322P/SOHO
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322P/SOHO is the first periodic comet to be discovered using the automated telescopes of the SOHO (SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory) spacecraft, and second to be given a numbered designation, after 321P/SOHO.[1]Template:R/superscript At perihelion, it is six times closer to the Sun than the planet Mercury.
Observational history
The comet was first spotted by Terry Lovejoy after analyzing SOHO imagery on 4 September 1999.
After Kazimieras Černis spotted another SOHO comet in 2003, Sebastian F. Hönig, later determined that both P/1999 R1 and P/2003 R5 might be the same object, where he predicted its return in 2007.[2]Template:R/superscript[3]Template:R/superscript His calculations were later proven correct when it was successfully recovered by Bo Zhou as P/2007 R5 after analyzing SOHO images on 10 September 2007.[4] It became one of the first comets that SOHO has discovered that is confirmed to be periodic.
Bo Zhou recovered the comet once again on September 6, 2011.[5]Template:R/superscript It was observed again in September 2019.[6]
Possible connection with the Great Comet of 254 AD
It has been suggested that 322P/SOHO is associated with a comet observed in November–December 254 AD and is mentioned in East Asian sources to have an extremely long tail.[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript If the association is correct, it is possible that the comet split in 254 AD, resulting in intense cometary activity, but activity decreased afterwards as the comet lost most of its volatiles, and no longer displays a tail or a prominent coma. Current activity is fueled by sodium sublimation.[8]Template:R/superscript
Physical characteristics
322P/SOHO is either an extinct comet or an active asteroid.[9]Template:R/superscript Light-curve and infrared observations by Spitzer in 2016 suggest that its nucleus is probably only Template:Cvt in diameter, with a rotation period lasting Script error: No such module "val". hours.[10]Template:R/superscript
Orbit
| Perihelion distance at different epochs[11] | |||||||
| Perihelion date |
Perihelion (AU) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1955-04-18 | 0.0651 | ||||||
| 1983-08-08 | 0.0597 | ||||||
| 1999-09-05 | 0.0563 | ||||||
| 2015-09-04 | 0.0535 | ||||||
| 2019-08-31 | 0.0506 | ||||||
| 2023-08-21 | 0.0501 | ||||||
| 2027-08-11 | 0.0505 | ||||||
| 2031-08-01 | 0.0479 | ||||||
| 2047-05-23 | 0.0451 | ||||||
322P/SOHO is a member of the Kracht sungrazer family of comets.[12]Template:R/superscript On April 11, 1947 it passed about Script error: No such module "convert". from Earth.[13][14]
Exploration
On 2 September 2019, NASA's Parker Solar Probe incidentally passed the tail of 322P/SOHO at a distance of Script error: No such module "convert"., making direct measurements of the comet as it interacts with the solar wind.[15]Template:R/superscript
See also
References
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- ↑ The case of the Sun-diving asteroid that thinks it's a comet Phil Plait, September 4, 2019
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". RNG_3sigma = uncertainty range in km. (JPL#10/Soln.date: 2016-Oct-27)
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External links
- Template:PAGENAMEBASE at the JPL Small-Body DatabaseTemplate:EditAtWikidataTemplate:WikidataCheck
- SOHO's first officially periodic comet
- SOHO Comets (view real-time images)
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