North 24 Parganas district

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North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east. Barasat is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district[1] and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.

History

Pre-independence

The territory of Greater 24 Parganas were under the Satgaon (ancient Saptagram, now in Hoogly district) administration during the Mughal era and later it was included in Hoogly chakla (district under post-Mughal Nawabi rule) during the rule of Murshid Quli Khan. In 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, Nawab Mir Jafar conferred the Zamindari of 24 parganas and janglimahals (small administrative units) upon the British East India Company. These Parganas are: 1. Akbarpur, 2. Amirpur, 3. Asimabad, 4. Balia, 5. Baridhati, 6. Basandhari, 7. Birati, 8. Calcutta, 9. Dakshin Sagar, 10. Garh, 11. Hathiagarh, 12. Ikhtiarpur, 13. Kharijuri, 14. Khaspur, 15. Maidanmal or Mednimall, 16. Magura, 17. Mayda, 18. Manpur, 19. Murnagacha, 20. Paika, 21. Pechakul, 22. Satal, 23. Shahnagar, 24. Shahpur, and 25. Uttar Pargana (O'Mally, L.S.S. (1914) Bengal District Gazetteers: 24 Parganas. Page 44). Since then, this entire territory is known as '24 Parganas'.

In 1751, the Company assigned John Zephaniah Holwell as zemindar of the District.[2] In 1759, after the Bengali War of 1756–1757, the Company assigned it to Lord Clive as a personal Jaghir (zamindari) and after his death it again came under the direct authority of the company.

In 1793, during the rule of Lord Cornwallis, entire Sunderbans were in Twentyfour Parganas. In 1802, some parganas on the western banks of river Hoogly were included into it. These parganas were in Nadia earlier. In 1814, a separate collectorate was established in Twenty-four Parganas. In 1817, Falta and Baranagar and in 1820, some portions of Nadia's Balanda and Anwarpur were encompassed to it. In 1824, portions of Barasat, Khulna and Bakhargunge (now in Bangladesh) were also included to it. In 1824, the district headquarters was shifted from Kolkata to Baruipur, but in 1828, it was removed to Alipore. In 1834, the district was split into two districts – Alipore and Barasat, but later these were united again.

In 1905, some portion of this district around the Sunderbans was detached and linked to Khulna and Barisal. These parts remained in Bangladesh territories where Jessore's Bangaon was joined to Twentyfour Pargana after the 1947 partition.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

After Independence

In 1980, an administrative reform committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Ashok Mitra suggested splitting the district into two and as per the recommendation of the committee in 1983, on 1 March 1986, two new districts – North 24 Parganas (24 PGS (N)) and South 24 Parganas (24 PGS (S)) were created. The North 24 Parganas which was included in the Presidency division has been formed with five sub-divisions of the Greater 24 Parganas, namely Barasat Sadar (Headquarters), Barrackpore, Basirhat, Bangaon, and Bidhannagar (a satellite township of Kolkata, popularly known as Salt Lake).

On 1 August 2022, the Chief Minister of West Bengal Mamata Banerjee announced to create two more districts named Ichamati district consisting of Bangaon subdivision and a yet unnamed district consisting of Basirhat subdivision by bifurcating the district for better development and smooth administration purpose.[3]

Geography

The district lies within the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta. The major distributary of river Ganga that is river Hooghly flows along the western border of the district. There are many other distributary branches, sub-branches of Ganga river and other local rivers, which include the Ichhamati, Jamuna, and Bidyadhari.

Economy

File:Omega & Infinity Benchmark.jpg
Omega and Infinity Benchmark, office buildings in Salt Lake, Kolkata
File:Bengal Intelligent Park - Kolkata 2011-08-29 4815.JPG
The Bengal Intelligent Park in Sector V.
File:Cognizant Technology Solutions office, Calcutta.jpg
The Cognizant Technology Solutions office in Sector V.

People are mainly engaged in farming, fishing and other agricultural activities. The average size of agricultural landholdings is about 3.2 Bighas. North 24 Parganas is one of the economically developed districts of West Bengal, but there is chronic poverty in the southern half of the district (the Sundarbans area).

The information technology hub of Kolkata is at this district, which is the centre of some of the notable IT/ITES Indian and multinational companies. Approximately 1,500 companies have their offices in Sector V.[4] Majority of the corporate offices are situated in Sector V and Sector III. Around 3.5 Lakh (by 2017) people are employed in Salt Lake City.

Divisions

Administrative subdivisions

File:North 24 Parganas Subdivision Map (en).svg
Administrative Map of North 24 Parganas

The district comprises five subdivisions: Barrackpore, Barasat Sadar, Basirhat, Bangaon and Bidhannagar.

