Octane
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:For-multi <templatestyles src="Chembox/styles.css"/>
Template:Chembox image cellTemplate:Chembox image cellTemplate:Chembox image cellTemplate:Chembox image cellTemplate:Chembox AllOtherNamesTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox IndexlistTemplate:Chembox JmolTemplate:Chembox ChEMBLTemplate:Chembox ECHATemplate:Chembox E numberTemplate:Chembox IUPHAR ligandTemplate:Chembox UNIITemplate:Chembox CompToxTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox SolubilityInWaterTemplate:Chembox ConjugateAcidBaseTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox HazardsTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox Datapage checkTemplate:YesnoTemplate:Chembox Footer/tracking container onlyScript error: No such module "TemplatePar".Template:Short description
Octane is a hydrocarbon and also an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the location of branching in the carbon chain. One of these isomers, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (commonly called iso-octane), is used as one of the standard values in the octane rating scale.
Octane is a component of gasoline and petroleum. Under standard temperature and pressure, octane is an odorless, colorless liquid. Like other short-chained alkanes with a low molecular weight, it is volatile, flammable, and toxic. Octane is 1.2 to 2 times more toxic than heptane.[4]
Isomers
N-octane has 23 constitutional isomers. 8 of these isomers have one stereocenter; 3 of them have two stereocenters.
Achiral isomers:
- 2-Methylheptane
- 4-Methylheptane
- 3-Ethylhexane
- 2,2-Dimethylhexane
- 2,5-Dimethylhexane
- (meso)-3,4-Dimethylhexane
- 3,3-Dimethylhexane
- 3-Ethyl-2-methylpentane
- 3-Ethyl-3-methylpentane
- 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (i.e. iso-octane)
- 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
- 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
- 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Chiral isomers:
- (3R)-3-Methylheptane
- (3S)-3-Methylheptane
- (3R)-2,3-Dimethylhexane
- (3S)-2,3-Dimethylhexane
- (4R)-2,4-Dimethylhexane
- (4S)-2,4-Dimethylhexane
- (3R,4R)-3,4-Dimethylhexane
- (3S,4S)-3,4-Dimethylhexane
- (3R)-2,2,3-Trimethylpentane
- (3S)-2,2,3-Trimethylpentane
Production and use
In petrochemistry, octanes are not typically differentiated or purified as specific compounds. Octanes are components of particular boiling fractions.[5]
A common route to such fractions is the alkylation reaction between iso-butane and 1-butene, which forms iso-octane.[6]
Octane is commonly used as a solvent in paints and adhesives.
.jpg){kind=link}
References
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ https://srdata.nist.gov/solubility/sol_detail.aspx?sysID=38_103
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 0933
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, Octane, [1]
Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Hydrides by group