List of mayors of New York City
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The mayor of New York City is the chief executive of the Government of New York City, as stipulated by New York City's charter. The current officeholder, the 112th in the sequence of regular mayors, is Zohran Mamdani, a member of the Democratic Party.
During the Dutch colonial period from 1624 to 1664, New Amsterdam was governed by the Director of New Netherland. Following the 1664 creation of the British Province of New York, newly renamed New York City was run by the British military governor, Richard Nicolls. The office of Mayor of New York City was established in 1665. Holders were appointed by colonial governors, beginning with Thomas Willett. The position remained appointed until 1777. That year, during the American Revolution, a Council of Appointment was formed by the State of New York. In 1821 the New York City Council – then known as the Common Council – began appointing mayors. Since 1834, mayors have been elected by direct popular vote.[1]
The city included little beyond the island of Manhattan before 1874, when it annexed the western part of the Bronx, to be followed in 1895 by the rest of the Bronx. The 1898 consolidation created the city as it is today with five boroughs: Queens, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Staten Island and the Bronx. The first mayor of the expanded city was Robert Anderson Van Wyck.
The longest-serving mayors have been Fiorello H. La Guardia (1934–1945), Robert F. Wagner Jr. (1954–1965), Ed Koch (1978–1989) and Michael Bloomberg (2002–2013), each of whom was in office for twelve years (three successive four-year terms). The shortest terms in office since 1834 have been those of acting mayors: William T. Collins served a single day on December 31, 1925, Samuel B. H. Vance served one month (from November 30 to December 31, 1874), and Thomas Coman served five weeks (from Monday, November 30, 1868, to Monday, January 4, 1869).
Colonial mayors (1665–1783)
Before 1680, mayors served one-year terms. From 1680, they served two-year terms. Exceptions are noted thus (*). A dagger (†) indicates mayoralties cut short by death in office.
| No.[2] | Name (birth–death)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Term |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thomas Willett (c. 1607–1674) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1665–1666 |
| 2 | Thomas Delavall (1620–1682) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1666–1667 |
| 3 | Thomas Willett (c. 1607–1674) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1667–1668 |
| 4 | Cornelius Van Steenwyk (1626–1684) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1668–1671 |
| 5 | Thomas Delavall (1620–1682) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1671–1672 |
| 6 | Matthias Nicoll (1630–1687) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1672–1673 |
| 7 | John Lawrence (1618–1699) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1673–1674 |
| 8 | Matthias Nicoll (1630–1687) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1674–1675 |
| 9 | William Dervall (1642–c. 1711)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1675–1676 |
| 10 | Nicholas De Mayer (1635–1691)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1676–1677 |
| 11 | Stephanus Van Cortlandt (1643–1700) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1677–1678 |
| 12 | Thomas Delavall (1620–1682) 3rd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1678–1679 |
| 13 | Francis Rombouts (1631–1691)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1679–1680 |
| 14 | William Dyre (1640–1688)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1680–1682 |
| 15 | Cornelius Van Steenwyk (1626–1684) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1682–1684 |
| 16 | Gabriel Minvielle (*) (c. 1650–1702)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1684–1685 |
| 17 | Nicholas Bayard (*) (c. 1644–c. 1707)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1685–1686 |
| 18 | Stephanus Van Cortlandt (1643–1700) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1686–1688 |
| 19 | Peter Delanoy2 (c. 1657–c. 1695)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1689–1691 |
| 20 | John Lawrence (*) (1618–1699) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1691 |
| 21 | Abraham de Peyster (1657–1728)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1691–1694 |
| 22 | Charles Lodwik (c. 1658–1723)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1694–1695 |
| 23 | William Merritt (c. 1640–1708)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1695–1698 |
| 24 | Johannes de Peyster (1666–1711)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1698–1699 |
| 25 | David Provost (1670–1724)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1699–1700 |
| 26 | Isaac De Riemer (c. 1666–1730)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1700–1701 |
| 27 | Thomas Noell (died 1702)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1701–1702 |
| 28 | Phillip French (1667–1707)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1702–1703 |
| 29 | William Peartree (c. 1643–c. 1714)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1703–1707 |
| 30 | Ebenezer Wilson (fl. 1650–1710)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1707–1710 |
| 31 | Jacobus Van Cortlandt (1658–1739) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1710–1711 |
| 32 | Caleb Heathcote (1665–1721)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1711–1713 |
| 33 | John Johnstone (c. 1661–1732)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1714–1719 |
| 34 | Jacobus Van Cortlandt (1658–1739) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1719–1720 |
| 35 | Robert Walters (fl. 1685–1731)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1720–1725 |
| 36 | Johannes Jansen (1665–1734)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1725–1726 |
| 37 | Robert Lurting † (c. 1650–1735)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1726–1735 |
| 38 | Paul Richard (1697–1756)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1735–1739 |
| 39 | John Cruger † (c. 1678–1744)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1739–1744 |
| 40 | Stephen Bayard (1700–1757)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1744–1747 |
| 41 | Edward Holland † (1702–1756)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1747–1756 |
| 42 | John Cruger Jr. (1710–1791)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1757–1766 |
| 43 | Whitehead Hicks (1728–1780)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1766–1776 |
| 44 | David Mathews (c. 1739–1800)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1776–1783 |
Note
- Peter Delanoy was the first and only directly-elected mayor of New York[3] until 1834. Appointed mayors resumed in the wake of Leisler's Rebellion.
