Non-Hispanic whites

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Non-Hispanic Whites, also referred to as White Anglo Americans or Non-Latino Whites, are White Americans who are classified by the United States census as "White" and not of Hispanic or Latino origin.[2][3] According to annual estimates from the United States Census Bureau, as of July 1, 2023, non-Hispanic Whites comprised approximately 58.4% of the U.S. population.[4]

Although non-Hispanic Whites remain the largest single racial and ethnic group in the United States and still constitute a majority of the population, their share has declined significantly over the past eight decades. In 1940, they comprised approximately 89.8% of the total population, illustrating the extent of the demographic transformation that has occurred since the mid-20th century. This decline has been attributed to factors such as lower birth rates among White Americans, increased immigration from non-European regions, and broader sociocultural changes, including higher rates of interracial marriage and evolving patterns of racial self-identification.

The United States Census Bureau defines white to include European Americans, Middle Eastern Americans, and North African Americans.[5] Americans of European ancestry are divided into various ethnic groups. More than half of the white population are German, Irish, English, Italian, French and Polish Americans. Many Americans are also the product of other European groups that migrated to parts of the US in the 19th and 20th centuries, as the bulk of immigrants from various countries in Northern, Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe, as well as the Caucasus region, migrated to the United States.

The Non-Hispanic White population was heavily derived from British, as well as French settlement of the Americas, in addition to settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans (see Pennsylvania Dutch), Swiss, Belgians, Dutch, Austrians, and Swedes that began in the 17th century (see History of the United States). The early Spanish presence in the country contributed a certain degree of that ancestry to the white population in parts of the south and southwest, as many Americans of Isleño, Basque, or other colonial Spanish heritage do not necessarily identify as "Hispanic or Latino" on the census, or are interchangeable with the "non-Hispanic White" category, as they lack any ties to Latin America, or recent ties to Spain.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Population growth since the early 19th century to the end of the 20th century is attributed to sustained high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike. Population growth has slowed in the 21st century. There has also been periodic massive immigration from European and West Asian countries, especially Germany, Ireland, Italy, Greece, the Netherlands, France, as well as Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Czech Republic, the countries that were a part of the former Ottoman Empire (Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria), Portugal, Serbia, Croatia, Hungary, Ukraine, Armenia, and Iran. Significant migration of Jews of European, North African, and Middle Eastern descent into the United States is also notable.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The classification is also typically used to refer to an English-speaking American, in distinction to Spanish speakers.[6] In some parts of the country,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". the term Anglo-American is used to refer to non-Hispanic white English speakers as distinct from Spanish (and Portuguese or Italian) speakers, although the term is more frequently used to refer to people of perceived British or English descent.[7][8][9]

History

Early history

File:Immigration to the United States over time by region.svg
Immigration to the United States over time by region. From after the Hart–Celler Act was passed, European migration became significantly dwarfed by non-European immigration especially from Latin America and Asia in particular.

The first Europeans who came to present United States or Canada were Norse explorers around the year 1000;[10] however, they were ultimately absorbed or killed off, leaving no permanent settlements behind.[11] In the 1500s, Spain founded several settlements in the contiguous United States, like San Agustín. Later, Pilgrims and colonists came in the 1600s along the East Coast, mainly from England, in search of economic opportunities and religious freedom.[12] Over time emigrants from Europe settled the coastal regions developing a commercial economy. Between one-half and two-thirds of White immigrants to the American colonies between the 1630s and American Revolution had come as indentured servants.[13] The total number of European immigrants to all 13 colonies before 1775 was about 500,000; of these 55,000 were involuntary prisoners. Of the 450,000 or so European arrivals who came voluntarily, an estimated 48% were indentured.[14]

Post-American Revolution

By the time of American Revolution there were about 2.5 million Whites in the colonies.[15] The white population was largely of English, Irish, Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, Dutch and French Huguenot descent at the time.[16] Between the revolution and the 1820s there was relatively little immigration to the United States. Starting after the 1820s large scale migration to the United States began and lasted until the 1920s.[17] Many of the newcomers were Catholics of Irish,[18] Italian,[19] and Polish[20] descent which lead to a nativist backlash. Some Americans worried about the growing Catholic population and wanted to maintain the United States as an Anglo Saxon Protestant nation.[21][22] Over the course of the 19th century, European mass emigration to the United States and high birthrates grew the white population.[23][24][25]

