List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry

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File:AlfredNobel adjusted.jpg
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Template:Langx) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, who died in 1896. These prizes are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[1] As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.[2] The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years.[3] In 1901, van 't Hoff received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.[4]

At least 25 laureates have received the Nobel Prize for contributions in the field of organic chemistry, more than any other field of chemistry.[5] Two Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry, Germans Richard Kuhn (1938) and Adolf Butenandt (1939), were not allowed by their government to accept the prize. They would later receive a medal and diploma, but not the money. Frederick Sanger is one out of three laureates to be awarded the Nobel Prize twice in the same subject, in 1958 and 1980. John Bardeen, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 and 1972, and Karl Barry Sharpless, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2001 and 2022, are the others. Two others have won Nobel Prizes twice, one in chemistry and one in another subject: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (physics in 1903, chemistry in 1911) and Linus Pauling (chemistry in 1954, peace in 1962).[6] As of 2023, the prize has been awarded to 192 individuals, including eight women (Maria Skłodowska-Curie being the first to be awarded in 1911).[7]

There have been eight years for which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was not awarded (1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940–42). There were also nine years for which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was delayed for one year. The Prize was not awarded in 1914, as the Nobel Committee for Chemistry decided that none of that year's nominations met the necessary criteria, but was awarded to Theodore William Richards in 1915 and counted as the 1914 prize.[8] This precedent was followed for the 1918 prize awarded to Fritz Haber in 1919,[9] the 1920 prize awarded to Walther Nernst in 1921,[10] the 1921 prize awarded to Frederick Soddy in 1922,[11] the 1925 prize awarded to Richard Zsigmondy in 1926,[12] the 1927 prize awarded to Heinrich Otto Wieland in 1928,[13] the 1938 prize awarded to Richard Kuhn in 1939,[14] the 1943 prize awarded to George de Hevesy in 1944,[15] and the 1944 prize awarded to Otto Hahn in 1945.[16]

In 2020, Ioannidis et al. reported that half of the Nobel Prizes for science awarded between 1995 and 2017 were clustered in just a few disciplines within their broader fields. Atomic physics, particle physics, cell biology, and neuroscience dominated the two subjects outside chemistry, while molecular chemistry was the chief prize-winning discipline in its domain. Molecular chemists won 5.3% of all science Nobel Prizes during this period.[17]