† died in office
Pre-consolidation mayors (1784–1897)
The mayor continued to be selected by the Government of New York's Council of Appointment until 1821, when Stephen Allen became the first mayor appointed by a local Common Council. Under the Charter of 1834, mayors were elected annually by direct popular vote. Starting in 1849, mayors were elected to serve two-year terms.
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Term | Party | Election | Previous office | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 45 | File:James Duane - John Trumbull.jpg | James Duane (1733–1797)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1784 – 1789 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Unaffiliated | – | Member of the Congress of the Confederation from New York (1781–1783)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 46 | File:Richard Varick (1753-1831) 1982 15.jpeg | Richard Varick (1753–1831)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
October 12, 1789 – December 31, 1801 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Federalist | – | 2nd Attorney General of New York (1788–1789)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 47 | File:EdLivingston.jpg | Edward Livingston (1764–1836)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1801 – 1803 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic-Republican | – | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 2nd district (1795–1801)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 48 | File:Rembrandt Peale's portrait of DeWitt Clinton 1812 cropped.jpg | DeWitt Clinton (1769–1828) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1803 – 1807 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic-Republican | – | United States Senator from New York (1802–1803)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 49 | File:Marinus Willett MET (3x4 cropped).jpg | Marinus Willett (1740–1830)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1807 – 1808 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic-Republican[4] | – | Sheriff of New York County (1784–1787; 1791–1795)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 50 | File:Rembrandt Peale's portrait of DeWitt Clinton 1812 cropped.jpg | DeWitt Clinton (1769–1828) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1808 – 1810 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic-Republican | – | 47th Mayor of New York City (1803–1807)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 51 | File:Jacob Radcliff.jpg | Jacob Radcliff (1764–1844) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
February 13, 1810 – 1811 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Federalist | – | Justice of the New York Supreme Court (1798–1804)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 52 | File:Rembrandt Peale's portrait of DeWitt Clinton 1812 cropped.jpg | DeWitt Clinton (1769–1828) 3rd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1811 – 1815 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic-Republican | – | 47th & 49th Mayor of New York City (1803–1807; 1808–1810)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 53 | File:John Ferguson (New York City Mayor).jpg | John Ferguson (c. 1777–1832)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
March 6, 1815 – July 9, 1815 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic-Republican | – | Naval Officer of the Port of New York (1813–1832)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 54 | File:Jacob Radcliff.jpg | Jacob Radcliff (1764–1844) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
July 10, 1815 – 1818 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Federalist | – | 50th Mayor of New York City (1810–1811)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 55 | File:Cadwallader David Colden, Mayor of New York City (3x4 cropped).jpg | Cadwallader D. Colden (1769–1834)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1818 – 1821 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Federalist | – | Member of the New York State Assembly from the 1st district (1818)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 56 | File:Stephen Allen.jpg | Stephen Allen (1767–1852)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1821 – 1824 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Federalist | – | Assistant alderman of the New York City Common Council from the 10th ward (1817–1821)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 57 | File:William Paulding, Jr..jpg | William Paulding Jr. (1770–1854) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1825 – 1826 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic-Republican | – | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from (1811–1813)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 58 | File:Philip Hone by John Wesley Jarvis 1809.jpeg | Philip Hone (1780–1851)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1826 – 1827 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Federalist | – | President of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company (1825–1826)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 59 | File:William Paulding, Jr..jpg | William Paulding Jr. (1770–1854) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1827 – 1829 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic-Republican | – | 56th Mayor of New York City (1825–1826)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 60 | File:Walter Bowne.jpg | Walter Bowne (1770–1846)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1829 – 1833 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | – | Member of the New York State Senate from the 1st district (1823–1824)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 61 | File:Gideon Lee.jpg | Gideon Lee (1778–1841)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1833 – 1834 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | – | Member of the New York City Board of Aldermen (1828–1830)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 62 | File:Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence.jpg | Cornelius Lawrence (1791–1861)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1834 – 1837 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1834 1835 1836 |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 3rd district (1833–1834)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 63 | File:Aaron Clark.jpg | Aaron Clark (1787–1861)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1837 – 1839 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Whig | 1837 1838 |
