Orange County, Indiana

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Orange County is located in Southern Indiana in the United States. As of 2020, its population was 19,867.[1] The county seat is Paoli.[2] The county has four incorporated settlements with a total population of about 8,600,[3] as well as several small unincorporated communities. It is divided into 10 townships which provide local services.[4][5] One U.S. route and five Indiana state roads pass through or into the county.[6]

History

Orange County was formed from parts of Knox County, Gibson County and Washington County by the Indiana Territorial Legislature, on December 26, 1815 (effective February 1, 1816). In 1816 the Orange County seat was designated at Paoli, which was named after Pasquale Paoli Ash, the 12-year-old son of the sitting North Carolina Governor.[7]

The early settlers were mostly Quakers fleeing the institution of slavery in Orange County, North Carolina. Jonathan Lindley brought his group of Quakers from North Carolina to the area in 1811. They were the first to build a religious structure, the Lick Creek Meeting House in 1813. It was from this group that Orange County got its name.[8][9] (See List of Indiana county name etymologies). The name Orange derives from the Dutch Protestant House of Orange, which accessed the English throne with the accession of King William III in 1689, following the Glorious Revolution.

When the North Carolina Quakers came to Indiana, they brought several freed slaves. These free men were deeded Script error: No such module "convert". of land in the heart of a dense forest. Word of mouth soon spread the news, and this land became part of the "underground railroad" for runaway slaves. For many years, the freed slaves in this area farmed, traded, and sold their labor to others while living in this settlement. A church and cemetery were constructed.

All that remains today is the cemetery, with many lost or vandalized headstones. Several years ago, Boy Scouts restored the cemetery, replacing the stones with wooden crosses designating a grave. The name of "Little Africa" came about because of the black settlement, but it was called "Paddy's Garden" by its early users. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Courthouse

The first courthouse was a temporary log structure that was built for $25; a more permanent stone structure was completed in 1819 at a cost of $3,950.[n 1] [11] In 1847, plans were made for a larger courthouse, which was completed in 1850 at a cost of $14,000.[n 2] This building is the second oldest courthouse in the state that has been continuously used since its construction. Like the oldest in Ohio County, it is a Greek Revival building with two stories and a Doric portico supported by fluted columns; it has ornamental iron stairs and a clock tower. In 1970, the clock tower was damaged by fire.[12] On August 6, 2023, the clock tower was damaged by an EF-1 tornado.

Geography

File:Map of Orange County, Indiana.svg
Map of Orange County, showing townships and settlements

Much of the south part of the county, south of Paoli and French Lick, is part of the Hoosier National Forest. Patoka Lake is within the national forest; the majority of the lake lies in Orange County, with parts extending into neighboring Dubois and Crawford counties.

According to the 2010 United States census, Orange County has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". (or 97.60%) is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (or 2.40%) is water.[13]

Adjacent counties

Towns

Unincorporated communities

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Moffatt Hollar

Townships

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Transportation

Highways

Airports

  • Paoli Municipal Airport - public-owned public-use general-aviation airport with one paved runway.
  • French Lick Municipal Airport

French Lick Municipal Airport (IATA: FRH, ICAO: KFRH, FAA LID: FRH) is a city-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of French Lick, a town in Orange County, Indiana, United States.[1] Also known as French Lick Airport, it serves the French Lick and West Baden, Indiana area.[2]

Railways

French Lick Scenic Railway (French Lick West Baden and Southern Railway/ Indiana Railway Museum) Popular train rides in Indiana aboard the French Lick Scenic Railway offer 20-mile day tours through parts of the Hoosier National Forest, the 2,200-foot Burton Tunnel (Indiana's second longest tunnel), and past limestone outcroppings.