Laureates

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Year Image Laureate[A] Nationality[B] Rationale[C] Ref
1901 File:Vant Hoff.jpg Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
(1852–1911) 		Template:Flagdeco Dutch "[for his] discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions" [18]
1902 File:Hermann Emil Fischer c1895.jpg Hermann Emil Fischer
(1852–1919) 		Template:Flagdeco German "[for] his work on sugar and purine syntheses" [19]
1903 File:Arrhenius2.jpg Svante August Arrhenius
(1859–1927) 		Template:Flagdeco Swedish "[for] his electrolytic theory of dissociation" [20]
1904 File:William Ramsay.jpg Sir William Ramsay
(1852–1916) 		Template:Flagdeco British "[for his] discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system" [21]
1905 File:Adolf von Baeyer (1905).jpg Adolf von Baeyer
(1835–1917) 		Template:Flagdeco German "[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" [22]
1906 File:Henri Moissan.jpg Henri Moissan
(1852–1907) 		Template:Flagdeco French "[for his] investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for [the] electric furnace called after him" [23]
1907 File:Eduard Buchner (Nobel 1907).jpg Eduard Buchner
(1860–1917) 		Template:Flagdeco German "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation" [24]
1908 File:Ernest Rutherford (Nobel).jpg Ernest Rutherford
(1871–1937) 		Template:Flagdeco New Zealander "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances" [25]
1909 File:Ostwald.jpg Wilhelm Ostwald
(1853–1932) 		Template:Flagdeco German "[for] his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction" [26]
1910 File:Otto Wallach.jpg Otto Wallach
(1847–1931) 		Template:Flagdeco German "[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds" [27]
1911 File:Marie Curie (Nobel-Chem).jpg Marie Curie, née Skłodowska
(1867–1934) 		Template:Flagdeco Polish
Template:Flagdeco French 		"[for] the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element" [28]
1912 File:Victor Grignard.jpg Victor Grignard
(1871–1935) 		Template:Flagdeco French "for the discovery of the [...] Grignard reagent" [29]
File:Paul Sabatier.jpg Paul Sabatier
(1854–1941) 		"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals" [29]
1913 File:Alfred Werner.jpg Alfred Werner
(1866–1919) 		Template:Flagdeco Swiss "[for] his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules [...] especially in inorganic chemistry" [30]
1914 File:Theodore william richards.jpg Theodore William Richards
(1868–1928) 		Template:Flagdeco American "[for] his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements" [8]
1915 File:Richard Willstätter ETH-Bib PI 55-BO-0022.jpg Richard Martin Willstätter
(1872–1942) 		Template:Flagdeco German "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll" [31]
1916 Template:HsNot awarded
1917
1918 File:Fritz Haber.png Fritz Haber
(1868–1934) 		Template:Flagdeco German "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" [9]
1919 Template:HsNot awarded
1920 File:Walther Nernst.jpg Walther Hermann Nernst
(1864–1941) 		Template:Flagdeco German "[for] his work in thermochemistry" [10]
1921 File:Frederick Soddy.jpg Frederick Soddy
(1877–1956) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes" [11]
1922 File:Francis William Aston.jpg Francis William Aston
(1877–1945) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule" [32]
1923 File:Fritz Pregl.jpg Fritz Pregl
(1869–1930) 		Template:Flagdeco Yugoslavian
Template:Flagdeco Austrian 		"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances" [33]
1924 Template:HsNot awarded
1925 File:Richard Adolf Zsigmondy.jpg Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
(1865–1929) 		Template:Flagdeco Austrian "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used" [12]
1926 File:The-svedberg-1.jpg The (Theodor) Svedberg
(1884–1971) 		Template:Flagdeco Swedish "for his work on disperse systems" [34]
1927 File:Heinrich Wieland.jpg Heinrich Otto Wieland
(1877–1957) 		Template:Flagdeco German "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances" [13]
1928 File:Windaus.jpg Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