Member of the New York City Board of Aldermen from the 1st ward (1835–1837)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 64 | File:Varian Mooney by Edward Ludlow Mooney.jpg | Isaac L. Varian (1793–1864)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1839 – 1841 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1839 1840 |
Member of the New York State Senate from New York County (1831–1833)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 65 | File:Robert H. Morris (cropped).jpg | Robert H. Morris (1808–1855)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1841 – 1844 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1841 1842 1843 |
18th Recorder of New York City (1838–1841)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 66 | File:James Harper mayor portrait.jpg | James Harper (1795–1869)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1844 – 1845 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | American Republican | 1844 | Owner of Harper & Brothers |
| 67 | File:William Frederick Havemeyer (cropped).jpg | William Frederick Havemeyer (1804–1874) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1845 – 1846 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1845 | Presidential elector from New York (1844)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 68 | File:Andrew H. Mickle by Edward Ludlow Mooney.jpg | Andrew H. Mickle (1805–1863)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1846 – 1847 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1846 | Owner of A. H. Mickle & Sons |
| 69 | File:William V. Brady.jpg | William V. Brady (1811–1870)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1847 – 1848 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Whig | 1847 | Member of the New York City Board of Aldermen (1842–1847)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 70 | File:William Frederick Havemeyer (cropped).jpg | William Frederick Havemeyer (1804–1874) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1848 – 1849 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1848 | 66th Mayor of New York City (1845–1846)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 71 | File:Caleb Smith Woodhull.jpg | Caleb Smith Woodhull (1792–1866)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1849 – 1851 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Whig | 1849 | President of the New York City Board of Aldermen (1843)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 72 | File:Ambrose C. Kingsland.jpg | Ambrose Kingsland (1804–1878)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1851 – 1853 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Whig | 1850 | Commissioner of the Croton Aqueduct (1848)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 73 | File:Jacob Aaron Westervelt.jpg | Jacob Aaron Westervelt (1800–1879)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1853 – 1855 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1852 | Member of the New York City Board of Aldermen from the 13th ward (1840–1842)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 74 | File:Fernando Wood (cropped).jpg | Fernando Wood (1812–1881) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1855 – December 31, 1857 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1854 1856 |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 3rd district (1841–1843)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 75 | File:Daniel F. Tiemann (cropped).jpg | Daniel F. Tiemann (1805–1899)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1858 – 1860 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Unaffiliated [5][6][7] |
1857 | Owner of D. F. Tiemann & Company Paint & Color Works |
| 76 | File:Fernando Wood (cropped).jpg | Fernando Wood (1812–1881) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1860 – December 31, 1861 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1859 | 73rd Mayor of New York City (1855–1857)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 77 | File:George Opdyke - Brady-Handy (cropped).jpg | George Opdyke (1805–1880)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1862 – 1864 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Republican | 1861 | Member of the New York State Assembly from the 14th district (1859)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 78 | File:Charles Godfrey Gunther (cropped).jpg | Charles Godfrey Gunther (1822–1885)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1864 – 1866 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1863 | |
| 79 | File:John T Hoffman.png | John T. Hoffman1 (1828–1888)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1866 – November 30, 1868 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1865 1867 |
25th Recorder of New York City (1861–1866)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| Acting | File:Thomas Coman.jpg | Thomas Coman1 (1836–1909)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