Barasat is the district headquarters. There are 35 police stations, 22 development blocks, 27 municipalities, 200 gram panchayats and 1599 villages in this district.[5][6]

Other than municipality area, each subdivision contains community development blocks which in turn are divided into rural areas and census towns. In total there are 48 urban units: 27 municipalities and 20 census towns and 1 cantonment board.[6][7]

Barrackpore subdivision

Barasat Sadar subdivision

Bangaon subdivision

Basirhat subdivision

Bidhannagar subdivision

This subdivision consists of the[5] Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation.

Assembly constituencies

As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district is divided into 33 assembly constituencies:[11][12]

Sl. No. Name Lok Sabha constituency MLA Party
94 Bagdah (SC) Bangaon Madhuparna Thakur Template:Full party name with color
95 Bangaon Uttar (SC) Ashok Kirtania Template:Full party name with color
96 Bangaon Dakshin (SC) Swapan Majumder Template:Full party name with color
97 Gaighata (SC) Subrata Thakur Template:Full party name with color
98 Swarupnagar (SC) Bina Mondal Template:Full party name with color
99 Baduria Basirhat Abdur Rahim Quazi Template:Full party name with color
100 Habra Barasat Jyotipriya Mallick Template:Full party name with color
101 Ashokenagar Narayan Goswami Template:Full party name with color
102 Amdanga Barrackpore Rafiqur Rahaman Template:Full party name with color
103 Bijpur Subodh Adhikary Template:Full party name with color
104 Naihati Partha Bhowmick Template:Full party name with color
105 Bhatpara Pawan Singh Template:Full party name with color
106 Jagatdal Somenath Shyam Ichini Template:Full party name with color
107 Noapara Manju Basu Template:Full party name with color
108 Barrackpore Raj Chakraborty Template:Full party name with color
109 Khardaha Dum Dum Sovandeb Chattopadhyay Template:Full party name with color
110 Dum Dum Uttar Chandrima Bhattacharya Template:Full party name with color
111 Panihati Nirmal Ghosh Template:Full party name with color
112 Kamarhati Madan Mitra Template:Full party name with color
113 Baranagar Sayantika Banerjee Template:Full party name with color
114 Dum Dum Bratya Basu Template:Full party name with color
115 Rajarhat New Town Barasat Tapash Chatterjee Template:Full party name with color
116 Bidhannagar Sujit Bose Template:Full party name with color
117 Rajarhat Gopalpur Dum Dum Aditi Munshi Template:Full party name with color
118 Madhyamgram Barasat Rathin Ghosh Template:Full party name with color
119 Barasat Chiranjeet Chakraborty Template:Full party name with color
120 Deganga Rahima Mondal Template:Full party name with color
121 Haroa Basirhat Haji Nurul Islam Template:Full party name with color
122 Minakhan (SC) Usha Rani Mondal Template:Full party name with color
123 Sandeshkhali (ST) Sukumar Mahata Template:Full party name with color
124 Basirhat Dakshin Dr. Saptarshi Banerjee Template:Full party name with color
125 Basirhat Uttar Rafikul Islam Mondal Template:Full party name with color
126 Hingalganj (SC) Debes Mandal Template:Full party name with color

Education

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Universities

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Colleges

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Narula Institute of Technology

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Schools

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Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School

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Culture

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Dakshineswar Kali Temple
File:Bandhudal Sporting Club, Baranagar, idol 2018.jpg
Durga idol at a pandel in Baranagar

This district is rich in culture. Many famous places like Dakshineswar Kali Temple, Naihati Boro Maa Kali Temple, Baranagar Math[21] (first monastery of Ramakrishna Order) are situated in this district.

Many places of this district are famous for festivals –

The scale and intensity of Durga Puja celebrations in Basirhat are among the largest in North 24 Parganas district. In terms of the number of Durga Puja pandals, the city ranks fourth in West Bengal, following Kolkata, Siliguri, and Durgapur.[22][23] Other cities like Baranagar, Barrackpore, Bongaon are also organise many Durga Pujas.

File:Grand decoration in the pandel of Sobuj Sangha, Basirhat.jpg
Grand decorations reflecting the richness of art and culture of Basirhat's Durgapuja in Sobuj Sangha.

Kali Puja of Barasat, Madhyamgram and Naihati are also quite famous in whole West Bengal because of its large scale celebration. Habra, Barrackpore, Basirhat, Belgharia also celebrates Kali Puja vibrantly.

Ashoknagar Kalyangarh is famous for Jagatdhatri puja.

Transport

Railways

The electrified suburban rail network of the ER is extensive and penetrates far and deep into the neighbouring districts of Kolkata, South 24 Parganas, Nadia, Howrah, Hooghly etc.

