Narrow-gap semiconductor
Template:Short description Narrow-gap semiconductors are semiconducting materials with a magnitude of bandgap that is smaller than 0.7 eV, which corresponds to an infrared absorption cut-off wavelength over 2.5 micron. A more extended definition includes all semiconductors with bandgaps smaller than silicon (1.1 eV).[1][2] Modern terahertz,[3] infrared,[4] and thermographic[5] technologies are all based on this class of semiconductors.
Narrow-gap materials made it possible to realize satellite remote sensing,[6] photonic integrated circuits for telecommunications,[7][8][9] and unmanned vehicle Li-Fi systems,[10] in the regime of Infrared detector and thermography.[11][12] They are also the materials basis for terahertz technology, including security surveillance of concealed weapon uncovering,[13][14][15] safe medical and industrial imaging with terahertz tomography,[16][17][18] as well as dielectric wakefield accelerators.[19][20][21] Besides, thermophotovoltaics embedded with narrow-gap semiconductors can potentially use the traditionally wasted portion of solar energy that takes up ~49% of the sun light spectrum.[22][23] Spacecraft, deep ocean instruments, and vacuum physics setups use narrow-gap semiconductors to achieve cryogenic cooling.[24][25]
List of narrow-gap semiconductors
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Name Chemical formula Groups Band gap (300 K) Mercury cadmium telluride Hg1−xCdxTe II-VI 0 to 1.5 eV Mercury zinc telluride Hg1−xZnxTe II-VI 0.15 to 2.25 eV Lead selenide PbSe IV-VI 0.27 eV Lead(II) sulfide PbS IV-VI 0.37 eV Tellurium Te VI ~0.3 eV Lead telluride PbTe IV-VI 0.32 eV Magnetite Fe3O4 Transition Metal-VI 0.14 eV Indium arsenide InAs III-V 0.354 eV Indium antimonide InSb III-V 0.17 eV Germanium Ge IV 0.67 eV Gallium antimonide GaSb III-V 0.67 eV Cadmium arsenide Cd3As2 II-V 0.5 to 0.6 eV Bismuth telluride Bi2Te3 0.21 eV Tin telluride SnTe IV-VI 0.18 eV Tin selenide SnSe IV-VI 0.9 eV Silver(I) selenide Ag2Se 0.07 eV Magnesium silicide Mg2Si II-IV 0.79 eV[26]
See also
References
Further reading
- Dornhaus, R., Nimtz, G., Schlicht, B. (1983). Narrow-Gap Semiconductors. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics 98, Template:ISBN (print) Template:ISBN (online)
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- ↑ Lovett, D. R. Semimetals and narrow-bandgap semiconductors; Pion Limited: London, 1977; Chapter 7.
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- ↑ "Space in Images – 2002–06 – Meeting the team".
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- ↑ Winner of the 2003/04 Research Councils' Business Plan Competition – 24 February 2004. epsrc.ac.uk. 27 February 2004
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