Nawab of Awadh
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox former monarchy
The Nawab of Awadh or Nawab of Oudh Template:IPAc-en was the title of the rulers of Kingdom of Awadh (anglicised as Oudh) in northern India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to an Iranian dynasty[1][2][3] of Sayyid origin[4]Template:Sfn from Nishapur, Iran. In 1724, Nawab Sa'adat Khan established the Kingdom of Awadh with their capital in Faizabad and Lucknow.
History
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The Nawabs of Awadh were semi-autonomous rulers within the fragmented polities of Mughal India after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. They fought wars with the Peshwa, the Battle of Bhopal (1737) against the Maratha Confederacy (which was opposed to the Mughal Empire), and the Battle of Karnal (1739) as courtiers of the Moghul.[5]
The Nawabs of Awadh, along with many other Nawabs, were regarded as members of the nobility of the Mughal Empire. They joined Ahmad Shah Durrani during the Third Battle of Panipat (1761) and restored Shah Alam II (Template:Reign and 1788–1806) to the imperial throne. The Nawab of Awadh also fought the Battle of Buxar (1764) preserving the interests of the Moghul. Oudh State eventually declared itself independent from the rule of the Moghul in 1818.[6]
List of rulers
All of these rulers of the Royal House of Awadh used the title of Nawab from 1722 onward:
| Portrait | Titular Name | Personal Name | Birth | Reign | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Saadat Ali Khan I.jpg | Burhan ul Mulk Sa'adat Khan برہان الملک سعادت خان |
Saadat Ali Khan I سعادت علی خان |
1680 Nishapur, Khurasan, Safavid dynasty, Persia | 1722 – 19 March 1739 | 1739 |
| File:Safdarjung, second Nawab of Awadh, Mughal dynasty. India. early 18th century.jpg | Abul-Mansur Khan Safdar Jung ابو المنصور خان صفدرجنگ |
Muhammad Muqim محمد مقیم |
1708 | 1739 – 5 October 1754 | 1754 |
| File:अवध के नवाब शुजाउद्दौला.jpg | Shuja-ud-Daula شجاع الدولہ |
Jalal-ud-din Haider Abul-Mansur Khan جلال الدین حیدر ابا المنصور خان |
1732 | 1754 – 26 January 1775 | 1775 |
| File:Asifportrait2 - Asuf ud Daula.jpg | Asaf-ud-Daula آصف الدولہ |
Muhammad Yahya Mirza Amani | 1748 | 26 January 1775 – 20 April 1797 | 1798 |
| File:WazirAliKhan.jpg | Asif Jah Mirza آصف جاہ میرزا |
Wazir Ali Khan وزیر علی خان |
1780 | 21 September 1797 – 21 January 1798 | 1817 |
| File:Saadat Ali Khan II.jpg | Yamin-ud-Daula یمین الدولہ |
Saadat Ali Khan II سعادت علی خان دوم |
1752 | 21 January 1798 – 11 July 1814 | 1814 |
| File:Ghazi-ud-Din Haider Robert Home 1820.jpg | Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah غازی الدین حیدر شاہ |
Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah غازی الدین حیدر شاہ |
1769 | 11 July 1814 – 19 October 1827 | 1827 |
| File:Nasir ud din haidar.jpg | Abul- Mansur Qutub-ud-din Sulaiman jah ابا المنصور قطب الدین سلیمان جاہ |
Nasir-ud-Din Haidar Shah ناصر الدیں حیدر شاہ |
1803 | 19 October 1827 – 7 July 1837 | 1837 |
| File:MuhammadAliShah.jpg | Abul Fateh Moin-ud-din ابا الفاتح معین الدین |
Muhammad Ali Shah محمّد علی شاہ |
1777 | 7 July 1837 – 7 May 1842 | 1842 |
| File:AmjadAliShah.jpg | Najm-ud-Daula Abul-Muzaffar Musleh-ud-din نجم الدولہ ابا المظفر مصلح الدین |
Amjad Ali Shah امجد علی شاہ |
1801 | 7 May 1842 – 13 February 1847 | 1847 |
| File:Vajid Ali Shah.jpg | Abul-Mansur Mirza ابا المنصور میرزا |
Wajid Ali Shah واجد علی شاہ |
1822 | 13 February 1847 – 11 February 1856 | 1 September 1887 |
| File:Begum hazrat mahal.jpg | Mohammadi Khanum محمدی خانم |
Begum Hazrat Mahal بیگم حضرت محل |
1820 | 11 February 1856 – 5 July 1857 Wife of Wajid Ali Shah and mother of Birjis Qadra (in rebellion) |
7 April 1879 |
| File:Birjis Qadra.jpg | Ramzan Ali رمضان علی |
Birjis Qadr بر جیس قدر |
1845 | 5 July 1857 – 3 March 1858 (in rebellion) |
14 August 1893 |
Decendants to the throne of Awadh
- Meerza family....
