Ngunnawal–Gundungurra language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Ngunawal language)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Australian English

Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" />Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Ngunnawal/Ngunawal and Gundungurra are Australian Aboriginal languages, and the traditional languages of the Ngunnawal and Gandangara. Ngunnawal and Gundungurra are very closely related and the two were most likely highly mutually intelligible. As such they can be considered dialects of a single unnamed language, but this is the technical linguistic usage of these terms and Ngunnawal and Gundungurra peoples prefer to describe their individual varieties as separate languages in their own right.[1]

Classification

Gundungurra/Ngunawal is generally classified to fall within the tentative (and perhaps geographic) Yuin–Kuric group of the Pama–Nyungan family.[2]

Geographical distribution

The traditional country of the Ngunnawal people is generally thought to have extended east near Goulburn, North to Boorowa, south through Canberra, perhaps even to Queanbeyan, and extending west to around the Goodradigbee River.[1]

Current status

The language was extinct by 1994.[3] Some recordings of the last native speakers exist, but they did not bring their children up to speak the language. The Ngunnawal community has for some years been engaged in work to revive the language, aiming to bring it back into daily use within the community. They have been working with AIATSIS linguists to assist them with this work, and with identifying historical records that can be used.[4]

Phonology

Ngunawal consonants[5][6]
Labial Apico-
alveolar 		Lamino-
dental 		Lamino-
palatal 		Dorso-
velar
Stop b d d̪ ɟ g
Nasal m n n̪ ɲ ŋ
Trill r
Lateral l ʎ
Approximant w ɹ j
  • Retroflex sounds [ɖ, ɳ, ɭ] may have also been recorded in limited distribution.
  • Stops /b, d, ɟ, ɡ/ may also be heard as voiceless [p, t, c, k] when in word-final or syllable-final positions.
  • /ɹ/ may have also been heard as [ɻ].[6]
Ngunawal vowels[5][6]
Front Central Back
High i, iː u, uː
Low a, aː

Vocabulary

Ngunawal words and phrases and English translations
Ngunawal English Ref.
Script error: No such module "Lang". Kangaroo rat [7]
Script error: No such module "Lang". Long [8]
Script error: No such module "Lang". Yellow box [9][10]
Script error: No such module "Lang". Boomerang [11]
Script error: No such module "Lang". Bird [10]
Script error: No such module "Lang". Shield [12]
Bindugan Mussel [13]
Birrigai To laugh [14][15]
Budyan Birds [16]
Bunburung Small lizard [17]
Bunduluk Rosella [18]
Bunima Blow (as wind) [13]
Burrai Quick [19]
Burrum-bah Where the kangaroo, the wallaby, bounces over the rocks [20]
Bural Day [21]
Burin Stringybark [22]
Dhangarn Food [23]
Daramoolen Dreaming [13]
Darwa A transition for ceremony [20]
Dulwa Casuarina trees [10]
Dyindan Ring-tail possum [13]
Galu Crane [24]
Gamburra Flowers [25]
Gang-gang Gang-gang cockatoo [26][5]
Giliruk pee wee [27]
Ginninderra Sparkling light [28]
Ginin-ginin-derry Sparkling, throwing out little rays of light
(possibly a description of a waterfall) 		[29]
Gubbity Pipeclay [13]
Gubur Dhaura Red ochre ground [30]
Gudali To hunt [31]
Guginya Kookaburra [31]
Gula Koala [31]
Gulwan Younger sister [13]
Gummiuk Bulrushes [10]
Gunyan Slow [32]
Jedbinbilla A place where boys become men [14][20][33]
Gurubun Koala [34]
Kubbadang Moon [13]
Karrugang Magpie [35]
Kudyera Fighting club [36]
Kanbarra Meeting PlaceScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
Madi Very [13]
Mulleun Eagle [37]
Mulunggang Platypus [38]
Mundang Canoe [39]
Mundawari Bandicoot [40]
Munjuwa Tracks, Foot [13]
Mura Pathway [31][41]
Mura gadi Pathways for searching [42]
Murra Bidgee Mullangari Keeping the pathway to our ancestors alive [43]
Murrung Lizard [44]
Nangi To see or look [45]
Narragunnawali Alive/well-being/coming together [46]
Nengi Bamir See far (view) [10]
Ngadyung Water [39]
Ngunna yerrabi yanggu You're welcome to leave your footprints on our land [47]
Nguru Camp [39]
Pajong Ngunnawal clan group [13]
Tuggeranong Cold place [48]
Umbagong Axe [49][50]
Walga Hawk [51]
Wallabalooa Ngunnawal clan group [13]
Warabin Curlew [52]
Warrumbul Youth [53]
Weereewa Lake George
(translates roughly to "bad water") 		[20][54][55]
Wimbaliri Drink [13]
Winnunga nimmityjah Strong health [56]
Winyu Sun [57]
Wirria Tree goanna [58]
Woggabaliri Play [59]
Wolway Waterfall [60]
Yarrh Running water [61]
Yeal-am-bid-gie Molonglo River [62]
Yerra Swim,[10] to fly like a bird[63]
Yerrabi To walk [64]
Yerradhang Eucalyptus Tree [13]
Yukkumbruk Black Crow
Yumba Eel [65]
Yuyu Mopoke [13]

More words are compiled in The Wiradyuri and Other Languages of New South Wales,[5][66] an article by Robert H. Mathews first published in the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute in 1904.

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

External links

Template:Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales Template:Pama–Nyungan languages

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Ngunnawal–Gundungurra_language&oldid=1932690"