After the American Revolution, white Americans settled the entire nation west of Appalachian Mountains, ultimately displacing the Natives and populating the entire country by the late 19th century. All immigration to the United States declined markedly between the mid-1920s until the 1960s due to a combination of immigration laws, the Great Depression, and World War II.[26] Waves of Jewish, Syrian, and Lebanese immigration also occurred around this time.[27][28][29]

Contemporary era

Since 1965 white migration to the United States has been relatively minor compared to other racial and ethnic groups. During the 1990s there was a moderate increase from former communist countries of the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union.[30] At the same time birthrates amongst Whites have fallen below replacement level.[31] In 1980, non-Hispanic whites made up about 80 percent of the U.S. population, but that number has declined sharply in recent years.[32] It is projected that white people will become a minority by 2045.[33]

Culture

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". White Americans have developed their own music, art, cuisine, fashion, and political economy largely based on a combination of traditional European ones.[34][35] Today, the majority of White Americans are Protestants, although there are also large groups of Catholics and Jews throughout the population.[36] Many Europeans often Anglicized their names and over time most Europeans adopted English as their primary language and intermarried with other white groups.[37][38]

Cuisine

White Americans have been found to eat more vegetables and trend toward higher alcohol consumption than other ethnic groups.[39]

Sports

File:Babe Ruth2.jpg
Babe Ruth, a famous white baseball player in the early 20th century

Baseball has been a mainstay of white American culture since the 1860s Civil War, contributing to nationwide melting pot dynamics. The sport had elements of racial segregation until the late 20th century, with emphasis on North-South reconciliation in the Civil War's aftermath resulting in the sport being mainly used to unify white people.[40] The unwritten rules of baseball have also sometimes been used to assert an American standard of self-restraint that nonwhite people have often allegedly failed to uphold.[41][42]

Demographics

File:Non-Hispanic White Americans population pyramid in 2020.svg
Non-Hispanic White population pyramid in 2020

Population

Non-Hispanic Whites are the largest racial and ethnic group in America, being the majority of America's population at 58.4%.[43] Although the percentage has been declining in the last few decades, from 89.5% in 1950 to 59.3% in 2022.[44][43] According to generational data from the 2020 census, the racial diversity of each age group is increasing. White non-Hispanics make up 77% of the population over the age of 75, 67% of the population between the ages of 55 and 64, 55% of the population between the ages of 35 and 44, and just 50% of the population between the ages of 18 and 24.[32] In actuality, Non-Hispanic whites have still been growing. Between 2000 and 2010, the Non-Hispanic White population grew from 194,552,774 to 196,817,552. This was a growth of 1.2% over the 10-year period, due to population momentum.[45] The population continued to grow to 196,817,552 in 2010 to 197,639,521 in 2022.[43]

White population in America from 1980 - 2020[43][45][46][47][48]
Year Total Population Percentage of the American population Actual Increase
1980 180,256,103 79.6%
1990 Increase188,128,296 Decrease75.6% Increase4.36%
2000 Increase194,552,774 Decrease69.1% Increase3.41%
2010 Increase196,817,552 Decrease63.7% Increase1.16%
2020 Decrease191,697,647 Decrease57.8% Decrease2.60%
2022(est.) Increase192,153,070 Decrease57.7% Increase0.23%
File:Non-Hispanic White population pyramid from 1990 to 2020.gif
Non-Hispanic White population pyramid from 1990 to 2020

The reason for falling percentage of non-Latino/Hispanic white Americans in the last century is due to multiple factors:

1. Non-European Immigration. The United States has the largest number of immigrants in the world, with the vast majority coming from countries where the population is of non-White and/or Latin American origin. Immigration to the United States from European countries has been in a steady decline since World War II averaging 56% of all immigrants in the 1950s and declining to 35% of all immigrants in the 1960s, 20% in the 1970s, 11% in the 1980s, 14% in the 1990s, and 13% in the 2000s. In 2009, approximately 90% of all immigrants came from non-European countries.[49] The United States does receive a small number of non-Latino White immigrants, mainly from countries such as Canada, Poland, Russia, and the UK.[50]

2. Intermarriage. The United States is seeing an unprecedented increase in intermarriage between the various racial and ethnic groups. In 2008, a record 14.6% of all new marriages in the United States were between spouses of a different race or ethnicity from one another. 9% of non-Latino whites who married in 2008 married either a non-White or Latino. Among all newlyweds in 2008, intermarried pairings were primarily white-Latino of any race (41%) as compared to white-Asian (15%), white-black (11%), and other combinations (33%). Other combinations consists of pairings between different minority groups, multi-racial people, and Native Indigenous Americans.[51] The children of such unions would not automatically be classified as white non-Latino. One self-identifies his or her racial and/or ethnic category.

3. Methodology. In the 2000 Census, people were allowed to check more than one race in addition to choosing "Latino". There was strong opposition to this from some civil rights activists who feared that this would reduce the size of various racial minorities. The government responded by counting those who are white and of one minority race or ethnicity as minorities for the purposes of civil-rights monitoring and enforcement. Hence one could be 1/8th Black and still be counted as a minority.[52] Also, because this does not apply to Latino origin (one is either Latino or not, but cannot be both Latino and non-Latino), the offspring of Latinos and non-Latinos are usually counted as Latino.[53] In 2017, the Pew Research Center reported that high intermarriage rates and declining Latin American immigration has led to 11% of US adults with Latino ancestry (5.0 million people) to no longer identify as Latino.[54] First-generation immigrants from Latin America identify themselves as "Latino" at a very high rate (97%), which slowly falls in each succeeding generation (in the second generation, to 92%; in the third, to 77%; and in the fourth, to 50%).[54]

4. Decrease. Minority populations are younger than non-Latino Whites. The national median age in 2011 was 37.3 years, with non-Latino Whites having the oldest median age (42.3); by contrast, Latinos had the youngest median age (27.6). Non-Latino Blacks (32.9) and non-Latino Asians (35.9) also are younger than whites.[55] In 2013, the Census Bureau reported that for the first time, due to the more advanced age profile of the non-Latino White population, non-Latino Whites died at a faster rate than non-Latino White births.[56]

Births

In 2011, for the first time in American history, Non-Hispanic Whites accounted for fewer than half of the births in the country, accounting for 49.6% of total births.[57] This increased to 51.5% in 2021, regaining the majority in the process.[58] This is likely due to the birth rate declining among people of color. For example, between 1990 and 2010, the birth rate declined 29% among Blacks, 25 percent among Asians, 21% among Hispanics, but only 5% among White people.[59] If this trend continues the White birth rate will surpass the Black birth rate in a few years.

A total of 1,887,656 babies were born in 2021, a 2.39% increase from 2020. Additionally, researchers found that the White fertility rate increased from 1.551 in 2020 to 1.598 in 2021, the first substantial rise since 2014.[60] Although the exact reason of why the number of births rose in 2021 is unknown, a study showed that the uptick in births came among college-educated women and native-born Americans.[61] Despite the increase, it is still below the replacement level of 2.100.

According to an analysis released in 2023 by William H. Frey, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, only 47 percent of American children are non-Hispanic white.[32]

