New Madrid County, Missouri

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New Madrid County (Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell".; Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is a county located in the Bootheel of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,434.[1] The largest city is Portageville and county seat is New Madrid, located on the northern side of the Kentucky Bend in the Mississippi River, where it has formed an oxbow around an exclave of Fulton County, Kentucky.[2] This feature has also been known as New Madrid Bend or Madrid Bend, for the city.

The county was officially organized on October 1, 1812, encompassing most of present-day Arkansas. Named after Nuevo Madrid, a district located in the region, the area was under Spanish rule following France's cession of Louisiana after being defeated in the Seven Years' War. The Spanish named the district after Madrid, the capital of Spain.[3]

The county includes a large part of the New Madrid fault that produced the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes. This zone remains geologically active, and had continued to produce smaller earthquakes with some frequency.

History

French Canadians from New France landed in this area in 1781 and established the first European settlement in the present county at New Madrid along the Mississippi River.[4] France had ceded this area to Spain following its loss in the Seven Years' War. The Spanish governor, Bernardo de Gálvez, appointed American colonel William Morgan, a Revolutionary War veteran from New Jersey, as empresario to recruit new settlers for the area. Morgan attracted about 2,000 settlers before Spain returned this territory to France in the late 18th century. They settled mostly in the area of what is now the city of New Madrid, Missouri. After failing to regain control of its colony of Saint-Domingue, where a slave rebellion had been raging, France gave up on North America, selling its large territory west of the Mississippi River in 1803 to the United States under the Louisiana Purchase.

New Madrid County was organized on October 1, 1812, as an act of the First General Assembly of the Missouri Territory.[5] In the floodplain of the Mississippi, this area was long cultivated by planters using enslaved African Americans for cotton production.

A series of more than 1,000 earthquakes struck the area in 1811 and 1812. The New Madrid earthquakes were the strongest non-subduction zone earthquake in the United States. A request dated January 13, 1814, by the Territorial Governor William Clark, asked for federal relief for the "inhabitants of New Madrid County."Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The county had its peak of population in 1940, according to US census records, as shown in the table. Many residents left the rural county from 1950 to 1970, seeking better work opportunities in the North and Midwest. County population has continued to decline. In 2017 the county was featured in an episode of Madrid de sol a sol, a show from Spanish public channel Telemadrid exploring locations named "Madrid".[6]

Geography

File:Kentucky Bend map.png
Kentucky Bend and surrounding area <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Missouri (MO)
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  Tennessee (TN)
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  Kentucky (KY)

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (3.1%) is water.[7]

The county is located on the Kentucky Bend of the Mississippi River, which forms a border of the county. This feature is also known as New Madrid Bend or Madrid Bend. This oxbow flows around an exclave of Fulton County, Kentucky. Scientists expect that eventually the river will cut a new channel across the narrow neck of the peninsula, which will gradually be attached by infill land to Missouri.

Unlike most of Missouri, southern parts of New Madrid County are within the Sun Belt, defined by the Kinder Institute as being south of 36°30'N latitude.[8]

Adjacent counties

Major highways

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
18202,296—
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18404,554Script error: No such module "String".%
18505,541Script error: No such module "String".%
18605,654Script error: No such module "String".%
18706,357Script error: No such module "String".%
18807,694Script error: No such module "String".%
18909,317Script error: No such module "String".%
190011,280Script error: No such module "String".%
191019,488Script error: No such module "String".%
192025,180Script error: No such module "String".%
193030,262Script error: No such module "String".%
194039,787Script error: No such module "String".%
195039,444Script error: No such module "String".%
196031,350Script error: No such module "String".%
197023,420Script error: No such module "String".%
198022,945Script error: No such module "String".%
199020,928Script error: No such module "String".%
200019,760Script error: No such module "String".%
201018,956Script error: No such module "String".%
202016,434Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11]
1990-2000[12] 2010-2015[13]

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2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 16,434. The median age was 42.6 years, 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18, and 20.0% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 92.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 89.1 males age 18 and over.[14][15]

12.6% of residents lived in urban areas, while 87.4% lived in rural areas.[16]

There were 6,917 households in the county, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 31.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[14]

There were 7,870 housing units, of which 12.1% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 63.6% were owner-occupied and 36.4% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.2% and the rental vacancy rate was 9.8%.[14]

2000 census

As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 19,760 people, 7,824 households, and 5,508 families residing in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 8,600 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 83.21% White, 15.36% Black or African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Approximately 0.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Among the major first ancestries reported in New Madrid County were 32.4% American, 10.3% Irish, 8.8% English, and 8.7% German ancestry.

There were 7,824 households, out of which 32.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.00% were married couples living together, 14.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.60% were non-families. 26.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.40% under the age of 18, 8.50% from 18 to 24, 26.40% from 25 to 44, 23.20% from 45 to 64, and 15.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 92.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,758, and the median income for a family was $39,411. Males had a median income of $28,408 versus $19,186 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,227. About 18.60% of families and 22.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.40% of those under age 18 and 19.20% of those age 65 or over.

