Baozi

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Baozi (Template:Zh), or simply bao, is a type of yeast-leavened filled bun[1] in various Chinese cuisines. There are many variations in fillings (meat or vegetarian) and preparations, though the buns are most often steamed. They are a variation of mantou from Northern China.

Baozi are popular throughout China and have even made their way into the cuisines of many other countries through the Chinese diaspora.

History and etymology

Written records from the Song dynasty show the term baozi in use for filled buns.[2][3] Prior to the Northern Song dynasty (960–1279), the word mantou was used for both filled and unfilled buns.[4] According to legend, the filled baozi is a variation of manta invented by military strategist Zhuge Liang.[5] Over time mantou came to indicate only unfilled buns in Mandarin and some varieties of Chinese, although the Wu Chinese languages continue to use mantou to refer to both filled and unfilled buns.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Types

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English name Chinese name

(Mandarin/Hakka/Cantonese/Hokkien)

Other names Description
Pinyin
Meicai pork belly bao bun Script error: No such module "Lang".
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Steamed buns, folded like tacos, are stuffed with slices of braised pork belly flavored with dried mustard greens.
Cha siu bao, Charsiu bau Script error: No such module "Lang".
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manapua, Siopao Filled with Cantonese barbeque (char siu)
Goubuli Script error: No such module "Lang".
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a well known restaurant chain specializing in baozi considered characteristic of Tianjin, Northern China; Its name literally means, "Dog ignores it".
Xiaolongbao Script error: No such module "Lang".
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a small, meat-filled baozi from Shanghai containing an aspic that reverts to a juicy broth when cooked. Because it is succulent and prepared only with thin, partially leavened dough, it is sometimes considered different from other bao types, and more closely resembles a jiaozi (dumpling).
Shuijianbao Script error: No such module "Lang".
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Very similar to xiaolongbao, but pan-fried instead of steamed.
Shengjian mantou Script error: No such module "Lang".
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A small, meat-filled, fried baozi from Shanghai.
Tangcaobaozi Script error: No such module "Lang".
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a large soup-filled baozi from Yangzhou Drunk through a straw;
in other areas of China, it is small in size with a rich soup.
Doushabao Script error: No such module "Lang".
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Hokkien: tāu-se-pau Filled with sweet bean paste.
Lotus seed bun Script error: No such module "Lang".
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Filled with sweetened lotus seed paste
Kaya-baozi Script error: No such module "Lang".
Malay: pau kaya filled with Kaya, a popular jam made from coconut, eggs, and sometimes pandan in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore
Naihuangbao Script error: No such module "Lang".
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filled with sweet yellow custard filling
Siopao Script error: No such module "Lang".
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Filipino/Tagalog: siyopaw steamed, filled with either chicken, pork, shrimp or salted egg
Zhimabao Script error: No such module "Lang".
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steamed, filled with a black sesame paste
Yacaibao Script error: No such module "Lang".
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steamed, filled with a type of pickle, spices and possibly other vegetables or meat, common in Sichuan, China
Bah-pau Script error: No such module "Lang".
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Indonesian: bakpau or bakpao

Template:Langx Dutch: bapao

filled with minced pork, or alternatively chocolate, strawberry, cheese, mung bean, red bean, minced beef, or diced chicken.
Big Pau Script error: No such module "Lang".
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large buns filled with pork, eggs and other ingredients
Crisp Stuffed Bun Script error: No such module "Lang".
poshubao
A lard-layered bun with pork, lard, bamboo shoot, and soy sauce; or with the filling of Yunnan ham and white sugar or brown sugar. Crisp Stuffed Bun was created by a chef from Yuxi almost a hundred years ago.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Tandoori Baozi Script error: No such module "Lang".
Kao Baozi
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Samsa
A Uyghur specialty, cooked in tandoor instead of steaming it. Usually filled with lamb, potatoes, and spices.

Gua bao

Gua bao (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., 虎咬豬, hó͘-kā-ti) originated as Fujianese street food. Unlike other types of bao, gua bao is made by folding over the flat steamed dough and is thus open. It is designed to fit easily in one's hands and has a wide variety of fillings.