Number of White births from 2016 to 2024[60]
Year Number of Births General Fertility Rate Birth Rate Total Fertility Rate Share of U.S. births
2016 Template:Ns 2,056,332 Template:Ns 58.8 Template:Ns 10.5 Template:Ns 1.72 Template:Ns 52.1%
2017 Decrease 1,992,461 Decrease 57.2 Decrease 10.2 Decrease 1.67 Decrease 51.7%
2018 Decrease 1,956,413 Decrease 56.3 Decrease 10.0 Decrease 1.64 Decrease 51.6%
2019 Decrease 1,915,912 Decrease 55.3 Decrease 9.8 Decrease 1.61 Decrease 51.1%
2020 Decrease 1,843,432 Decrease 53.0 Decrease 9.4 Decrease 1.55 Decrease 51.0%
2021 Increase 1,887,656 Increase 54.4 Increase 9.7 Increase 1.60 Increase 51.5%
2022 Decrease 1,840,739 Decrease 53.1 Decrease 9.5 Decrease 1.57 Decrease 50.2%
2023 Decrease 1,787,051 Decrease 51.7 Decrease 9.2 Decrease 1.51 Decrease 49.7%
2024 Decrease 1,780,377 Steady 51.7 Decrease 49.1%

Religion

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Population

In 2014, the religious majority among Whites were Christians at 70%, more specifically, Protestants at 48%. However, there are also large groups of Catholics and Jews. Furthermore, 34% of White Americans go to religious services weekly, and an additional 32% go to religious services once or twice a month.[62] Although historically, White Christians made up the majority of the American population, the number of White Christians has now plateaued at about 44% of the country's population.[63]