Racial and ethnic composition

The racial and ethnic composition as reported in the 2020 redistricting data is shown in the table below.[15]

New Madrid County, Missouri – Racial and ethnic composition
<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[18] Pop 1990[19] Pop 2000[20] Pop 2010[21] Pop 2020[22] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 19,183 17,497 16,345 15,380 12,610 83.60% 83.61% 82.72% 81.14% 76.73%
Black or African American alone (NH) 3,549 3,267 3,024 2,983 2,731 15.47% 15.61% 15.30% 15.74% 16.62%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 19 34 33 40 25 0.08% 0.16% 0.17% 0.21% 0.15%
Asian alone (NH) 32 36 26 75 62 0.14% 0.17% 0.13% 0.40% 0.38%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [23] x [24] 1 7 1 x x 0.01% 0.04% 0.01%
Other race alone (NH) 12 1 5 8 27 0.05% 0.00% 0.03% 0.04% 0.16%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [25] x [26] 143 249 725 x x 0.72% 1.31% 4.41%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 150 93 183 214 253 0.65% 0.44% 0.93% 1.13% 1.54%
Total 22,945 20,928 19,760 18,956 16,434 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Religion

According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2000), New Madrid County is a part of the Bible Belt as evangelical Protestantism is the majority religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in New Madrid County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists (62.86%), Roman Catholics (8.80%), and Methodists (7.36%).

Education

Of adults 25 years of age and older in New Madrid County, 63.6% possess a high school diploma or higher while 9.6% hold a bachelor's degree or higher as their highest educational attainment.

School districts including sections of the county, no matter how slight, even if the relevant schools and/or administration buildings in another county:[27]

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Public schools

  • Gideon School District 37 - Gideon
    • Gideon Elementary School (K-6)
    • Gideon High School (7-12)
  • New Madrid County Central R-I School District - New Madrid
    • Lilbourn Elementary School (PK-5) - Lilbourn
    • Matthews Elementary School (PK-5) - Matthews
    • New Madrid County Central Elementary School (PK-5)
    • New Madrid County Central Middle School (6-08)
    • New Madrid County Central High School (9-12)
  • Portageville School District - Portageville
    • Portageville Elementary School (PK-5)
    • Portageville Middle School (6-8)
    • Portageville High School (9-12)
  • Risco R-II School District - Risco
    • Risco Elementary School (K-6)
    • Risco High School (7-12)

Private schools

Alternative/vocational schools

Public libraries

  • Lilbourn Memorial Library[28]
  • New Madrid County Library[29]

Colleges and universities

Three Rivers College's service area includes New Madrid County.[30]

Communities

Cities and Towns

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Unincorporated communities

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Politics

Local

The Democratic Party formerly almost completely controlled politics at the local level in New Madrid County. Democrats and Republicans now almost evenly split all elected positions in the county.[31]

Template:Missouri county elected officials

State

New Madrid County is wholly encompassed by the 149th Missouri House of Representatives district and is currently represented by Republican Don Rone of Portageville.[32]

Missouri House – District 149 – New Madrid County (2020)[32]
Party Candidate Votes % <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />±%Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "Political party". Don Rone 100.00%

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Missouri House – District 149 – New Madrid County (2018)[32]
Party Candidate Votes % <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />±%Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "Political party". Don Rone 4,083 71.57%
Script error: No such module "Political party". William D. "Bill" Burlison 1,468 25.73%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Jacqueline T. "Jackie" McGee 154 2.70%

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In the Missouri Senate, all of New Madrid County is a part of Missouri's 25th District and is currently represented by Republican Jason Bean of Poplar Bluff.[33]

Missouri Senate – District 25 – New Madrid County (2020)
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Script error: No such module "Political party". Jason Bean 100.00%

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Missouri Senate – District 25 – New Madrid County (2016)[34]
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Script error: No such module "Political party". Doug Libla 6,952 58.65%
Script error: No such module "Political party". William D. "Bill" Burlison 3,195 41.35%

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Missouri Senate - District 25 - New Madrid County (2008)
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Script error: No such module "Political party". Rob Mayer 4,217 54.53
Script error: No such module "Political party". M. Shane Stoelting 3,517 45.47

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Past Gubernatorial Elections Results[35]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2024 78.32% 5,231 19.55% 1,306 2.12% 142
2020 74.39% 5,338 24.01% 1,723 1.80% 115
2016 60.29% 4,392 37.80% 2,754 1.91% 139
2012 44.64% 2,732 59.70% 4,270 1.49% 120
2008 38.19% 3,574 53.87% 4,313 2.11% 151
2004 47.57% 3,737 51.38% 4,036 1.05% 82
2000 41.28% 2,978 57.50% 4,148 1.22% 88
1996 28.14% 2,106 70.43% 5,270 1.43% 107
1992 38.99% 3,087 61.01% 4,830 0.00% 0
1988 50.94% 3,594 48.89% 3,449 0.17% 12
1984 50.34% 3,979 49.66% 3,926 0.00% 0
1980 38.82% 3,176 61.14% 5,002 0.04% 3
1976 37.75% 2,951 62.20% 4,863 0.05% 4

Federal

New Madrid County is included in Missouri's 8th Congressional District and is currently represented by Jason T. Smith (R-Salem) in the U.S. House of Representatives. Smith won a special election on Tuesday, June 4, 2013, to finish out the remaining term of U.S. Representative Jo Ann Emerson (R-Cape Girardeau). Emerson announced her resignation a month after being reelected with over 70 percent of the vote in the district. She resigned to become CEO of the National Rural Electric Cooperative.