- Nawab Meher Quder Zahid Ali Meerza (son of Nawab Birjis Qadr)
- Nawab Kaukab Quder Meerza (son of Nawab Meher Quder Zahid Ali Meerza)[7]
- Nawab Kamran Meerza (son of Kaukab Meerza)[7]
- Mohammed Sulaiman Qudr Meerza (son of Kamran Meerza)
- Nawab Kamran Meerza (son of Kaukab Meerza)[7]
- Nawab Kaukab Quder Meerza (son of Nawab Meher Quder Zahid Ali Meerza)[7]
- Nawab Meher Quder Zahid Ali Meerza (son of Nawab Birjis Qadr)
- Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan Sheesh Mahal[8]
Gallery
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Saadat Ali Khan I, the first Nawab of Awadh, who laid the foundation of that state.
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Safdarjung is accused of making peace with the Maratha Confederacy.
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Shuja-ud-Daula fought the Maratha Confederacy during the Third Battle of Panipat on behalf of the Great Moghul, he's also known to have fought during the Battle of Buxar.
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Shuja ud-Daula and his ten sons
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Shuja-ud-Daulah on a hunt
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Shuja's army in Oudh
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Oudh Cavalry
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Mumtaz-ud-Daulah of the Budh Royal Family attributed to Felice Beato
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Moksim-ud-Daulah
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Gates of the Palace at Lucknow by W. Daniell, 1801.
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Gate of the Lal-Bagh fort at Faizabad in 1801.
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See also
References
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- ↑ Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam Template:Webarchive By Juan Ricardo Cole
- ↑ Encyclopædia Iranica, [1] Template:Webarchive, R. B. Barnett
- ↑ Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation by Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib
- ↑ Template:Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition
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Further reading
- Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava (1899–1973): The First Two Nawabs of Awadh. A critical study based on original sources. With a foreword by Sir Jadunath Sarkar. Lucknow : The Upper India Publishing House 1933. xi, 301 S. Originally Phil. Diss. Lucknow 1932. 2. rev. and corr. ed. Agra : Shiv Lal Agarwal 1954. About Burhan ul Mulk Sa'adat Khan (1680–1739) and Safdar Jang (1708–1754), Nawabs of Awadh
- Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava (1899–1973): Shuja-ud-Daulah. Vol. I (1754–1765). Calcutta : Sarkar Midland Press 1939 A thesis approved for the degree of doctor of letters by the Agra University in 1938. 2., rev. and corr. ed. Agra : Shiva Lal Agarwala 1961. Vol. II (1765–1775) Lahore : Minerva 1945. 2. ed. Agra : Agarwal 1974. About Shuja-ud-Daula (1732–1775), Nawab of Awadh
External links
- Nawabs of Awadh
- THE COURT LIFE UNDER THE NAWABS OF AWADH (1754–1797)
- Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq:Religion and State in Awadh, 1722–1859, by J. R. I. Cole. University of California Press, 1989.
- HISTORICAL SERIES No. LVI
- Advanced study in the history of modern India, Volume 2, by G. S. Chhabra, Lotus Press, 1 January 2005