Population by settlement

White alone non-Latino population by state or territory (1990–2020)[64][65][66][67][68]
State/Territory Pop 1990 % pop
1990		 Pop 2000 % pop
2000		 Pop 2010 % pop
2010		 Pop 2020 % pop
2020		 % growth
2010-2020		 % pop
1990-2020
Template:Flagicon Alabama 2,960,167 73.3% 3,125,819 70.3% 3,204,402 67.0% 3,171,351 63.1% -1.0% -11.0%
Template:Flagicon Alaska 406,722 73.9% 423,788 67.6% 455,320 64.1% 421,758 57.5% -7.4% -22.2%
Template:Flagicon Arizona 2,626,185 71.7% 3,274,258 63.8% 3,695,647 57.8% 3,816,547 53.4% +3.3% -25.5%
Template:Flagicon Arkansas 1,933,082 82.2% 2,100,135 78.6% 2,173,469 74.5% 2,063,550 68.5% -5.0% -16.7%
Template:Flagicon California 17,029,126 57.2% 15,816,790 46.7% 14,956,253 40.1% 13,714,587 34.7% -8.3% -39.3%
Template:Flagicon Colorado 2,658,945 80.7% 3,202,880 74.5% 3,520,793 70.0% 3,760,663 65.1% +6.8% -19.3%
Template:Flagicon Connecticut 2,754,184 83.8% 2,638,845 77.5% 2,546,262 71.2% 2,279,232 63.2% -10.5% -24.6%
Template:Flagicon Delaware 528,092 79.3% 567,973 72.5% 586,752 65.3% 579,851 58.6% -1.2% -26.1%
Template:Flagicon District of Columbia 166,131 27.4% 159,178 27.8% 209,464 34.8% 261,771 38.0% +25.0% +38.7%
Template:Flagicon Florida 9,475,326 73.2% 10,458,509 65.4% 10,884,722 57.9% 11,100,503 51.5% +1.2% -29.6%
Template:Flagicon Georgia 4,543,425 70.1% 5,128,661 62.6% 5,413,920 55.9% 5,362,156 50.1% -1.0% -28.5%
Template:Flagicon Hawaii 347,644 31.4% 277,091 22.9% 309,343 22.7% 314,365 21.6% +1.6% -31.2%
Template:Flagicon Idaho 928,661 92.2% 1,139,291 88.0% 1,316,243 84.0% 1,450,523 78.9% +10.2% -11.4%
Template:Flagicon Illinois 8,550,208 74.8% 8,424,140 67.8% 8,167,753 63.7% 7,472,751 58.3% -8.5% -22.1%
Template:Flagicon Indiana 4,965,242 89.6% 5,219,373 85.8% 5,286,453 81.5% 5,121,004 75.5% -0.4% -15.7%
Template:Flagicon Iowa 2,663,840 95.9% 2,710,344 92.6% 2,701,123 88.7% 2,638,201 82.7% -6.8% -10.9%
Template:Flagicon Kansas 2,190,524 88.4% 2,233,997 83.1% 2,230,539 78.2% 2,122,575 72.3% -4.9% -18.3%
Template:Flagicon Kentucky 3,378,022 91.7% 3,608,013 89.3% 3,745,655 86.3% 3,664,764 81.3% -2.2% -11.3%
Template:Flagicon Louisiana 2,776,022 65.8% 2,794,391 62.5% 2,734,884 60.3% 2,596,702 55.8% -5.1% -15.2%
Template:Flagicon Maine 1,203,357 98.0% 1,230,297 96.5% 1,254,297 94.4% 1,228,264 90.2% -2.1% -8.0%
Template:Flagicon Maryland 3,326,109 69.6% 3,286,547 62.1% 3,157,958 54.7% 2,913,782 47.2% -7.7% -32.2%
Template:Flagicon Massachusetts 5,280,292 87.8% 5,198,359 81.9% 4,984,800 76.1% 4,748,897 67.6% -4.7% -23.0%
Template:Flagicon Michigan 7,649,951 82.3% 7,806,691 78.6% 7,569,939 76.6% 7,295,651 72.4% -3.6% -12%
Template:Flagicon Minnesota 4,101,266 93.7% 4,337,143 88.2% 4,405,142 83.1% 4,353,880 76.3% -1.2% -15.3%
Template:Flagicon Mississippi 1,624,198 63.1% 1,727,908 60.7% 1,722,287 58.0% 1,639,077 55.4% -4.8% -12.2%
Template:Flagicon Missouri 4,448,465 86.9% 4,686,474 83.8% 4,850,748 81.0% 4,663,907 75.8% -3.9% -12.8%