(1876–1959) 		Template:Flagdeco German "[for] his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins" [35]
1929 File:ArthurHarden.jpg Arthur Harden
(1865–1940) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" [36]
File:Euler-chelpin.jpg Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
(1873–1964) 		Template:Flagdeco German
Template:Flagdeco Swedish
1930 File:Hans Fischer (Nobel).jpg Hans Fischer
(1881–1945) 		Template:Flagdeco German "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin" [37]
1931 File:Carl Bosch.jpg Carl Bosch
(1874–1940) 		Template:Flagdeco German "[for] their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods" [38]
File:Bergius.jpg Friedrich Bergius
(1884–1949)
1932 File:Langmuir.jpg Irving Langmuir
(1881–1957) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry" [39]
1933 Template:HsNot awarded
1934 File:Urey.jpg Harold Clayton Urey
(1893–1981) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" [40]
1935 File:Joliot-fred.jpg Frédéric Joliot
(1900–1958) 		Template:Flagdeco French "[for] their synthesis of new radioactive elements" [41]
File:Joliot-curie.jpg Irène Joliot-Curie
(1897–1956)
1936 File:Debye100.jpg Peter Debye
(1884–1966) 		Template:Flagdeco Dutch "[for his work on] molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases" [42]
1937 File:Norman Haworth.jpg Walter Norman Haworth
(1883–1950) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C" [43]
File:Paul Karrer.jpg Paul Karrer
(1889–1971) 		Template:Flagdeco Swiss "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
1938 File:Richard Kuhn ETH-Bib Dia 248-065.jpg Richard Kuhn
(1900–1967) 		Template:Flagdeco German "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins" [14]
1939 File:Bad Schachen Porträt; Adolf Butenandt - W134Nr.020182c - Willy Pragher (cropped).jpg Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
(1903–1995) 		Template:Flagdeco German "for his work on sex hormones" [44]
File:Leopold Ruzicka ETH-Bib Portr 00239.jpg Leopold Ružička
(1887–1976) 		Template:Flagdeco Yugoslavian
Template:Flagdeco Swiss 		"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" [44]
1940 Template:HsNot awarded
1941
1942
1943 File:George de Hevesy.jpg George de Hevesy
(1885–1966) 		Template:Flagdeco Hungarian "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" [15]
1944 File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-46019-0001, Otto Hahn.jpg Otto Hahn
(1879–1968) 		Template:Flagdeco German "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei" [16]
1945 File:Virtanen.jpg Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
(1895–1973) 		Template:Flagdeco Finnish "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method" [45]
1946 File:James Batcheller Sumner.jpg James Batcheller Sumner
(1887–1955) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" [46]
File:John Howard Northrop.jpg John Howard Northrop
(1891–1987) 		"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" [46]
File:Wendell Meredith Stanley.jpg Wendell Meredith Stanley
(1904–1971)
1947 File:Robert Robinson organic chemist.jpg Sir Robert Robinson
(1886–1975) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids" [47]
1948 File:Arne Tiselius.jpg Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
(1902–1971) 		Template:Flagdeco Swedish "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins" [48]
1949 File:William Giauque Nobel.jpg William Francis Giauque
(1895–1982) 		Template:Flagdeco Canadian
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures" [49]
1950 File:Otto Paul Hermann Diels.jpg Otto Paul Hermann Diels
(1876–1954) 		Template:Flagdeco West German "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis" [50]
File:Kurt Alder Nobel.jpg Kurt Alder
(1902–1958)
1951 File:Edwin McMillan Nobel.jpg Edwin Mattison McMillan
(1907–1991) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements" [51]
File:Glenn Seaborg 1964.jpg Glenn Theodore Seaborg
(1912–1999)
1952 File:Archer John Porter Martin Nobel.jpg Archer John Porter Martin
(1910–2002) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for their invention of partition chromatography" [52]
File:Richard Laurence Millington Synge.jpg Richard Laurence Millington Synge
(1914–1994)