November 30, 1868 – January 4, 1869 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | – | President of the New York City Board of Aldermen (1868–1871)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 80 | File:A Oakey Hall, Cabinet Photo, c1870 (cropped).jpg | A. Oakey Hall2 (1826–1898)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 4, 1869 – December 31, 1872 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1868 1870 |
District Attorney of New York County (1855–1858; 1862–1871)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 81 | File:William Frederick Havemeyer (cropped).jpg | William Frederick Havemeyer3 † (1804–1874) 3rd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1873 – November 30, 1874 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Republican | 1872 | President of the Bank of North America (1851–1861)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| Acting | File:S. B. H. Vance.jpg | Samuel B. H. Vance3 (1814–1890)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
November 30, 1874 – December 31, 1874 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Republican | – | President of the New York City Board of Aldermen (1873–1874)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 82 | File:William H. Wickham 2.jpg | William H. Wickham (1832–1893)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1875 – December 31, 1876 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1874 | President of the New York City Fire Department (1860–1861)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 83 | File:Smith Ely Jr. - Brady-Handy (3x4 cropped).jpg | Smith Ely Jr. (1825–1911)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1877 – December 31, 1878 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1876 | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 7th district (1871–1873; 1875–1876)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 84 | File:Edward Cooper.jpg | Edward Cooper (1824–1905)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1879 – December 31, 1880 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1878 | |
| 85 | File:William Russell Grace.jpg | William Russell Grace (1832–1904) 1st termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1881 – December 31, 1882 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1880 | Owner of W. R. Grace and Company |
| 86 | File:Franklin Edson.jpg | Franklin Edson (1832–1904)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1883 – December 31, 1884 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1882 | President of the New York Produce Exchange |
| 87 | File:William Russell Grace.jpg | William Russell Grace (1832–1904) 2nd termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1885 – December 31, 1886 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Unaffiliated | 1884 | 84th Mayor of New York City (1881–1882)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 88 | File:Hewitt, Hon. Abram S. of New York Crop.jpg | Abram Hewitt (1822–1903)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1887 – December 31, 1888 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1886 | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 10th district (1875–1879; 1881–1886)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 89 | File:Hugh J. Grant.jpg | Hugh J. Grant (1858–1910)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1889 – December 31, 1892 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1888 1890 |
Sheriff of New York County (1887–1888)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 90 | File:Thomas Francis Gilroy.jpg | Thomas Francis Gilroy (1840–1911)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1893 – December 31, 1894 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Democratic | 1892 | Undersheriff of New York County |
| 91 | File:William L. Strong.jpg | William Lafayette Strong4 (1827–1900)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1895 – December 31, 1897 |
bgcolor=Template:Party color | | Republican | 1894 | President of the First National Bank |
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Notes
- John T. Hoffman resigned after his election as Governor of New York state but before the end of his mayoral term.[8] Thomas Coman, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Hoffman's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, A. Oakey Hall, took office.[9]
- When Hall temporarily retired during the Tweed investigation, the Acting Mayor of New York City was John Cochrane, the President of the New York City Council.
- William F. Havemeyer died during his last term of office. Samuel B. H. Vance, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Havemeyer's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, William H. Wickham, took office.
- William L. Strong served an additional year in office because New York City mayoral elections were changed to be held in odd-numbered years due to the impending consolidation of New York City.
† died in office
Post-consolidation mayors (since 1897)
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The 1898–1901 term was for four years. The City Charter was changed to make the mayor's term a two-year one beginning in 1902, but after two such terms was changed back to resume four-year terms in 1906. George B. McClellan Jr. thus served one two-year term from 1904 to 1905, during which he was elected to a four-year term from 1906 to 1909. Since then, mayors have had to be elected with the support of all five boroughs: Queens, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Staten Island, and the Bronx.
The party of the mayor reflects party registration, as opposed to the party lines run under during the general election.