Template:Flagicon Montana 733,878 91.8% 807,823 89.5% 868,628 87.8% 901,318 83.1% +3.8% -9.5%
Template:Flagicon Nebraska 1,460,095 92.5% 1,494,494 87.3% 1,499,753 82.1% 1,484,687 75.7% -1.0% -28.2%
Template:Flagicon Nevada 1,929,661 78.7% 1,303,001 65.2% 1,462,081 54.1% 1,425,952 45.9% -3.5% -41.7%
Template:Flagicon New Hampshire 1,079,484 97.3% 1,175,252 95.1% 1,215,050 92.3% 1,200,649 87.2% -1.2% -10.4%
Template:Flagicon New Jersey 5,718,966 74.0% 5,557,209 66.0% 5,214,878 59.3% 4,816,381 51.9% -7.6% -30%
Template:Flagicon New Mexico 764,164 50.4% 813,495 44.7% 833,810 40.5% 772,952 36.5% -7.3% -26.6%
Template:Flagicon New York 12,460,189 69.3% 11,760,981 62.0% 11,304,247 58.3% 10,598,907 52.5% -6.4% -24.2%
Template:Flagicon North Carolina 4,971,127 75.0% 5,647,155 70.2% 6,223,995 65.3% 6,312,148 60.5% +1.4% -19.3 pp
Template:Flagicon North Dakota 601,592 94.2% 589,149 91.7% 598,007 88.9% 636,160 81.7% +6.4% -13.1%
Template:Flagicon Ohio 9,444,622 87.1% 9,538,111 84.0% 9,359,263 81.1% 8,954,135 75.9% -4.3% -12.9%
Template:Flagicon Oklahoma 2,547,588 81.0% 2,556,368 74.1% 2,575,381 68.7% 2,407,188 60.8% -6.5% -25%
Template:Flagicon Oregon 2,579,732 90.8% 2,857,616 83.5% 3,005,848 78.5% 3,036,158 71.7% +1.0% -21.0%
Template:Flagicon Pennsylvania 10,422,058 87.7% 10,322,455 84.1% 10,094,652 79.5% 9,553,417 73.5% -5.4% -16.2%
Template:Flagicon Rhode Island 896,109 89.3% 858,433 81.9% 803,685 76.4% 754,050 68.7% -6.2% -23.1%
Template:Flagicon South Carolina 2,390,056 68.5% 2,652,291 66.1% 2,962,740 64.1% 3,178,552 62.1% +7.3% -9.3%
Template:Flagicon South Dakota 634,788 91.2% 664,585 88.0% 689,502 84.7% 705,583 79.6% +2.3% -12.7%
Template:Flagicon Tennessee 4,027,631 82.6% 4,505,930 79.2% 4,800,782 75.6% 4,900,246 70.9% +2.1% -14.2%
Template:Flagicon Texas 10,291,680 60.6% 10,933,313 52.4% 11,397,345 45.3% 11,584,597 39.8% +1.6% -34.5%
Template:Flagicon Utah 1,571,254 91.2% 1,904,265 85.3% 2,221,719 80.4% 2,465,355 75.4% +11.0% -17.3%
Template:Flagicon Vermont 552,184 98.1% 585,431 96.2% 590,223 94.3% 573,201 89.1% -2.9% -9.2%
Template:Flagicon Virginia 4,701,650 76.0% 4,965,637 70.2% 5,186,450 64.8% 5,058,363 58.6% -2.5% -29.9%
Template:Flagicon Washington 4,221,622 86.7% 4,652,490 78.9% 4,876,804 72.5% 4,918,820 63.8% +0.9% -26.4%
Template:Flagicon West Virginia 1,718,896 95.8% 1,709,966 94.6% 1,726,256 93.2% 1,598,834 89.1% -7.4% -7.0%
Template:Flagicon Wisconsin 4,464,677 91.3% 4,681,630 87.3% 4,738,411 83.3% 4,634,018 78.6% -2.2% -13.9%
Template:Flagicon Wyoming 412,711 91.0% 438,799 88.9% 483,874 85.9% 469,664 81.4% -2.9% -10.5%
Template:Flagicon American Samoa 682 1.2% 611 1.1%
Template:Flagicon Guam 10,666 6.9% 11,001 6.9%
Template:Flagicon Northern Mariana Islands 1,274 1.8% 916 1.7%
Template:Flagicon Puerto Rico 33,966 0.9% 26,946 0.7% 24,548 0.8% -8.9%
Template:Flagicon U.S. Virgin Islands 8,580 7.9% 3,830 3.6%
Template:Flagicon United States of America 188,128,296 75.6% 194,552,774 69.1% 196,817,552 63.7% 191,697,647 57.8% -2.6% –23.5%

