National Republican Party

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Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Conservatism US The National Republican Party, also known as the Anti-Jacksonian Party or simply Republicans,[1] was a political party in the United States which evolved from a conservative-leaning faction of the Democratic-Republican Party that supported John Quincy Adams in the 1824 presidential election.

Known initially as Adams–Clay Republicans in the wake of the 1824 campaign, Adams's political allies in Congress and at the state-level were referred to as "Adams's Men" during his presidency (1825–1829). When Andrew Jackson became president, following his victory over Adams in the 1828 election, this group became the opposition, and organized themselves as "Anti-Jackson". The use of the term "National Republican" dates from 1830.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Henry Clay was the party's nominee in the 1832 election, but was defeated by Jackson. The party supported Clay's American System of nationally financed internal improvements and a protective tariff. After the 1832 election, opponents of Jackson, including the National Republicans, Anti-Masons and others, coalesced into the Whig Party.

History

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Before the election of John Quincy Adams to the presidency in 1825, the Democratic-Republican Party, which had been the only national American political party for over a decade, began to fracture, losing its infrastructure and identity. Its caucuses no longer met to select candidates because now they had separate interests. After the 1824 election, factions developed in support of Adams and in support of Andrew Jackson. Adams politicians, including most ex-Federalists (such as Daniel Webster and Adams himself), would gradually become members of the National Republican Party; and those politicians that supported Jackson would later help form the modern Democratic Party.

After Adams's defeat in the 1828 election, his supporters regrouped around Henry Clay. Now the "anti-Jackson" opposition, they soon organized as the National Republican Party. Led by Clay, the new party maintained its historic nationalistic outlook and desired to use national resources to build a strong economy. Its platform was Clay's American System of nationally financed internal improvements and a protective tariff, which would promote faster economic development. More important, by binding together the diverse interests of the different regions, the party intended to promote national unity and harmony.

Historians refer to the National Republican Party, but the term Anti-Jackson was frequently used at the time. For instance in 1830, Alexander McIlhenny recorded in his diary, "May 29th: I attended the Anti Jackson meeting at Sultzers in Taney Town. Addressed a few words to the meeting."[2]Template:Rp

The National Republicans saw the Union as a corporate, organic whole. Hence, the rank and file idealized Clay for his comprehensive perspective on the national interest. Conversely, they disdained those they identified as "party" politicians for pandering to local interests at the expense of the national interest.[3] The party met in national convention in late 1831 and nominated Clay for the presidency and John Sergeant for the vice presidency.

Formation of the Whig Party

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The Whig Party emerged in 1833–1834 after Clay's defeat as a coalition of National Republicans, along with Anti-Masons, disaffected Jacksonians and people whose last political activity had been with the Federalists a decade before. In the short term, the Whig Party formed with the help of other smaller parties in a coalition against President Jackson and his reforms.

National Republican presidents

John Quincy Adams was the only president to come from the National Republican Party.

# Name (lifespan) Portrait State Presidency
start date 		Presidency
end date 		Time in office
6 Script error: No such module "Sort". (1767–1848) File:JQA Photo Crop (3x4 cropped).jpg Massachusetts March 4, 1825 March 4, 1829 Template:Ayd

Electoral history

Presidential tickets

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Election Ticket Popular vote Electoral vote
Presidential nominee Running mate Percentage Electoral votes Ranking
1828 John Quincy Adams Richard Rush 44.0 Template:Composition bar 2
1832 Henry Clay John Sergeant 37.4 Template:Composition bar 2

Congressional representation

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Congress Years Senate[4] House of Representatives[5] President
Total style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Pro-Jackson Pro-Adams Others Vacancies Total style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Pro-Jackson Pro-Adams Others Vacancies
19th 1825–1827 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 26 22 — — 213 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 104 109 — — John Quincy Adams[6]
20th 1827–1829 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 27 21 — — style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 213 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 113 100 — —
Congress Years Total style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Pro-Jackson Anti-Jackson Others Vacancies Total style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Pro-Jackson Anti-Jackson Others Vacancies President
21st 1829–1831 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 25 23 — — style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 213 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 136 72 5 — style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" rowspan=4 | Andrew Jackson
22nd 1831–1833 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 24 22 2 — style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 213 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 126 66 21 —
23rd 1833–1835 48 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 20 26 2 — style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 240 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 143 63 34 —
24th 1835–1837 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 52 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 26 24 2 — style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 242 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 143 75 24 —

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  6. ↑ Adams won election as a Democratic-Republican, but he sought re-election as a National Republican.

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Further reading

  • Michael F. Holt. The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War. New York. Oxford University Press. 1999.
  • Carroll, E. Malcolm. Origins of the Whig Party. Durham, NC. Duke University Press. 1925.
  • Robert V. Remini. Henry Clay: A Statesman for the Union. New York. W. W. Norton and Co. 1992.

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