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Term | Party | Election | Previous office | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 92 | File:Robert A. Van Wyck, Mayor-Elect of Greater New York.jpg | Robert Anderson Van Wyck1 (1849–1918)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1898 – December 31, 1901 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1897 | Chief Justice of the City Court of New York[10] |
| 93 | File:Seth Low 1901 (3x4 cropped).jpg | Seth Low2 (1850–1916)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1902 – December 31, 1903 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Republican | 1901 | 11th President of Columbia University (1890–1901)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 94 | File:Picture of George B. McClellan, Jr..jpg | George B. McClellan Jr. (1865–1940)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1904 – December 31, 1909 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1903 1905 |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 12th district (1895–1903)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 95 | File:W.J. Gaynor, portrait bust LCCN2014680928 Trim.jpg | William Jay Gaynor3 † (1849–1913)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1910 – September 10, 1913 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1909 | Justice of the New York Supreme Court (1893–1909)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| Acting | File:Ardolph Loges Kline circa 1914.png | Ardolph L. Kline3 (1858–1930)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
September 10, 1913 – December 31, 1913 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Republican | – | President of the New York City Board of Aldermen (1913)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 96 | File:Portrait of John Purroy Mitchel.jpg | John Purroy Mitchel (1879–1918)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1914 – December 31, 1917 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Republican | 1913 | Collector of the Port of New York (1913)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 97 | File:John Francis Hylan in 1917 (cropped).jpg | John Francis Hylan4[11] (1868–1936)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1918 – December 30, 1925 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1917 1921 |
Judge in Kings County[12] |
| Acting | File:William T. Collins (New York City mayor and judge).jpg | William T. Collins4 (1886–1961)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
December 31, 1925 [11] |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | – | President of the New York City Board of Aldermen[11] (1925)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 98 | File:Mayor J. Walker Edit.jpg | Jimmy Walker5 (1881–1946)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1926 – September 1, 1932 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1925 1929 |
Member of the New York State Senate from the 12th district (1919–1925)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| Acting | File:Mayor Joseph V McKee (3x4a).jpg | Joseph V. McKee5 (1889–1956)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
September 1, 1932 – December 31, 1932 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | – | President of the New York City Board of Aldermen (1926–1933)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 99 | File:John Patrick O'Brien (1873-1951) in 1923 Trim.png | John P. O'Brien (1873–1951)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1933 – December 31, 1933 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1932 | Surrogate of New York County[13] |
| 100 | File:La Guardia by NYT Studios circa 1934–1945 Trim Edit.jpg | Fiorello La Guardia (1882–1947)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1934 – December 31, 1945 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Republican[14] | 1933 1937 1941 |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 20th district (1923–1933)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 101 | File:Head shot of Mayor O'Dwyer Edit.jpg | William O'Dwyer6 (1890–1964)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1946 – August 31, 1950 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1945 1949 |
District Attorney of Kings County (1940–1942; 1945)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 102 | File:Portrait of Vincent Impellitteri 1950 Edit.jpg | Vincent R. Impellitteri6 (1900–1987)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
November 14, 1950 – December 31, 1953 (acting from August 31, 1950)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1950 | President of the New York City Council (1946–1950)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 103 | File:RobertFWagner.png | Robert F. Wagner Jr. (1910–1991)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1954 – December 31, 1965 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1953 1957 1961 |
17th Borough President of Manhattan (1950–1953)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 104 | File:John Lindsay 1968.jpg | John Lindsay (1921–2000)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1966 – December 31, 1973 |
style="background: linear-gradient(Template:Party color 50%, Template:Party color 50%)" | | Republican8 Democratic |
1965 1969 |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 17th district (1959–1965)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 105 | File:A beame in 1974.jpg | Abraham Beame (1906–2001)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1974 – December 31, 1977 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1973 | 36th & 38th New York City Comptroller (1962–1965; 1970–1973)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 106 | File:Koch in 1985.jpg | Ed Koch (1924–2013)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1978 – December 31, 1989 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1977 1981 1985 |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 18th district (1969–1977)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 107 | File:David Dinkins 1986 cropped 3x4.jpg | David Dinkins (1927–2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1990 – December 31, 1993 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 1989 | 23rd Borough President of Manhattan (1986–1989)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 108 | File:Rudy Giuliani 207-DP-8297B-DSC 0041.jpg | Rudy Giuliani (b. 1944)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 1994 – December 31, 2001 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Republican | 1993 1997 |
United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York (1983–1989)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 109 | File:Mayor Michael Bloomberg (cropped).jpg | Michael Bloomberg (b. 1942)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 2002 – December 31, 2013 |
style="background: linear-gradient(Template:Party color 50%, Template:Party color 50%)" | | Republican9 Unaffiliated |
2001 2005 2009 |
CEO of Bloomberg L.P. (1981–2001)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 110 | File:Bill de Blasio by Gage Skidmore.jpg | Bill de Blasio (b. 1961)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 2014 – December 31, 2021 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 2013 2017 |
3rd New York City Public Advocate (2010–2013)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 111 | File:Eric Adams at City Hall 2023 (3x4 cropped).jpg | Eric Adams (b. 1960)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 2022 – December 31, 2025 |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 2021 | 18th Borough President of Brooklyn (2014–2021)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| 112 | File:Zohran Mamdani 05.25.25 (cropped 3x4).jpg | Zohran Mamdani (b. 1991)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
January 1, 2026 – Incumbent |
style="background:Template:Party color" | | Democratic | 2025 | Member of the New York State Assembly from the 36th district (2021–2025)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
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Notes
- Randolph Gugghenheimer I (born 1846) served as acting mayor in 1900 while Robert A. Van Wyck was away.[15][16]
- Seth Low previously served as Mayor of the City of Brooklyn from 1882 to 1885.