Historical population by state or territory

Template:Table alignment

Non-Mexican white (1910–1930) and non-Latino white % of population (1940–2020) by US state[69][70][71][72]
State/Territory 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950[73] 1960[73] 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Template:Flagicon Alabama 57.5% 61.6% 64.3% 65.3% 73.3% 73.3% 73.3% 70.3% 67.0% 65.1%
Template:Flagicon Alaska 48.3% 77.2% 75.8% 73.9% 67.6% 64.1% 59.6%
Template:Flagicon Arizona 59.9% 60.7% 60.7% 65.1% 70.2% 74.9% 74.3% 74.5% 71.7% 63.8% 57.8% 53.8%
Template:Flagicon Arkansas 71.8% 73.0% 74.1% 75.2% 81.0% 82.2% 82.2% 78.6% 74.5% 71.7%
Template:Flagicon California 93.0% 91.7% 88.8% 89.5% 86.5% 82.9% 76.3% 66.6% 57.2% 46.7% 40.1% 35.9%
Template:Flagicon Colorado 97.6% 96.8% 92.8% 90.3% 88.9% 88.0% 84.6% 82.7% 80.7% 74.5% 70.0% 67.4%
Template:Flagicon Connecticut 98.6% 98.4% 98.1% 97.9% 91.4% 88.0% 83.8% 77.5% 71.2% 65.3%
Template:Flagicon Delaware 84.6% 86.4% 86.3% 86.4% 84.1% 81.3% 79.3% 72.5% 65.3% 61.1%
Template:Flagicon District of Columbia 71.3% 74.7% 72.7% 71.4% 26.5% 25.7% 27.4% 27.8% 34.8% 37.7%
Template:Flagicon Florida 58.9% 65.9% 70.5% 71.5% 77.9% 76.7% 73.2% 65.4% 57.9% 53.1%
Template:Flagicon Georgia 54.9% 58.3% 63.2% 65.2% 73.4% 71.6% 70.1% 62.6% 55.9% 51.6%
Template:Flagicon Hawaii 22.6% 38.0% 31.1% 31.4% 22.9% 22.7% 21.4%
Template:Flagicon Idaho 98.0% 98.3% 98.3% 98.4% 95.9% 93.9% 92.2% 88.0% 84.0% 81.4%
Template:Flagicon Illinois 98.0% 97.1% 95.2% 94.7% 83.5% 78.0% 74.8% 67.8% 63.7% 60.4%
Template:Flagicon Indiana 97.7% 97.2% 96.2% 96.3% 91.7% 90.2% 89.6% 85.8% 81.5% 78.0%
Template:Flagicon Iowa 99.3% 99.1% 99.1% 99.2% 98.0% 96.9% 95.9% 92.6% 88.7% 84.5%
Template:Flagicon Kansas 96.1% 95.7% 95.3% 95.6% 92.7% 90.5% 88.4% 83.1% 78.2% 75.1%
Template:Flagicon Kentucky 88.6% 90.2% 91.3% 92.5% 92.4% 91.7% 91.7% 89.3% 86.3% 83.9%
Template:Flagicon Louisiana 56.7% 60.8% 62.7% 63.7% 68.2% 67.6% 65.8% 62.5% 60.3% 58.1%
Template:Flagicon Maine 99.7% 99.7% 99.7% 99.7% 99.1% 98.3% 98.0% 96.5% 94.4% 92.7%
Template:Flagicon Maryland 82.0% 83.1% 83.0% 83.3% 80.4% 73.9% 69.6% 62.1% 54.7% 49.5%
Template:Flagicon Massachusetts 98.8% 98.7% 98.7% 98.6% 95.4% 92.3% 87.8% 81.9% 76.1% 70.5%
Template:Flagicon Michigan 99.1% 98.1% 96.0% 95.7% 87.1% 84.1% 82.3% 78.6% 76.6% 74.5%
Template:Flagicon Minnesota 99.2% 99.2% 99.0% 99.0% 97.7% 96.1% 93.7% 88.2% 83.1% 78.6%
Template:Flagicon Mississippi 43.7% 47.7% 49.6% 50.6% 62.6% 63.6% 63.1% 60.7% 58.0% 56.3%
Template:Flagicon Missouri 95.1% 94.6% 93.6% 93.4% 88.6% 87.7% 86.9% 83.8% 81.0% 79.0%
Template:Flagicon Montana 95.9% 97.3% 96.2% 96.2% 94.7% 93.4% 91.8% 89.5% 87.8% 85.7%
Template:Flagicon Nebraska 99.0% 98.5% 98.2% 98.2% 95.2% 94.0% 92.5% 87.3% 82.1% 77.8%
Template:Flagicon Nevada 89.7% 89.7% 89.4% 91.6% 86.7% 83.2% 78.7% 65.2% 54.1% 47.4%
Template:Flagicon New Hampshire 99.8% 99.8% 99.8% 99.9% 99.1% 98.4% 97.3% 95.1% 92.3% 89.4%
Template:Flagicon New Jersey 96.4% 96.2% 94.8% 94.3% 84.7% 79.1% 74.0% 66.0% 59.3% 54.1%
Template:Flagicon New Mexico 86.6% 83.8% 78.4% 50.9% 56.0% 63.8% 53.8% 52.6% 50.4% 44.7% 40.5% 36.4%
Template:Flagicon New York 98.4% 97.9% 96.5% 94.6% 80.1% 75.0% 69.3% 62.0% 58.3% 55.0%
Template:Flagicon North Carolina 68.0% 69.7% 70.5% 71.9% 76.5% 75.3% 75.0% 70.2% 65.3% 62.3%
