:Country data Austria-Hungary – Seized during World War I.[10]
- Template:Flagicon Bulgaria[11]
- Template:Flagicon China[12]
- Template:Flagicon Czechoslovakia – In January 1942, the first twelve Soviet Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were given from USSR to 1st Czechoslovak Independent Infantry Battalion, later additional quantity was given to other units of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps.[13]
- Template:Country data Finland[8]
- Template:Country data German Empire – A quantity of machine guns was seized during World War I.
- Template:Flagicon Hungary – After June 22, 1941, a quantity of machine guns was seized by Hungarian troops during Axis invasion in USSR. Since 1945, Soviet Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were given from the Soviet Union to the People's Republic of Hungary.[10]
- Template:Flagicon Mongolia
- Template:Country data Nazi Germany – In September 1939, a quantity of Polish wz. 1910 and wz. 1910/28 was seized by the Wehrmacht. After June 22, 1941, a quantity of Soviet machine guns was seized by German troops during Axis invasion in USSR, they were used as schweres Maschinengewehr 216(r).[14]
- Template:Country data North Korea[12]
- Template:Flagicon Poland – Maxim wz. 1910 and Maxim wz. 1910/28[9]
- Template:Flagicon Romania – At least several machine guns were captured during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and disarmament of retreating armed anti-Soviet groups crossing the Romanian border in 1917 - 1920s. After June 22, 1941, an additional quantity was seized by Romanian troops during Axis invasion in USSR. In 1944, several Soviet Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were given from USSR to Romanian 1st Volunteer Infantry Division.[15] After the 23 August 1944 coup d'état, additional Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were transferred from the Soviet Union to the Romanian Army.
- Template:Country data Russian Empire[2]
- Template:Flagicon image Russian separatist forces in Donbas[4]
- Template:Country data Soviet Union[2][1]
- Template:Flagicon Taiwan[16]
- Template:Country data Ukraine – In August 2011, 35,000 ex-Soviet Maxim machine guns were stored in the warehouses of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine[17] although at least four of them were written off and scrapped later.[18][19] They were used during the war in Donbas by Ukrainian troops. In December 2016 they were officially adopted by the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[20] The Maxim has been used in combat following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,[21][22] proving useful for defending Ukrainian positions against Russian infantry assaults by permitting continuous fire without overheating. Ukrainian forces have been seen using a Maxim gun equipped with modern accessories like optics and a suppressor.[22]
Gallery
-
Ottoman soldiers with a captured Russian Maxim machine gun during WWI
-
Soviet Red Army military personnel with a Maxim M1910 machine gun, late 1920s and early 1930s
-
A Makhnovist tachanka on display in the Huliaipole museum; notice that it is mounted with the PM M1910/30
-
Soviet troops receiving instruction on the PM M1910/30
-
Soviet Red Army machinegunners with the PM M1910/30 in the Battle of Kursk
-
Soviet female military personnel with the Maxim M1910/30 machine gun on the Kondakov M1928 anti-aircraft tripod, 1941
-
M-4 quadruple anti-aircraft machine gun mount (rear view)
-
M-4 quadruple anti-aircraft machine gun mount (front view)
See also
References
External links
- Soviet Manual Covering Operation and Repair of the 1910 Maxim Gun
- Robert G. Segel (24 February 2012) "The Origin of the Russian “Tractor-Cap” M1910 Maxim", Small Arms Defense Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1
Template:WWIRussianArms Template:WWIIUSSRInfWeapons Template:Maximgunnavbox
- ↑ a b c d e "На вооружении Советской Армии состояли станковые пулемёты Максима образца 1910, модернизированные в 1930 и 1941"
Пулемёты // Великая Отечественная война 1941 - 1945. Энциклопедия. / редколл., гл. ред. М. М. Козлов. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1985. стр.594-595 - ↑ a b c Пулемёты // Гражданская война и военная интервенция в СССР. Энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. С. С. Хромов. — 2-е изд. — М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1987. стр.490-491
- ↑ Описание пулемётного оптического прицела обр. 1930. Москва, Ленинград; Отдел Издательства Народного Комиссариата Обороны Союза ССР. 1951 г.
- ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ a b c d e Template:Cite magazine
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- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Andrzej Konstankiewicz. Broń strzelecka i sprzęt artyleryjski formacji polskich i Wojska Polskiego w latach 1914-1939. Warszawa, 2003. str.113
- ↑ a b Lugosi, József (2008). "Gyalogsági fegyverek 1868–2008". In Lugosi, József; Markó, György. Hazánk dicsőségére: 160 éves a Magyar Honvédség. Budapest: Zrínyi Kiadó. p. 382-383. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Template:Cite magazine
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Ермаков В. Ф. Из истории советско-чехословацкого боевого содружества // «Военно-исторический журнал», 1988, № 3. стр.11-16
- ↑ Terry Gander, Peter Chamberlain. Enzyklopädie deutscher Waffen 1939–1945. Handwaffen, Artillerie, Beutewaffen, Sonderwaffen. Motorbuch Verlag, 2008.
- ↑ Сведения штаба Московского военного округа о материальном обеспечении 1-й румынской пехотной дивизии, 1 апреля 1944 г. // Освободительная миссия Советских Вооружённых Сил в Европе во второй мировой войне: документы и материалы. М., Воениздат, 1985. стр.87-88
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "7,62 мм кулемет Максим - 35,000 штук"
розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 1022-р від 15 серпня 2011 р. "Перелік військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути відчужено" - ↑ Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 108-р від 29 лютого 2012 р. "Про утилізацію стрілецької зброї"
- ↑ "7,62 мм кулемет Максим - 2"
Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 687-р від 14 серпня 2013 р. "Про затвердження додаткового переліку військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути відчужено". - ↑ Минобороны Украины вернуло на вооружение пулемет "Максим"
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- Pages with script errors
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- 7.62×54mmR machine guns
- Heavy machine guns
- Firearms of the Russian Empire
- Machine guns of Russia
- Machine guns of the Soviet Union
- Early machine guns
- World War I machine guns
- World War I Russian infantry weapons
- World War II machine guns
- World War II military equipment of Finland
- World War II infantry weapons of Poland
- World War II infantry weapons of the Soviet Union
- Pages with reference errors