- William Jay Gaynor died September 10, 1913. Ardolph L. Kline, the unelected President of the Board of Aldermen, succeeded as acting mayor upon Gaynor's death, but then sought re-election as an alderman (successfully) rather than election as mayor. Kline has thus been the only mayor since 1834 never to win a citywide election (having been appointed Vice President of the Board of Aldermen by his colleagues and then succeeding to the presidency mid-term, rather than winning it by popular election at large).
- John Hylan and Police Commissioner Richard Enright resigned December 30, 1925 to ensure that they received their city pensions, which they may not have been entitled to keep had they stayed in office for one more day. William T. Collins became acting Mayor for one day, prior to the inauguration of Jimmy Walker.[11]
- Jimmy Walker resigned September 1, 1932 and went to Europe, amid allegations of corruption in his administration. Joseph V. McKee, as President of the Board of Aldermen, became acting mayor in Walker's place, but was then defeated in a special election by John P. O'Brien.
- William O'Dwyer resigned August 31, 1950, during a police corruption scandal, after which he was appointed Ambassador to Mexico by President Harry S. Truman.
- Vincent R. Impellitteri, President of the New York City Council, became acting mayor when O'Dwyer resigned on August 31, 1950, and was then elected to the office in a special election held on November 7, 1950. He was inaugurated on November 14.
- John Lindsay switched party affiliation from Republican to Democratic in 1971 and ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for president in 1972.[17]
- Michael Bloomberg was a lifelong Democrat before registering as a Republican in 2001 and running for mayor. He then registered as an Independent in 2007, and re-registered as a Democrat in 2018 in preparation for his unsuccessful bid for the Democratic nomination for president in 2020.[18]
† died in office
List of living former mayors
There are four living former mayors.
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Appendices
Mayoral terms and term limits in New York City since 1834
Direct elections to the mayoralty of the unconsolidated City of New York began in 1834 for a term of one year, extended to two years after 1849. The 1897 Charter of the consolidated City stipulated that the mayor was to be elected for a single four-year term. In 1901, the term halved to two years, with no restrictions on reelection. In 1905, the term was extended to four years once again. (Mayors Fiorello La Guardia, Robert F. Wagner Jr., Ed Koch and Michael Bloomberg were later able to serve for twelve years each.)[19] In 1993, the voters approved a two-term (eight-year) limit, and reconfirmed this limit when the issue was submitted to referendum in 1996. In 2008, the New York City Council voted to change the two-term limit to three terms (without submitting the issue to the voters).[20] Legal challenges to the Council's action were rejected by Federal courts in January and April 2009.[21] However, in 2010, yet another referendum, reverting the limit to two terms, passed overwhelmingly.[22]
| Year | Term | Term limit |
Years | Mayor(s) affected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Unconsolidated City Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
| ||||
| 1834 | 1 year | (no limit) | (unlimited) | all from Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence to Caleb S. Woodhull |
| 1849 | 2 years | (no limit) | (unlimited) | all from Ambrose Kingsland to William L. Strong1 |
Greater New York (The Five Boroughs) Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
| ||||
| 1897 | 4 years | 1 term
|
4 years
|
Robert A. Van Wyck |
| 1901 | 2 years | (no limit) | (unlimited) | Seth Low and George B. McClellan Jr.2 |
| 1905 | 4 years | (no limit) | (unlimited) | all from George B. McClellan Jr.2 to David Dinkins3 |
| 1993 | 4 years | 2 terms
|
8 years
|
Rudolph Giuliani4 |
| 2008 | 4 years | 3 terms
|
12 years
|
Michael Bloomberg only 4, 5 |
| 2010 | 4 years | 2 terms
|
8 years
|
Bill de Blasio and his successors6 |
Principal source: The Encyclopedia of New York City[23] especially the entries for "charter" and "mayoralty".