1953 File:Hermann Staudinger.jpg Hermann Staudinger
(1881–1965) 		Template:Flagdeco West German "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry" [53]
1954 File:Linus Pauling 1962.jpg Linus Pauling
(1901–1994) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances" [54]
1955 File:Vincent du Vigneaud.jpg Vincent du Vigneaud
(1901–1978) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone" [55]
1956 File:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood Nobel.jpg Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
(1897–1967) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions" [56]
File:Nikolay Semyonov Nobel.jpg Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
(1896–1986) 		Template:Flagdeco Soviet
1957 File:Alexander Todd Nobel.jpg Lord (Alexander R.) Todd
(1907–1997) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" [57]
1958 File:Frederick Sanger2.jpg Frederick Sanger
(1918–2013) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin" [58]
1959 File:Heyrovsky Jaroslav crop.jpg Jaroslav Heyrovský
(1890–1967) 		Template:Flagdeco Czechoslovakian "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis" [59]
1960 File:Willard Libby in Lab (cropped).jpg Willard Frank Libby
(1908–1980) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" [60]
1961 File:Melvin Calvin 1960s (cropped).jpg Melvin Calvin
(1911–1997) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" [61]
1962 File:Max Perutz.jpg Max Ferdinand Perutz
(1914–2002) 		Template:Flagdeco Austrian
Template:Flagdeco British 		"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" [62]
File:John Kendrew Nobel.jpg John Cowdery Kendrew
(1917–1997) 		Template:Flagdeco British
1963 File:Karl Ziegler Nobel.jpg Karl Ziegler
(1898–1973) 		Template:Flagdeco West German "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers" [63]
File:Giulio Natta 1960s (3x4 cropped).jpg Giulio Natta
(1903–1979) 		Template:Flagdeco Italian
1964 File:Dorothy Hodgkin Nobel.jpg Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
(1910–1994) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances" [64]
1965 File:Robert Woodward Nobel.jpg Robert Burns Woodward
(1917–1979) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis" [65]
1966 File:Mulliken,Robert 1929 Chicago.jpg Robert S. Mulliken
(1896–1986) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method" [66]
1967 File:Eigen,Manfred 1996 Göttingen.jpg Manfred Eigen
(1927–2019) 		Template:Flagdeco West German "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy" [67]
File:Ronald George Wreyford Norrish.jpg Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
(1897–1978) 		Template:Flagdeco British
File:George Porter Nobel.jpg George Porter
(1920–2002)
1968 File:Onsager 1968.jpg Lars Onsager
(1903–1976) 		Template:Flagdeco Norwegian
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes" [68]
1969 File:Derek-Harold-Richard-Barton.jpg Derek H. R. Barton
(1918–1998) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry" [69]
File:Odd Hassel (3x4 cropped).jpg Odd Hassel
(1897–1981) 		Template:Flagdeco Norwegian
1970 File:Luis Federico Leloir - young.jpg Luis F. Leloir
(1906–1987) 		Template:Flagdeco Argentine "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates" [70]
1971 File:Herzberg,Gerhard 1952 London.jpg Gerhard Herzberg
(1904–1999) 		Template:Flagdeco West German
Template:Flagdeco Canadian 		"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" [71]
1972 File:Christian B. Anfinsen, NIH portrait, 1969.jpg Christian B. Anfinsen
(1916–1995) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation" [72]
File:No image.svg Stanford Moore
(1913–1982) 		"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule" [72]
File:No image.svg William H. Stein
(1911–1980)
1973 File:No image.svg Ernst Otto Fischer
(1918–2007) 		Template:Flagdeco West German "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds" [73]
File:Geoffrey Wilkinson (ca. 1976).jpg Geoffrey Wilkinson
(1921–1996) 		Template:Flagdeco British
1974 File:Paul Flory 1973.jpg Paul J. Flory
(1910–1985) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules" [74]
1975 File:John Cornforth 1975.jpg John Warcup Cornforth