U.S. House of Representatives – Missouri’s 8th Congressional District – New Madrid County (2020)[36]
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Script error: No such module "Political party". Jason Smith 5,326 75.13%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Kathy Ellis 1,676 23.64%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Tom Schmitz 87 1.23%

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U.S. House of Representatives – Missouri's 8th Congressional District – New Madrid County (2018)[36]
Party Candidate Votes % <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />±%Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "Political party". Jason Smith 4,093 72.09%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Kathy Ellis 1,520 26.77%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Jonathan L. Shell 65 1.14%

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U.S. House of Representatives - District 8 - Special Election – New Madrid County (2013)
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Script error: No such module "Political party". Steve Hodges 1,008 51.85
Script error: No such module "Political party". Jason T. Smith 891 45.83
Script error: No such module "Political party". Doug Enyart 25 1.29
Script error: No such module "Political party". Bill Slantz 20 1.03

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U.S. House of Representatives - District 8 – New Madrid County (2012)
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Script error: No such module "Political party". Jo Ann Emerson 4,888 68.30 Script error: No such module "String".
Script error: No such module "Political party". Jack Rushin 2,133 29.80 Script error: No such module "String".
Script error: No such module "Political party". Rick Vandeven 136 1.90 Script error: No such module "String".

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New Madrid County, along with the rest of the state of Missouri, is represented in the U.S. Senate by Josh Hawley (R-Columbia) and Roy Blunt (R-Strafford).

U.S. Senate – Class I – New Madrid County (2018)[37]
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Script error: No such module "Political party". Josh Hawley 3,967 69.09%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Claire McCaskill 1,663 28.96%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Japheth Campbell 44 0.77%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Craig O'Dear 48 0.84%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Jo Crain 20 0.35%

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Blunt was elected to a second term in 2016 over then-Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander.

U.S. Senate - Class III - New Madrid County (2016)[37]
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Script error: No such module "Political party". Roy Blunt 4,157 57.31%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Jason Kander 2,844 39.21%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Jonathan Dine 115 1.59%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Johnathan McFarland 84 1.14%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Fred Ryman 54 0.74%

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Political culture

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At the presidential level, New Madrid County, lying in the Missouri Bootheel (one of the regions of Missouri most closely associated with the American South), was powerfully Democratic from shortly after the Civil War through 2000; from 1868 through 2000, it voted Republican only in Harding's, Hoover's, Nixon's, and Reagan's national landslides in 1920, 1928, 1972, and 1984, respectively.[38] However, after the county switched from Gore to Bush in 2004, it has become a Republican stronghold, having, as of 2020, voted Republican five elections in a row, with the Republican vote share increasing in every election. In 2020, Trump exceeded three-quarters of the vote in the county.

Voters in New Madrid County generally adhere to socially and culturally conservative principles but are more moderate or populist on economic issues, typical of the Dixiecrat philosophy. In 2004, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to define marriage as the union between a man and a woman. New Madrid County passed it with 83.82 percent of the vote. The initiative passed the state with 71 percent support as Missouri became the first state to ban same-sex marriage. In 2006, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to fund and legalize embryonic stem cell research in the state—it failed in New Madrid County with 56.09 percent voting against the measure. The initiative narrowly passed the state with 51 percent of support from voters as Missouri became one of the first states in the nation to approve embryonic stem cell research.

Despite New Madrid County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in the county support such populist causes as increasing the minimum wage. In 2006, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition B) to increase the minimum wage in the state to $6.50 an hour—it passed New Madrid County with 75.66 percent of the vote. The proposition was strongly in every county in Missouri, with 78.99 percent voting in favor. During the same election, voters in five other states also strongly approved increases in the minimum wage.

Missouri presidential preference primary (2008)

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In the 2008 presidential primary, voters in New Madrid County from both political parties supported candidates who finished in second place in the state at large and nationally. Former U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton (D-New York) received more votes, a total of 1,801, than any candidate from either party in New Madrid County during the 2008 presidential primary. She also received more votes than the total number of votes cast in the entire Republican Primary in New Madrid County.

See also

References

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  8. ↑ https://kinder.rice.edu/urbanedge/large-young-and-fast-growing-sun-belt-metros-need-urban-policy-innovation#:~:text=The%20Kinder%20Institute%20defines%20the,degrees%2030%20minutes%20north%20latitude
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  23. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  24. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  25. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  26. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". - Text list
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links

Template:Geographic location

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Template:Authority control

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