Nový Jičín
Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator. Nový Jičín (Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Langx) is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. The historic centre of Nový Jičín is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Nový Jičín is known for the hatmaking industry and is nicknamed the "town of hats".
Administrative division
Nový Jičín consists of six municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):[1]
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- Nový Jičín (16,848)
- Bludovice (391)
- Kojetín (195)
- Loučka (2,997)
- Straník (489)
- Žilina (1,736)
Etymology
There are two theories as to how the name "Jičín" came about. According to local legends, it could be derived from the brave daughter of a local castle owner named Jitka (Jitčín, later evolved to Jičín). Another theory derives the name from the Slavic word for 'wild boar' dik (Dičín, later amended to Jičín).[2]
The attribute Nový ('new') was added to distinguish it from Starý Jičín ('old Jičín').
Geography
Nový Jičín is located about Script error: No such module "convert". southwest of Ostrava. It lies in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills. The highest point is the hill Dlouhý kopec at Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level. The town is situated on the Jičínka River, at its confluence with the streams Zrzávka, Grasmanka and Rakovec.
History
The first written mention of Nový Jičín is from 1313, however it was probably founded around 1280. It was established as the economic centre of the Starý Jičín estate. It was a property of Lords of Kravaře and later of the Zierotin family.[2]
Žerotínský Castle was originally part of the town fortifications, the construction of which began in the 1380s and continued in the early 16th century. During the rule of Bedřich of Zierotin (1533–1541), the castle was rebuilt into a Renaissance residence.[3][4]
In 1620, Frederick V promoted Nový Jičín to a royal town. The town was decimated by Thirty Years' War and by large fires in 1768 and 1773.[2]
In the 19th century, the Jewish population returned to the town and large textile factories were established. The hatter industry has flourished and Nový Jičín is still today called the "town of hats".[2] During the industrialization in the mid-19th century, two town gates and most turrets and attic of the castle were demolished. Only two defense towers were left in memory.[4]
Until 1918, the town was part of Austria-Hungary, head of the district with the same name, one of the 34 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Moravia.[5]
After the end of World War I, by 24 November 1918, the town became part of the Czechoslovak Republic.[6]
The German population was expelled in 1945.
Demographics
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Economy
Nový Jičín is known for the hatting industry. Hats have been made here since 1630. The mechanical production began here in 1865 and is the oldest hat factory in the world. The modern TONAK company was established in 1945 and is still one of the three largest headwear manufacturers in the world.[7][8]
The largest employer with headquarters in the town is Hanon Systems Autopal, a manufacturer of refrigeration and air conditioning components for the automotive industry. The company employs more than 1,500 people.[9]
Transport
Nový Jičín lies on the European route E462. The town lies about Script error: No such module "convert". from the station on the high-speed railway line in Suchdol nad Odrou. There is the Nový Jičín–Suchdol nad Odrou railway line of local importance.
The largest airport in the region, Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava is about 15 kilometres from Nový Jičín.[10]
Sights
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The historic core of Nový Jičín is a Renaissance-Baroque town with a pure example of medieval urbanism of the second half of the 13th century. In its centre is a square with arcades and a rectangular system of adjacent streets. In the 16th century, the arcades were built and the wooden houses were replaced by stone ones.[3]
The town square is lined by preserved Renaissance and Baroque burger houses. The town hall was a Renaissance house from the 16th century, rebuilt to the town hall in 1661. In 1881, the façade was rebuilt and modified in the pseudo-Gothic style. In 1929–1930, an insensitive pseudo-Renaissance reconstruction was made.[11]
The most valuable house is Stará pošta (i.e. "old post office"), a two-storey Renaissance house from 1563.[12] In a historic house where general Ernst Gideon von Laudon died in 1790 is the tourist information centre and an exposition of the hat-making tradition of Nový Jičín.[13]
The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is the landmark of the historic centre. It has a Renaissance Script error: No such module "convert". high tower from 1587. The original Gothic castle was replaced by the current building by the Jesuits in 1732–1740.[14]
The oldest stone building in Nový Jičín is the Žerotínský Castle from the 1380s. Today it houses the regional museum.[3][4] Only a bastion from 1613 and few fragments of the town walls are preserved to this day.[15]
Notable people
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- Ernst Gideon von Laudon (1717–1790), German-Austrian generalisimo; died here
- Peter von Rittinger (1811–1872), Austrian engineer and inventor
- Eduard Veith (1858–1925), Austrian painter
- Otakar Bystřina (1861–1931), writer; lived and worked here
- Adolf Herz (1862–1947), Austrian-Swiss engineer and inventor
- Hugo Baar (1873–1912), Moravian-German landscape painter
- Božena Benešová (1873–1936), writer
- Alfred Neubauer (1891–1980), racing manager
- Fred Liewehr (1909–1993), Austrian actor
- Frederick Tintner (1912–2015), Czech-British soldier
- Max Mannheimer (1920–2016), writer, survivor of the Holocaust
- Vladimír Válek (1935–2025), conductor
- Harun Farocki (1944–2014), German filmmaker and author
- František Černík (born 1953), ice hockey player
- Stanislav Moša (born 1956), theatre and musical director
- Karel Stromšík (born 1958), footballer
- Vlasta Redl (born 1959), folk musician
- Kateřina Konečná (born 1981), politician
- Rostislav Klesla (born 1982), ice hockey player
- Tomáš Sklenák (born 1982), handball player
- Lenka Masná (born 1985), athlete
- Karolína Huvarová (born 1986), fitness trainer and model
- Petra Klosová (born 1986), swimmer
Twin towns – sister cities
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Nový Jičín is twinned with:[16]
- Template:Flagicon Épinal, France
- Template:Flagicon Görlitz, Germany
- Template:Flagicon Kremnica, Slovakia
- Template:Flagicon Ludwigsburg, Germany
- Template:Flagicon Novellara, Italy
- Template:Flagicon Świętochłowice, Poland
References
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- ↑ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967
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