- Mayor Strong, elected in 1894, served an extra year because no municipal election was held in 1896, in anticipation of the consolidated City's switch to odd-year elections.
- George B. McClellan Jr. was elected to one two-year term (1904–1906) and one four-year term (1906-1910).
- David Dinkins was not affected by the term limit enacted in 1993 because he had served only one term by 1993 and failed to win re-election.
- The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in Manhattan coincided with the primary elections for a successor to Mayor Giuliani, who was completing his second and final term of office. Many were so impressed by both the urgency of the situation and Giuliani's response that they wanted to keep him in office beyond December 31, 2001, either by removing the term limit or by extending his service for a few months.[24] However, neither happened, the primary elections (with the same candidates) were re-run on September 25, the general election was held as scheduled on November 6, and Michael Bloomberg took office on the regularly appointed date of January 1, 2002.
- On October 2, 2008, Michael Bloomberg announced that he would ask the city council to extend the limit for mayor, council and other officers from two terms to three, and that, should such an extended limit prevail, he himself would seek re-election as mayor.[25] On October 23, the New York City Council voted 29–22 to extend the two-term limit to three terms. (A proposed amendment to submit the vote to a public referendum had failed earlier the same day by a vote of 22–28 with one abstention.)[20]
- In November 2010, yet another popular referendum, limiting mayoral terms to two, passed overwhelmingly.[22]
Interrupted terms
Mayors John T. Hoffman (1866–1868, elected Governor 1868), William Havemeyer (1845–1846, 1848–1849, and 1873–1874), William Jay Gaynor (1910–1913), John Francis Hylan (1918–1925), Jimmy Walker (1926–1932), and William O'Dwyer (1946–1950) failed to complete the final terms to which they were elected. The uncompleted mayoral terms of Hoffman, Walker, and O'Dwyer were added to the other offices elected in (respectively) 1868, 1932, and 1950. Those three elections are listed as "special" in the table below because they occurred before the next regularly scheduled mayoral election; the "regular" mayoral elections of 1874 and 1913, on the other hand, were held on the same day that they would have happened had the mayoralty not become vacant.
Interrupted terms of New York City's elected mayors since 1834 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
| |||||
Elected mayor Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
Last elected Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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End of service Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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Interim successor † 1, 2 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
Election Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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Elected successor3 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
John T. Hoffman (D)
|
Dec. 1867 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
resigned November 30, 1868
|
Thomas Coman (D)
|
Dec. 1868 (special) | A. Oakey Hall (D) |
Wm Havemeyer (R)1
|
Nov. 1872 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
died November 30, 1874
|
Nov. 1874 (regular) | William H. Wickham (D) | |
William Gaynor (D)
|
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | died September 10, 1913
|
Ardolph L. Kline (R)
|
Nov. 1913 (regular) | John P. Mitchel (Fusion) |
John F. Hylan (D)
|
Nov. 1921 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
resigned December 30, 1925
|
Nov. 1925 (regular) | Jimmy Walker (D) | |
Jimmy Walker (D)
|
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | resigned September 1, 1932
|
Joseph V. McKee (D)
|
Nov. 1932 (special) | John P. O'Brien (D) |
William O'Dwyer (D)
|
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | resigned August 31, 1950
|
Nov. 1950 (special) | Vincent Impellitteri (Experience) | |
† Became acting mayor as the president of the board of aldermen or (in 1950) city council.
(D) = (Democratic)
(R) = (Republican)
- Mayor Havemeyer was a Democrat who ran as a Republican against the Democratic Tweed Ring in 1872.
- Acting Mayors Coman, Vance, Kline and Collins did not seek election as mayor.
- Acting Mayors McKee and Impellitteri were Democrats who lost the Democratic primary to succeed themselves, but still ran in the general election as independents.
- Elected Mayor Oakey Hall won re-election, while Mayor Wickham did not seek it. Mayors Mitchel and O'Brien lost attempts at re-election, while Mayor Impellitteri did not run for a full term in the 1953 regular general election after losing the Democratic primary.
