Nightmute, Alaska
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Nightmute (Template:Langx or Script error: No such module "Lang".[1]) is a city[2][3] and village in Bethel Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 208 at the 2000 census[4], 280 as of the 2010 census[2] and 306 as of the 2020 census.[5]
History
Script error: No such module "Lang". literally means ‘the people of the pressed-down place’.[6] The first element is Script error: No such module "Lang". ‘to press down on’. The suffix is Script error: No such module "Lang". ‘people’.[7]
It first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as the unincorporated Native village of "Nigtmuit". In 1950 and 1960, it was spelled "Nigtmute". In 1970, the spelling used was "Nightmute". It formally incorporated in 1974.
In 1964, many of its residents relocated by dogsled and founded the bayside community of Toksook Bay about Script error: No such module "convert". downriver.[1][8] The relocation was to avoid the yearly spring-winter migration to and from Umkumiut and Nightmute.[9]
Geography
Nightmute is located on Nelson Island near Toksook Bay. The two villages connect by snowmachine trail in winter.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (4.50%) is water. Nightmute lies 15 to 17 miles east of the neighboring village of Toksook Bay.
Culture
Traditionally, Yup'ik babies were swaddled in atasuaq, bird-skin parkas before the 1920s; in 1918, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), this practice as well as Native communities' abilities to feed and clothe themselves, was legally outlawed.[10] In 1997, after prolonged advocacy by Native people, the U.S. government amended the MBTA to allow for Indigenous communities to resume their hunts. While atasuaq were now allowed to be openly created, increased availability of commercial diapers and western clothes also worked against going back to traditional ways.[11]
John Agaiak, a Yup'ik artist born in Nightmute in the 1940s, released I'm Lost in the City, an album in 1971 sung in both Yup'ik and English.[12][13][14]
Demographics
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| Census | Pop. | Template:Sronly | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 | 78 | — | |
| 1950 | 27 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1960 | 237 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1970 | 127 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1980 | 119 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1990 | 153 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2000 | 208 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2010 | 280 | [2] | Script error: No such module "String".% |
| 2020 | 306 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[15]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". | |||
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As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 208 people, 47 households, and 38 families residing in the city. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 54 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the city was 91.83% Native American, 5.29% White and 2.88% from two or more races. 0.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Many of the Indigenous people within Nightmute share ancestry and culture with Indigenous people in the neighboring areas of Tununak, Chefornak, Toksook Bay, and Newtok; collectively, they call themselves Qaluyaarmiut, which translates to dip net people.[16]
There were 47 households, out of which 61.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 17.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.1% were non-families. 10.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.43 and the average family size was 5.03.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 41.3% under the age of 18, 13.5% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 12.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,938, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,396. About 7.1% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.6% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
Education
The school is Negtemiut Elitnaurviat School, a.k.a. Nightmute School, operated by the Lower Kuskokwim School District.[17]
Health
Sale, importation and possession of alcohol are banned in the village.[18]
Popular culture
Nightmute is the setting of the 2002 Christopher Nolan film Insomnia, starring Hilary Swank, Al Pacino, and Robin Williams. The film was not shot in the real Nightmute, but Squamish, British Columbia.
See also
References
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- ↑ "Negtemiut Elitnaurviat School". Alaska Department of Education & Early Development. Retrieved on July 10, 2018.
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External links
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