Oceana County, Michigan

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Oceana County (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". Script error: No such module "Respell".) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 26,659.[1] Its county seat and largest incorporated community is Hart.[2] Oceana County is located in the West Michigan region of the state's Lower Peninsula. The county has a shoreline along Lake Michigan, which has allowed for agriculture and tourism to flourish within the county. The county is also known as the "Asparagus Capital of the World", and is home to the National Asparagus Festival, in Hart.[3]

File:Little Sable Lighthouse at Sunset.jpg
Little Sable Point Lighthouse

History

Prior to European American settlement, Oceana County was part of the territory of the Ojibwe. Early European American settlers were attracted by access along the White River, which reaches its mouth on Lake Michigan in Muskegon County to the south.

The State of Michigan created the county of Oceana on April 1, 1840.[4] The county was organized in 1855.[5] The origin of the county's name is unclear, although there are two possibilities: the county may have been named for Lake Michigan, the freshwater "ocean," which forms its western border;[6] or for the book Oceana, written by English author James Harrington in 1656.[5]

In the 1850s about 1400 Odawa were relocated here from Ionia County, Michigan by the federal government.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

The county economy was first built on the lumber trade, with logs floated downriver. It later was developed for agriculture. In the 21st century, it is known for its commodity crop of asparagus. Oceana County is famous as the "Asparagus Capital of the World" for its high production of asparagus. The annual Asparagus Festival includes a parade and crowning of the Asparagus Queen.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (61%) is water.[7] The county is considered to be part of West Michigan. The county's western border is formed by Lake Michigan.

Adjacent counties

By land

By water

National protected area

Major highways

  • Script error: No such module "Jct". is a north–south freeway in the west of Oceana County. It passes Rothbury, New Era, Shelby, Mears, Hart, and Pentwater.
  • Script error: No such module "Jct". is a business spur serving downtown Hart.
  • Script error: No such module "Jct". is an east–west route in the south of the county. The highway's western terminus is at US 31 near New Era, and it continues easterly toward Hesperia, where it crosses into Newaygo County.
  • Script error: No such module "Jct". is a north–south highway that runs due north from the county tri-point with Muskegon and Newaygo counties to an intersection with M-20 at Hesperia.

County-designated highways

  • Script error: No such module "Jct". is a north–south county-designated highway that parallels the shoreline of Lake Michigan. The route enters the county from the south, and passes through Stony Lake and the Silver Lake area before ending at Pentwater.

Demographics

This rural county reached a peak of population in 2000. It has attracted Hispanic or Latino immigrants who mostly work as farm laborers; in 2010 nearly 14% of the population was Hispanic. <templatestyles src="US Census population/styles.css"/>

Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
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196016,547Script error: No such module "String".%
197017,984Script error: No such module "String".%
198022,002Script error: No such module "String".%
199022,454Script error: No such module "String".%
200026,873Script error: No such module "String".%
201026,570Script error: No such module "String".%
202026,659Script error: No such module "String".%
2025 (est.)27,177[8] IncreaseScript error: No such module "String".%
US Decennial Census:[9][10][11][12][1]

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File:Oceana MI Density.png
2020 population density of Oceana County MI by census block[13]

Racial and ethnic composition

Oceana County, Michigan – Racial and ethnic composition
<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[14] Pop 1990[15] Pop 2000[16] Pop 2010[17] Pop 2020[18] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 20,563 20,729 23,066 22,227 21,191 93.46% 92.32% 85.83% 83.65% 79.49%
Black or African American alone (NH) 42 58 77 100 123 0.19% 0.26% 0.29% 0.38% 0.46%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 221 222 242 212 195 1.00% 0.99% 0.90% 0.80% 0.73%
Asian alone (NH) 33 39 66 60 69 0.15% 0.17% 0.25% 0.23% 0.26%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [19] x [20] 8 4 4 x x 0.03% 0.02% 0.02%
Other race alone (NH) 11 16 8 20 79 0.05% 0.07% 0.03% 0.08% 0.30%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [21] x [22] 287 318 890 x x 1.07% 1.20% 3.34%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 1,132 1,390 3,119 3,629 4,108 5.14% 6.19% 11.61% 13.66% 15.41%
Total 22,002 22,454 26,873 26,570 26,659 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 26,659. The median age was 43.9 years. 22.6% of residents were under the age of 18 and 21.5% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 102.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 102.4 males age 18 and over.[23]