The Circular Rail encircles the entire city of Kolkata, and also used to provide an offshoot to connect the Dum Dum Airport, but now it is limited up to Dum Dum Cantonment. Jessore Road and Biman Bandar railway stations are closed for the construction work of Noapara–Barasat metro corridor (Yellow Line).[24]

Kolkata Metro is also a transport medium for parts of the district. Four stations of Blue Line are located here, Dum Dum metro station at Dum Dum, Baranagar metro station at Baranagar, Dakshineswar metro station at Dakshineswar and Noapara metro station at Noapara.[25]

Airports

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File:Kolkata Airport New Terminal Outside view.JPG
Cityside view of the new Integrated Terminal of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport

The Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport (IATA code:CCU), which is at Dum Dum (previously known as Dum Dum Airport) in North 24 Parganas, is the only airport serving the city Kolkata. It operates both domestic and international flights. It is a gateway to North-East India, Bangkok, and Bangladesh. The number of people using the airport has consistently increased over the last few years.

Roadways

The road network is fairly well developed. Sparsed across by state-highways, it provides a convenient means of transport. NH 12 connects the district with northern and southern region of the state and its sub road NH 112 connect the district headquarter Barasat with the border town Bangaon and Petrapole, the largest land port of India.

Demographics

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According to the 2011 census North 24 Parganas district has a population of 10,009,781,[1][26] roughly equal to the nation of Bolivia[27] or the US state of Michigan.[28] This gave it a ranking of second in India (out of a total of 640) and first in its state.[1] However, in 2014 the Thane district (in Maharashtra), which had been ranked first in India in 2011, was divided into two, thus promoting North 24 Parganas District to first in India. The district has a population density of Script error: No such module "convert"..[1] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 12.86%.[1] North Twenty Four Parganas has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1000 males,[1] and a literacy rate of 84.95%. 57.28% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.67% and 2.64% of the population respectively.[1]

  • Population Density: 2959 per square km
  • Sex ratio: 982 females per 1000 males
  • Growth Rate (1991–2000): 24.64% (approximately 2.5% per annum)
  • Literacy rate (excluding 0–6 age group), in percentage: 87.66 (highest in West Bengal).[29]
    • Male: 93.14; Female: 81.81

Religion

Religion in North 24 Parganas district (2011)[30]
Hinduism
 
 73.46%
Islam
 
 25.82%
Other or not stated
 
 0.72%
Religion in present-day North 24 Parganas districtTemplate:Efn
Religion Population (1941)[31]Template:Rp Percentage (1941) Population (2011)[30] Percentage (2011)
Hinduism File:Om.svg 927,418 57.09% 7,396,769 73.76%
Islam File:Star and Crescent.svg 648,920 39.95% 2,584,684 25.52%
Tribal religion 41,105 2.53% 2,930 0.03%
OthersTemplate:Efn 6,994 0.43% 69,398 0.69%
Total Population 1,624,437 100% 10,009,781 100%

Hinduism is the main religion in the district, and especially dominates urban areas where they are nearly 90% of the population. Most Muslims are rural, and in the rural areas Hindus and Muslims are in equal proportions. In Bongaon and Sandeshkhali regions, Hindus, mainly descendants of refugees from present-day Bangladesh, dominate the rural population. But in the rest of the district, Muslims dominate the rural population.

Population by religion in CD blocks
CD Block Hindu Muslim Other
Bagdah 82.00% 17.42% 0.58%
Bongaon 78.17% 20.83% 1.00%
Gaighata 93.27% 6.42% 0.31%
Swarupnagar 52.17% 47.58% 0.25%
Habra I 73.51% 25.81% 0.68%
Habra II 53.85% 45.76% 0.39%
Amdanga 41.30% 58.48% 0.22%
Barrackpur I 84.38% 14.46% 1.15%
Barrackpur II 77.71% 21.45% 0.84%
Barasat I 57.10% 42.08% 0.49%
Barasat II 25.93% 73.81% 0.26%
Deganga 28.79% 70.92% 0.29%
Baduria 34.35% 65.48% 0.17%
Basirhat I 31.24% 68.54% 0.22%
Basirhat II 29.67% 70.10% 0.23%
Haroa 38.76% 61.12% 0.12%
Rajarhat 59.41% 39.90% 0.69%
Minakhan 48.77% 50.60% 0.63%
Sandeshkhali I 69.19% 30.42% 0.39%
Sandeshkhali II 77.17% 22.27% 0.55%
Hasnabad 43.35% 56.51% 0.14%
Hingalganj 87.97% 11.82% 0.21%
Area not under any Sub-district 89.17% 9.84% 0.99%

Languages

Template:Pie chart According to the 2011 census, 88.91% of the population spoke Bengali, 7.69% Hindi and 2.28% Urdu as their first language.[32]

Flora and fauna

The district is also home to the Bibhutibhushan Wildlife Sanctuary, which was established in 1985 and has an area of Script error: No such module "convert"..[33]

Health facilities

  • District Hospitals: 10 with 2500 beds
  • Sub Divisional Hospitals: 14 with 1870 beds
  • State General Hospitals: 18 with 1870 beds
  • ESI Hospital: 01 with 200 beds
  • Rural Hospitals: 07 with 228 beds
  • Block Primary Health Centers: 15

Notable people

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Citations

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links

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