Pentyl group

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Pentyl group

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Template:Longitem	Template:Chem2
Molar mass	71.1408 g/mol

Pentyl is a five-carbon alkyl group or substituent with chemical formula Template:Chem2. It is the substituent form of the alkane pentane.

In older literature, the common non-systematic name amyl was often used for the pentyl group. Conversely, the name pentyl was used for several five-carbon branched alkyl groups, distinguished by various prefixes. The nomenclature has now reversed, with "amyl" being more often used to refer to the terminally branched group also called isopentyl, as in amobarbital.

A cyclopentyl group is a ring with the formula Template:Chem2.

The name is also used for the pentyl radical, a pentyl group as an isolated molecule. This free radical is only observed in extreme conditions. Its formula is often written "Template:Chem/link•" or "• ⁠Template:Chem/link" to indicate that it has one unsatisfied valence bond. Radicals like pentyl are reactive, they react with neighboring atoms or molecules (like oxygen, water, etc.)

Older "pentyl" groups

The following names are still used sometimes:

Name	Structure	IUPAC status	IUPAC recomm.	Examples
n-pentyl, amyl	Template:Chem/link−Template:Chem/link−		pentyl
tert-pentyl	Template:Chem/link−Template:Chem/link−Template:Chem/linkC−	No longer recommended	2-methylbutan-2-yl (aka 1,1-dimethylpropyl)
neopentyl	Template:Chem/linkC−Template:Chem/link−	No longer recommended	2,2-dimethylpropyl
isopentyl, amyl, isoamyl	Template:Chem/linkCH−Template:Chem/link−	No longer recommended	3-methylbutyl
sec-pentyl	Template:Chem/link−Template:Chem/link−(Template:Chem/link−)CH−		pentan-2-yl(or (1-methylbutyl))
3-pentyl	Template:Chem/linkCH−		pentan-3-yl (also known as 1-ethylpropyl)
sec-isopentyl	Template:Chem/linkTemplate:Chem/link−Template:Chem/linkCH−		3-methylbutan-2-yl (or 1,2-dimethylpropyl)
active pentyl	Template:Chem/link−Template:Chem/link−(Template:Chem/link−)CH−Template:Chem/link−		2-methylbutyl

Pentyl radical

The free radical pentyl was studied by J. Pacansky and A. Gutierrez in 1983. The radical was obtained by exposing bishexanoyl peroxide trapped in frozen argon to ultraviolet light, that caused its decomposition into two carbon dioxide (Template:Chem/link) molecules and two pentyl radicals.

Examples

• Pentanol
• Pentyl pentanoate
• Amylamine
• Amyl acetate
• Amyl alcohol
• Amylmetacresol
• Isoamyl acetate
• Isoamyl alcohol