Template:Flagicon North Dakota 98.8% 98.9% 98.6% 98.3% 96.9% 95.5% 94.2% 91.7% 88.9% 83.3%
Template:Flagicon Ohio 97.6% 96.7% 95.3% 95.0% 89.8% 88.2% 87.1% 84.0% 81.1% 78.0%
Template:Flagicon Oklahoma 87.0% 89.4% 88.6% 89.9% 88.1% 85.0% 81.0% 74.1% 68.7% 64.4%
Template:Flagicon Oregon 97.3% 98.1% 98.2% 98.6% 95.8% 93.3% 90.8% 83.5% 78.5% 71.7%
Template:Flagicon Pennsylvania 97.4% 96.7% 95.4% 95.1% 90.3% 89.1% 87.7% 84.1% 79.5% 73.5%
Template:Flagicon Rhode Island 98.1% 98.3% 98.5% 98.3% 96.1% 93.4% 89.3% 81.9% 76.4% 68.7%
Template:Flagicon South Carolina 44.8% 48.6% 54.3% 57.1% 69.0% 68.3% 68.5% 66.1% 64.1% 62.1%
Template:Flagicon South Dakota 96.8% 97.3% 96.6% 96.2% 94.6% 92.3% 91.2% 88.0% 84.7% 79.6%
Template:Flagicon Tennessee 78.3% 80.7% 81.7% 82.5% 83.7% 83.1% 82.6% 79.2% 75.6% 70.9%
Template:Flagicon Texas 76.4% 75.7% 73.5% 74.1% 73.8% 72.6% 69.6% 65.7% 60.6% 52.4% 45.3% 39.7%
Template:Flagicon Utah 98.1% 98.1% 97.7% 98.2% 93.6% 92.4% 91.2% 85.3% 80.4% 75.4%
Template:Flagicon Vermont 99.5% 99.8% 99.8% 99.7% 99.2% 98.5% 98.1% 96.2% 94.3% 92.2%
Template:Flagicon Virginia 67.4% 70.1% 73.1% 75.3% 80.1% 78.2% 76.0% 70.2% 64.8% 58.6%
Template:Flagicon Washington 97.1% 97.3% 97.3% 97.7% 93.6% 90.2% 86.7% 78.9% 72.5% 63.8%
Template:Flagicon West Virginia 94.7% 94.1% 93.3% 93.7% 95.7% 95.6% 95.8% 94.6% 93.2% 89.1%
Template:Flagicon Wisconsin 99.4% 99.4% 99.1% 99.2% 95.6% 93.6% 91.3% 87.3% 83.3% 78.6%
Template:Flagicon Wyoming 95.9% 96.8% 94.9% 95.9% 92.1% 92.0% 91.0% 88.9% 85.9% 81.4%
Template:Flagicon Puerto Rico 0.9% 0.7% 0.8%
Template:Flagicon United States of America 88.5% 89.0% 88.7% 88.4% 87.5% 85.4% 83.5% 79.6% 75.6% 69.1% 63.7% 57.8%

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary: "Anglo" North American A white English-speaking person of British or northern European origin, in particular (in the U.S.) as distinct from a Hispanic American or (in Canada) as distinct from a French-speaker.
  8. ↑ Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of Anglo in English: It is defined as a synonym for Anglo-American--Page 86
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ uh to Coming to America: Who Was First?
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Galenson 1984: 1
  14. ↑ Christopher Tomlins, "Reconsidering Indentured Servitude: European Migration and the Early American Labor Force, 1600–1775," Labor History (2001) 42#1 pp 5–43, at p.
  15. ↑ Wells, R. V. (2015). Population of the British Colonies in America Before 1776: A Survey of Census Data. Princeton University Press.
  16. ↑ Szucs, L. D., & Luebking, S. H. (Eds.). (2006). The source: A guidebook to American genealogy. Ancestry Publishing.
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Byrne, James Patrick, Philip Coleman, Jason Francis King, ed. Ireland and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2008. (pg. 31-34) Template:ISBN
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Tolnay, S. E., Graham, S. N., & Guest, A. M. (1982). Own-child estimates of US white fertility, 1886–99. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 15(3), 127-138.
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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