Check the daily departure schedule but know the historic French Lick Scenic Railway also hosts special events and seasonal trips throughout the year, like these famous family attractions:

Wild-West Hold-ups Tasting Trains Easter Bunny Express Dinner Trains

Climate and weather

Paoli, Indiana
Climate chart (explanation)
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: The Weather Channel[15]
Metric conversion
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm

In recent years, average temperatures in Paoli have ranged from a low of Script error: No such module "convert". in January to a high of Script error: No such module "convert". in July, although a record low of Script error: No such module "convert". was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of Script error: No such module "convert". was recorded in July 1901. Average monthly precipitation ranged from Script error: No such module "convert". in October to Script error: No such module "convert". in May.[15]

Demographics

File:Orange-County-IN-Courthouse.jpg
The Orange County Courthouse in the center of the Paoli, Indiana town square

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
18205,368—
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185010,809Script error: No such module "String".%
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187013,497Script error: No such module "String".%
188014,363Script error: No such module "String".%
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201019,840Script error: No such module "String".%
202019,867Script error: No such module "String".%
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US Decennial Census[16]
1790-1960[17] 1900-1990[18]
1990-2000[19] 2010-2020[1][20]

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2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 19,867. The median age was 42.5 years. 23.3% of residents were under the age of 18 and 20.1% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 99.9 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 97.0 males age 18 and over.[21][22]

The racial makeup of the county was 93.8% White, 1.0% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.7% from some other race, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 1.5% of the population.[22]

<0.1% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.[23]

There were 7,982 households in the county, of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 49.5% were married-couple households, 18.5% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 24.4% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[21]

There were 9,058 housing units, of which 11.9% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 74.3% were owner-occupied and 25.7% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1% and the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%.[21]

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 19,840 people, 7,872 households, and 5,416 families in the county.[24] The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 9,176 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert"..[13] The racial makeup of the county was 97.0% white, 0.9% black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.0% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 22.6% were of English ancestry, 18.8% were of German ancestry and 12.4% were of Irish ancestry.

Of the 7,872 households, 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.2% were non-families, and 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age was 40.8 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $45,874. Males had a median income of $35,679 versus $30,072 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,119. About 13.5% of families and 20.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 14.7% of those age 65 or over.[25]

Government

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The county government is a constitutional body granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana and the Indiana Code. The county council is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all spending and revenue collection. Representatives are elected from county districts. The council members serve four-year terms and are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes and service taxes.[26][27]

A board of commissioners is the county's executive body. Commissioners are elected in staggered four-year terms. The board is charged with executing the council's decisions, with collecting revenue, and with managing the county government.[26][27]

The county maintains a small claims court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.[27]

The county has several other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor and circuit court clerk. Each serves a four-year term, and oversees a different part of county government. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and be residents of the county.[27]

Each township has a trustee and a three-member board, which administers rural fire protection and ambulance service, provides poor relief and manages cemetery care, among other duties.[5] The trustee and board members are elected to four-year terms.[28]

Orange County is part of Indiana's 8th congressional district. It is part of Indiana Senate districts 44 and 48,[29] and Indiana House of Representatives district 62.[30]

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Education

The county is served by four school districts:[31]

Orleans Community Schools (Superintendent: Jimmy Ellis)[32] includes:

  • Orleans Elementary School (Principal: Joni Lawyer)
  • Orleans Jr./Sr. High School (Principal: Daniel Wolford).

Paoli Community Schools (Superintendent:Greg Walker) includes:

  • Throop Elementary School (Principal:Amanda Crews)
  • Paoli Jr./Sr. High School (Principal:Dr. Sherry Wise).

Springs Valley School Corporation (Superintendent: Trevor Apple) includes:

See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ A $3,950 capital expense in 1816 would be roughly equivalent to $2,000,000 in 2010.[10]
  2. ↑ A $14,000 capital expense in 1850 would be roughly equivalent to $6,000,000 in 2010.[10]

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References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Paoli - Monon Historical (June 2006)
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Williamson, Samuel H. (April 2010). Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1774 to present. MeasuringWorth. Calculations made using Nominal GDP Per Capita, a measure of capital intensivity, using "the 'average' per-person output of the economy in the prices of the current year." This is a measure of the amount of capital and volume of labor required to reproduce the work over varying production methods, but assuming that money represents a proportion of the economy.
  11. ↑ Goodspeed 1884, pp. 421–3.
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Orange County IN Google Maps (accessed 20 September 2018)
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Bibliography

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External links

Template:Geographic location

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