(1917–2013) 		Template:Flagdeco Australian
Template:Flagdeco British 		"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions" [75]
File:Vladimir Prelog ETH-Bib Portr 00214.jpg Vladimir Prelog
(1906–1998) 		Template:Flagdeco Yugoslavian
Template:Flagdeco Swiss 		"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions" [75]
1976 File:William n lipscomb jr.jpg William N. Lipscomb
(1919–2011) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding" [76]
1977 File:Ilya Prigogine 1977c.jpg Ilya Prigogine
(1917–2003) 		Template:Flagdeco Belgian "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" [77]
1978 File:36. Tagung 1986 Chemiker; Pressekonferenz Peter D. Mitchell - W134Nr.125218c - Willy Pragher (cropped).jpg Peter D. Mitchell
(1920–1992) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" [78]
1979 File:Brown, Herbert C. (1912-2004).png Herbert C. Brown
(1912–2004) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" [79]
File:No image.svg Georg Wittig
(1897–1987) 		Template:Flagdeco West German
1980 File:Paul Berg in 1980.jpg Paul Berg
(1926–2023) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" [80]
Walter Gilbert Walter Gilbert
(b. 1932) 		"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" [80]
Frederick Sanger Frederick Sanger
(1918–2013) 		Template:Flagdeco British
1981 File:Kenichi Fukui.jpg Kenichi Fukui
(1918–1998) 		Template:Flagdeco Japanese "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions" [81]
File:Roald Hoffmann.jpg Roald Hoffmann
(b. 1937) 		Template:Flagdeco Polish
Template:Flagdeco American
1982 File:Aaron Klug 1979.jpg Aaron Klug
(1926–2018) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes" [82]
1983 File:Henry Taube crop.jpg Henry Taube
(1915–2005) 		Template:Flagdeco Canadian
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes" [83]
1984 File:R. B. Merrifield.jpg Robert Bruce Merrifield
(1921–2006) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix" [84]
1985 File:Herbert Hauptman - UB 2009.jpg Herbert A. Hauptman
(1917–2011) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" [85]
File:Jerome Karle, 2009.jpg Jerome Karle
(1918–2013)
1986 Dudley R. Herschbach Dudley R. Herschbach
(b. 1932) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes" [86]
Dudley R. Herschbach Yuan T. Lee
(b. 1936) 		Template:Flagdeco Taiwanese
File:John Polanyi.jpg John C. Polanyi
(b. 1929) 		Template:Flagdeco Canadian
1987 File:No image.svg Donald J. Cram
(1919–2001) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity" [87]
File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F088117-0003, Jean-Marie Lehn.jpg Jean-Marie Lehn
(b. 1939) 		Template:Flagdeco French
Charles J. Pedersen
(1904–1989) 		Template:Flagdeco American
1988 File:39. Tagung 1989 Chemiker; Pressekonferenz Johann Deisenhofer - W134Nr.126215c - Willy Pragher (cropped).jpg Johann Deisenhofer
(b. 1943) 		Template:Flagdeco West German "for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre" [88]
Robert Huber Robert Huber
(b. 1937)
File:Michel, Hartmut (1948).jpg Hartmut Michel
(b. 1948)
1989 File:Sidney Altman crop.jpg Sidney Altman
(1939–2022) 		Template:Flagdeco Canadian
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" [89]
Thomas R. Cech Thomas Cech
(b. 1947) 		Template:Flagdeco American
1990 File:E.J.Coreyx240.jpg Elias James Corey
(b. 1928) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis" [90]
1991 Richard R. Ernst Richard R. Ernst
(1933–2021) 		Template:Flagdeco Swiss "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy" [91]
1992 File:Prof. Dr. Rudolph A. Marcus (cropped).jpg Rudolph A. Marcus
(b. 1923) 		Template:Flagdeco Canadian
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" [92]
1993 File:Kary Mullis.jpg Kary B. Mullis
(1944–2019) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method" [93]
File:Michael Smith cropped.jpg Michael Smith
(1932–2000) 		Template:Flagdeco British
Template:Flagdeco Canadian 		"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies" [93]
1994 File:Oláh György előadása 8299.jpg George A. Olah
(1927–2017) 		Template:Flagdeco Hungarian
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" [94]
1995 File:Paul Jozef Crutzen 128.jpg Paul J. Crutzen