The racial makeup of the county was 83.5% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 1.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.3% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 6.3% from some other race, and 8.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 15.4% of the population.[24]

<0.1% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.[25]

There were 10,320 households in the county, of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 52.3% were married-couple households, 19.0% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 20.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[23]

There were 15,538 housing units, of which 33.6% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 81.5% were owner-occupied and 18.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5% and the rental vacancy rate was 6.3%.[23]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census[26] indicates Oceana County had a 2010 population of 26,570. This decrease of 303 people from the 2000 United States census represents a 1.1% population decrease in the decade. There were 10,174 households and 7,239 families in the county. The population density was 51.9 per square mile (20.0 square kilometers). There were 15,944 housing units at an average density of 31.1 per square mile (12.0 square kilometers). The racial and ethnic makeup of the county was 83.7% White, 0.4% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 13.7% Hispanic or Latino, 0.1% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races.

Of those households, 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were husband and wife families, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.8% were non-families, and 24.6% were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.04.[26]

The county population contained 24.9% under age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.[26]

2010 American Community Survey

The 2010 American Community Survey 3-year estimate[26] indicates the median income for a household in the county was $39,043 and the median income for a family was $46,816. Males had a median income of $21,774 versus $14,186 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,065. About 1.9% of families and 19.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.4% of those under the age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over.

Religion

Tourism

The Electric Forest Festival (formerly the Rothbury Music Festival) has been held annually in Rothbury, Michigan since 2008, except 2020 and 2021, due to COVID.[30]

Camping is a popular summer activity in Oceana County. Areas on the lakeshore such as Silver Lake, Pentwater, and Stony Lake are popular tourist sites.

Government

Oceana County has largely voted Republican through the years. Since 1884 its voters have selected the Republican Party nominee in 83% (30 of 36) of the national elections through 2024. Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresFoot Template:U.S. SenHead Template:U.S. SenRow Template:U.S. SenFoot Template:M.I. GovHead Template:M.I. GovRow Template:M.I. GovFoot Oceana County operates the County jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions – police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance etc. – are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Elected officials

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(information as of May 2021)[31]

Education

The West Shore Educational Service District, based in Ludington, services the districts in the county along with those of Mason and Lake counties. The intermediate school district offers regional special education and general education services, as well as technical career programs for its students.[32]

Oceana County is served by the following regular public school districts:[33]

Oceana County has the following private schools:[34]

  • New Era Christian School
  • Oceana Christian School (Baptist) [35]

Communities

City

Villages

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

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Townships

File:Oceana County, Michigan, Townships Population Chart.png
Oceana County, Michigan, Townships Population Chart
File:Oceana County, Michigan, Townships - Median Age Chart.png
Oceana County, Michigan, Townships - Median Age Chart
File:Oceana County, Michigan, Townships - High School Graduates or Higher Chart.png
Oceana County, Michigan, Townships - High School Graduates or Higher Chart
File:Oceana County, Michigan, Townships - Total Housing Units Chart.png
Oceana County, Michigan, Townships - Total Housing Units Chart
File:Oceana County, Michigan, Townships - Median Household Income Chart.png
Oceana County, Michigan, Townships - Median House Income Chart
File:Oceana County Townships - Percent Individuals Under Poverty Level Chart.png
Oceana County Townships - Percent Individuals Under Poverty Level

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See also

References

Notes

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  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  19. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  20. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  21. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  22. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  23. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Oceana County website: Government (accessed 22 September 2018)
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Sources

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External links

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