Outside of China

File:Broodje Bapao Driekwart.jpg
Broken open bakpau showing minced meat filling, served with sweet chili sauce

In many Chinese cultures, these buns are a popular food, and widely available.[1] While they can be eaten at any meal, baozi are often eaten for breakfast. They are also popular as a portable snack or meal.

The dish has also become common place throughout various regions of Northeast Asia with cultural and ethnic relationships, as well as Southeast Asia and outside Asia due to long standing Chinese immigration.

  • In Buryatia and Mongolia, the variants of the recipe, often with beef or lamb, are known as buuz and buuza.[6][7]
  • Given the long history of the Chinese diaspora in Malaysia way before the British colonial years of British Malaya times, the Malays have adopted these buns as their own. A particularly Malay form of the baozi (called pau in Malay) is filled with potato curry, chicken curry, or beef curry that are similar to the fillings of Malay curry puffs. Some variants have a quail egg in the middle, in addition to the curry. Other variations include Kaya (jam) or red bean paste as the filling. Due to the high number of Muslims in Malaysia, these buns are halal and contain no pork. One can find Malay stalls selling the buns by the roadside, at pasar malams (night markets), highway rest stops, and pasar Ramadans (Ramadan food bazaars).
  • Similarly, in Indonesia the dish has been adopted into Indonesian cuisine through the integration of Chinese culture. It has been adopted through the Hokkien language name of bakpau or bakpao. In addition to meat fillings, local variants include: chocolate, sweet potato, and marmalade filling. Bakpau is found in Indonesia as a take away food sold by cart street hawkers. Bakpau in Indonesia is usually sold in dabao size (lit.: "big pau"), around 10 cm in diameter. To accommodate the dietary restrictions of Indonesia's Muslim majority, the original pork filling has been replaced with minced beef, diced chicken, or even sweet mung bean paste and red bean paste. Pau with non-meat fillings are still called bakpau by Indonesians, despite the lack of meat. It is usually served with sweet chili sauce.
  • Due to influence from Indonesia, supermarkets in the Netherlands commonly have in stock what the Dutch call bapao or sometimes bakpao. One can easily find frozen or sometimes in the bigger supermarkets cooled bapao/bakpao wrapped in plastic, ready-made to be heated inside a microwave. The most prevalent filling is chicken, although there are also pork, beef, and vegetarian variants widely available. This food is categorized as a quick snack or a fast-food item. Freshly baked forms of this steamed bun are however not a staple food item in the Netherlands outside of the Chinese community living there.
  • In the Philippines, their version of baozi is called siopao brought by Chinese immigrants (Sangleys) prior to Spanish colonialism.[8][9] Varieties of Filipino siopao fillings include barbecued pork, meatballs, flaked tuna, and sometimes chocolate and cheese.
  • A similar concept is also present in Thailand, called salapao (ซาลาเปา).
  • Baozi is also very popular in Japan where it's known as chūkaman (中華まん, "Chinese steamed bun"). Nikuman (肉まん; derived from 肉饅頭, nikumanjū) is the Japanese name for Chinese baozi with meat fillings. Chūkaman are steamed and often sold as street food. During festivals, they are frequently sold and eaten. From about August or September, through the winter months until roughly the beginning of April, chūkaman are available at convenience stores, where they are kept hot. It's also available as chilled food in supermarket and a part of usual food.
  • In Korea, where it is known as hoppang, it is a warm snack sold throughout South Korea. It is a convenience food version of jjinppang (steamed bread), typically filled with smooth, sweetened red bean paste and also commonly sold stuffed with vegetables and meat, pizza toppings, pumpkin, or buldak.
    File:Num pao.jpg
    Cambodian num pao
  • The Cambodian version, num pao (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a popular street food.[10]
  • Bánh bao is the Vietnamese version of the Cantonese tai bao that was brought over by Chinese immigrants.
  • The Myanmar version is called pauk-si (Template:Linktext)[11][12] and is a popular snack available in almost every traditional tea shops.
  • In Mauritius, many Mauritian dishes are influenced by Sino-Mauritians;[13] this includes baozi which is simply referred as "pao" (sometimes written as "pow" or "paw").[14][15][16] They are typically filled with Chinese sausage, poultry, black mushroom, and soy egg, among others.[14][17] They are very popular among Mauritian families[14] and continues to remain an omnipresent part of Sino-Mauritian culture.[15]

See also

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References

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