(1933–2021) 		Template:Flagdeco Dutch "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone" [95]
File:Mario Molina 1c389 8387.jpg Mario J. Molina
(1943–2020) 		Template:Flagdeco Mexican
File:F. Sherwood Rowland.jpg Frank Sherwood Rowland
(1927–2012) 		Template:Flagdeco American
1996 File:Robert Curl crop 2009 CHAO.jpg Robert F. Curl Jr.
(1933–2022) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for their discovery of fullerenes" [96]
File:Harold Kroto 1c389 8471.sweden.jpg Sir Harold W. Kroto
(1939–2016) 		Template:Flagdeco British
File:Richard Smalley cropped.jpg Richard E. Smalley
(1943–2005) 		Template:Flagdeco American
1997 File:Paul D. Boyer.jpg Paul D. Boyer
(1918–2018) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" [97]
File:John Ernest Walker (cropped).jpg John E. Walker
(b. 1941) 		Template:Flagdeco British
File:Skou2008crop.jpg Jens C. Skou
(1918–2018) 		Template:Flagdeco Danish "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase" [97]
1998 Walter Kohn Walter Kohn
(1923–2016) 		Template:Flagdeco Austrian
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for his development of the density-functional theory" [98]
John Anthony Pople John A. Pople
(1925–2004) 		Template:Flagdeco British "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" [98]
1999 File:Ahmed Zewail (2010).jpg Ahmed Zewail
(1946–2016) 		Template:Flagdeco Egyptian
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy" [99]
2000 File:Heeger, Alan J. (1936).jpg Alan J. Heeger
(b. 1936) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for their discovery and development of conductive polymers" [100]
File:Alan MacDiarmid 2005.017.004e crop.tif Alan G. MacDiarmid
(1927–2007) 		Template:Flagdeco New Zealander
Template:Flagdeco American
File:Hideki Shirakawa.jpg Hideki Shirakawa
(b. 1936) 		Template:Flagdeco Japanese
2001 File:No image.svg William S. Knowles
(1917–2012) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" [101]
Ryōji Noyori Ryōji Noyori
(b. 1938) 		Template:Flagdeco Japanese
Barry Sharpless K. Barry Sharpless
(b. 1941) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" [101]
2002 John B. Fenn John B. Fenn
(1917–2010) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules" [102]
File:Koichi Tanaka 2003.jpg Koichi Tanaka
(b. 1959) 		Template:Flagdeco Japanese
Kurt Wüthrich Kurt Wüthrich
(b. 1938) 		Template:Flagdeco Swiss "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution" [102]
2003 File:Peter Agre.jpg Peter Agre
(b. 1949) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of water channels" [103]
Roderick MacKinnon Roderick MacKinnon
(b. 1956) 		"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels" [103]
2004 File:Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Ciehanover.jpg Aaron Ciechanover
(b. 1947) 		Template:Flagdeco Israeli "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" [104]
File:Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Hershko.jpg Avram Hershko
(b. 1937)
File:Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Rose.jpg Irwin Rose
(1926–2015) 		Template:Flagdeco American
2005 File:Chauvin, Yves (1930-2015).jpg Yves Chauvin
(1930–2015) 		Template:Flagdeco French "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis" [105]
Robert Grubbs Robert H. Grubbs
(1942–2021) 		Template:Flagdeco American
File:R. Schrock 2012b.jpg Richard R. Schrock
(b. 1945)
2006 File:Roger.Kornberg.JPG Roger D. Kornberg
(b. 1947) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription" [106]
2007 File:Prof Ertl-Portrait.jpg Gerhard Ertl
(b. 1936) 		Template:Flagdeco German "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces" [107]
2008 File:Osamu Shimomura-press conference Dec 06th, 2008-2.jpg Osamu Shimomura
(1928–2018) 		Template:Flagdeco Japanese[108] "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" [109]
File:Martin Chalfie-press conference Dec 07th, 2008-4.jpg Martin Chalfie
(b. 1947) 		Template:Flagdeco American
File:Roger Tsien-press conference Dec 07th, 2008-2.jpg Roger Y. Tsien
(1952–2016)
2009 File:Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-04.jpg Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
(b. 1952)