Mayors of the City of Brooklyn, 1834–1897
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Brooklyn elected a mayor from 1834 until consolidation in 1898 into the City of Greater New York, whose own second mayor (1902–1903), Seth Low, had been Mayor of Brooklyn from 1882 to 1885. Since 1898, Brooklyn has, in place of a separate mayor, elected a Borough President.
Mayors of Long Island City, 1870–1897
Long Island City, now within the Borough of Queens, was incorporated as a city in its own right on May 4, 1870 and (like the City of Brooklyn) consolidated into the present Greater New York City on January 1, 1898.
| No. | Name | Starting year of office | Ending year of office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abram D. Ditmars (1st term) | 1870 | 1872 |
| 2 | Henry S. DeBevoise (1st term) | 1872 | 1873 Sept. |
| (-) | George H. Hunter (acting) | 1873 Sept. | 1874 April |
| 2 | Henry S. DeBevoise (1st term resumed) | 1874 April | 1875 |
| 3 | Abram D. Ditmars (2nd term) | 1875 | |
| (-) | John Quinn (acting) | 1876 | |
| 4 | Henry S. DeBevoise (2nd term) | 1876 | 1883 |
| 5 | George Petry | 1883 | 1886 |
| 6 | Patrick J. Gleason (1st term) | 1887 | 1889 |
| Patrick J. Gleason (2nd term) | 1890 | 1892 | |
| 7 | Horatio S. Sanford | 1893 | 1895 |
| 8 | Patrick J. Gleason (3rd term) | 1895 | 1897 |
| Sources: James Bradley for The Encyclopedia of New York City (1st edition), edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale University Press and The New York Historical Society, New Haven, Connecticut, 1995, Template:ISBN); (p. 690, 3rd Column, under "Long Island City"); James Nevlus, Long Island City's Forgotten History (Curbed New York, November 16, 2018) https://ny.curbed.com/2018/11/16/18097555/amazon-hq2-long-island-city-nyc-historyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
See also
- Election results for Mayor of New York
- History of New York City
- History of Brooklyn
- List of governors of New York
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "The Green Book: Mayors of the City of New York" Template:Webarchive on the official NYC website. When a former mayor serves again after a break in office, a new number is assigned to his resumed service. However, the six acting mayoralties are unnumbered.
- ↑ Template:Cite gotham pp.99–100
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Mooney, James E. "Tiemann, Daniel F(awcett)" in Template:Cite enc-nyc2
- ↑ Template:Cite gotham
- ↑ Template:Cite chrono
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ For further details, see Third Term No Charm, Historians Say by Sewell Chan, The New York Times "City Room", published and retrieved on October 1, 2008.
- ↑ a b Sewell Chan and Jonathan P. Hicks, Council Votes, 29 to 22, to Extend Term Limits, The New York Times, published on-line and retrieved on October 23, 2008.
- ↑ Fernanda Santos: The Future of Term Limits Is in Court, The New York Times, New York edition, October 24, 2008, page A24 (retrieved on October 24, 2008), Judge Rejects Suit Over Term Limits, The New York Times, New York edition, January 14, 2009, page A26, and Appeals Court Upholds Term Limits Revision, The New York Times City Room Blog, April 28, 2009 (both retrieved on July 6, 2009). The original January decision by Judge Charles Sifton of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Long Island, Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island) was upheld by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (Vermont, Connecticut and New York state).
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ “The Encyclopedia of New York City (1st edition), edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale University Press and The New York Historical Society, New Haven, Connecticut, 1995, Template:ISBN )
- ↑ See, for example, these stories from The New York Times: "In Crisis Giuliani’s Popularity Overflows City", by Jennifer Steinhauer, September 20, 2001, "A Shift in the Ritual, and Meaning, of Voting", by Mirta Ojito, September 26, 2001 and "Giuliani Explores A Term Extension Of 2 Or 3 Months", by Jennifer Steinhauer with Michael Cooper, September 27, 2001.
- ↑ Sewell Chan, Bloomberg Says He Wants a Third Term as Mayor, The New York Times, published and retrieved on October 2, 2008.
- ↑ “The Encyclopedia of New York City (1st edition), edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale University Press and The New York Historical Society, New Haven, Connecticut, 1995, Template:ISBN ); (p. 149, 3rd Column.)
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External links
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