Template:Flagdeco British
Template:Flagdeco American

"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" [110]
File:Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-10.jpg Thomas A. Steitz
(1940–2018) 		Template:Flagdeco American
File:AdaYonath (cropped).jpg Ada E. Yonath
(b. 1939) 		Template:Flagdeco Israeli
2010 File:Richard F. Heck2010.jpg Richard F. Heck
(1931–2015) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" [111]
File:Nobel Prize 2010-Press Conference KVA-DSC 7398.jpg Ei-ichi Negishi
(1935–2021) 		Template:Flagdeco Japanese
File:Nobel Prize 2010-Press Conference KVA-DSC 7383.jpg Akira Suzuki
(b. 1930)
2011 File:Nobel Prize 2011-Nobel interviews KVA-DSC 8039.jpg Dan Shechtman
(b. 1941) 		Template:Flagdeco Israeli
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for the discovery of quasicrystals" [112]
2012 File:Lefkowitz3.jpg Robert Lefkowitz
(b. 1943) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors" [113]
File:Brian Kobilka (649437151).jpg Brian Kobilka
(b. 1955)
2013 File:Nobel Prize 22 2013.jpg Martin Karplus
(1930–2024) 		Template:Flagdeco Austrian
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems" [114]
File:Michael Levitt.jpg Michael Levitt
(b. 1947) 		Template:Flagdeco South African
Template:Flagdeco American
Template:Flagdeco British
Template:Flagdeco Israeli[115]
File:AW TW PS.jpg Arieh Warshel
(b. 1940) 		Template:Flagdeco Israeli
Template:Flagdeco American
2014 File:Eric Betzig.jpg Eric Betzig
(b. 1960) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy" [116]
File:Stefan W Hell.jpg Stefan W. Hell
(b. 1962) 		Template:Flagdeco Romanian[117]
Template:Flagdeco German
File:WE Moerner.jpg William E. Moerner
(b. 1953) 		Template:Flagdeco American
2015 File:Tomas Lindahl 0209.jpg Tomas Lindahl
(b. 1938) 		Template:Flagdeco Swedish
Template:Flagdeco British 		"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair" [118]
File:Paul L. Modrich 0151.jpg Paul L. Modrich
(b. 1946) 		Template:Flagdeco American
File:Aziz Sancar 0176.jpg Aziz Sancar
(b. 1946) 		Template:Flagdeco Turkish
2016 File:Nobel Laureates 0828 (30679373053).jpg Jean-Pierre Sauvage
(b. 1944) 		Template:Flagdeco French "for the design and synthesis of molecular machines" [119]
File:Nobel Laureates Fraser Stoddart 2016 (31117136180).jpg Fraser Stoddart
(1942–2024) 		Template:Flagdeco British
Template:Flagdeco American
File:FeringaWiki.jpg Ben Feringa
(b. 1951) 		Template:Flagdeco Dutch
2017 File:Jacques Dubochet D81 4506 (38005029785).jpg Jacques Dubochet
(b. 1942) 		Template:Flagdeco Swiss "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution" [120]
File:Joachim Frank EM1B8792 (27115577469).jpg Joachim Frank
(b. 1940) 		Template:Flagdeco German
Template:Flagdeco American[121]
File:Richard Henderson D81 4486 (38005042695).jpg Richard Henderson
(b. 1945) 		Template:Flagdeco British
2018 File:Frances Arnold 2012.png Frances Arnold
(b. 1956) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for the directed evolution of enzymes" [122]
File:George Smith EM1B5849 (31295409687).jpg George Smith
(b. 1941) 		"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies"
File:Gregory Winter, 2016 (cropped).jpg Sir Gregory Winter
(b. 1951) 		Template:Flagdeco British
2019 File:John B. Goodenough (cropped).jpg John B. Goodenough
(1922–2023) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for the development of lithium ion batteries" [123]
File:Stanley Whittingham 2019.jpg M. Stanley Whittingham
(b. 1941) 		Template:Flagdeco British
Template:Flagdeco American
File:Akira Yoshino cropped 3 Akira Yoshino 201910.jpg Akira Yoshino
(b. 1948) 		Template:Flagdeco Japanese
2020 File:Emmanuelle Charpentier.jpg Emmanuelle Charpentier
(b. 1968) 		Template:Flagdeco French "for the development of a method for genome editing" [124]
File:Professor Jennifer Doudna ForMemRS (cropped).jpg Jennifer Doudna
(b. 1964) 		Template:Flagdeco American
2021 File:Benjamin List (cropped).jpg Benjamin List
(b. 1968) 		Template:Flagdeco German "for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis" [125]
File:David MacMillan (cropped).jpg David W.C. MacMillan
(b. 1968) 		Template:Flagdeco British
2022 File:Carolyn Bertozzi IMG 9384.jpg Carolyn Bertozzi
(b. 1966) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry" [126]
File:MortenMeldal23 (cropped).jpg Morten Meldal
(b. 1954) 		Template:Flagdeco Danish
File:Barry Sharpless 02.jpg K. Barry Sharpless
(b. 1941) 		Template:Flagdeco American
2023 File:US Embassy Sweden 2023 Nobel Reception (53390424864) (cropped).jpg Moungi G. Bawendi
(b. 1961) 		Template:Flagdeco French
Template:Flagdeco Tunisian
Template:Flagdeco American 		"for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots" [127]
File:Louis E Brus.jpg Louis E. Brus
(b. 1943) 		Template:Flagdeco American
File:US Embassy Sweden 2023 Nobel Reception (53390424929) (cropped).jpg Alexey Ekimov
(b. 1945) 		Template:Flagdeco Russian
2024 File:David Baker at 2024 Nobel Prize Conference 3.jpg David Baker
(b. 1962) 		Template:Flagdeco American "for computational protein design" [128]
File:Demis Hassabis Royal Society.jpg Demis Hassabis
(b. 1976) 		Template:Flagdeco British “for protein structure prediction”
File:John Jumper, 2024 Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry.jpg John M. Jumper
(b. 1985) 		Template:Flagdeco American

See also

References

Notes

<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ A. The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. Alternative spellings and name forms, where they exist, are given at the articles linked from this column. Where available, an image of each Nobel laureate is provided. For the official pictures provided by the Nobel Foundation, see the pages for each Nobel laureate at nobelprize.org.

<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ B. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship.

<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ C. The citation for each award is quoted (not always in full) from nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. The links in this column are to articles (or sections of articles) on the history and areas of chemistry for which the awards were presented. The links are intended only as a guide and explanation. For a full account of the work done by each Nobel laureate, please see the biography articles linked from the name column.

Citations

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ As of 26 October 2008, the nobelprize.org website page for the 2008 award gives Shimomura's country as "USA". However, the press release from the Nobel Foundation on 8 October 2008, announcing the award, states that Shimomura is a Japanese citizen. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Frank, Joachim (2017), Curriculum Vitae Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  122. ↑ Press Release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 Template:Webarchive
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Sources

<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Template:Sister project

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