Muzaffarids (Gujarat)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description The Muzaffarid dynasty, also called the Muzaffarids, and sometimes, the Ahmedabad dynasty, ruled the Sultanate of Gujarat in western India from 1391 to 1583. The founder of the dynasty was Zafar Khan (later Muzaffar Shah I) who was governor of Gujarat under the Delhi Sultanate. When the Sultanate was weakened by the sacking of Delhi by Timur in 1398, and Zafar Khan took the opportunity to establish himself as sultan of an independent Gujarat. His Grand son, Ahmed Shah I established the capital at Ahmedabad.[1] The dynasty ruled for almost 200 years, until the conquest of Gujarat by the Mughal Empire in 1572.[2] The sultanate reached its peak of expansion under Mahmud Begada, reaching east into Malwa and west to the Gulf of Kutch.[3]

Origins

The Muzaffarid dynasty was founded by Zafar Khan. He has been described to be of Indian origins by scholars. There have been various claims about their origin from medieval to modern historians.

According to medieval historians, he was son of Saharan who was a Muslim Kalal or wine seller. His aunt (sister of Saharan) married Firuz Shah Tughlaq after which they converted to Islam and rose to prominence.[4][5] Medieval historians including Ibn Battuta and Ziauddin Barani wrote about his family belonging to Khumars or vinteners, known for wine selling.[6][7] Later, other medieval historians described them with their Hindustani name Kalal.[7][8] Historians like Kiran Pawar and Iqtidar Khan Siddiqi suggest their origin to be of Kalal tribe. Pawar credited their rise with high positions to the love affair turned marriage of Saharan's sister and Tughlaq.[4]

Zafar Khan's father Saharan, has been variously described as a Chaudhary who was an agriculturist by profession of a caste lower in traditional hierarchy.[9] Other historians including Aparna Kapadia suggest that he might have been a Tank Rajput. Kapadia has described him to hail from Thanesar in modern-day Haryana.[10] Meanwhile, historians like Andre Wink suggest Zafar Khan's origin to be of a Tānk Khatri[11] from southern Punjab.[12] Some historians like V.K. Agnihotri and S.A.A. Rizvi describe him to be a Jat convert to Islam.[13][14]

During the reign of Bahadur Shah, the Gujarat kingdom was described to be of Afghan origin.[15][16][17] Zafar Khan adopted the name Wajih-ul-Mulk. Wajih-ul-Mulk and his brother were influential Chaudharis who were agriculturists by profession but could also muster thousands of fighting men on their call.[18] His Hindu forebears claimed descent from Rāmachandra, who the Hindus worshipped as God. Such genealogies were fabricated to glorify royalty and were generally not accepted.[19] When the Sultanate was weakened by the sacking of Delhi by Timur in 1398, and Zafar Khan took the opportunity to establish himself as sultan of an independent Gujarat. His grand son, Ahmed Shah I established the capital at Ahmedabad.[1] The dynasty ruled for almost 200 years, until the conquest of Gujarat by the Mughal Empire in 1572.[2] The sultanate reached its peak of expansion under Mahmud Begada, reaching east into Malwa and west to the Gulf of Kutch.[3]

Sultans of Gujarat Sultanate

Title/Name[20] Personal Name Reign
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah I
شمس الدین مظفر شاہ اول 		Zafar Khan 1391–1403 (1st Reign)
Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah I
نصیر الدین محمد شاہ اول 		Tatar Khan 1403–1404
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah I
شمس الدین مظفر شاہ اول 		Zafar Khan 1404–1411 (2nd Reign)
Nasir-ud-Din Ahmad Shah I
ناصر الدین احمد شاہ اول 		Ahmad Khan 1411–1442
Muizz-ud-Din Muhammad Shah II
المعز الدین محمد شاہ دوم 		Karim Khan 1442–1451
Qutb-ud-Din Ahmad Shah II
قطب الدین احمد شاہ دوم 		Jalal Khan 1451–1458
Daud Shah
داود شاہ 		Daud Khan 1458
Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I (Mahmud Begada)
ناصر الدین محمود شاہ اول محمود بگڑا 		Fateh Khan 25 May 1458 – 23 November 1511
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah II
شمس الدین مظفر شاہ دوم 		Khalil Khan 23 November 1511 – 5 April 1526
Sikandar Shah
سکندر شاہ 		Sikandar Khan 1526
Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II
ناصر الدین محمود شاہ دوم 		Nasir Khan 1526
Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah
قطب الدین بہادرشاہ 		Bahadur Khan 1526–25 April 1535 (1st Reign)
Interregnum Mughal Empire under Humayun: 1535–1536
Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah
قطب الدین بہادرشاہ 		Bahadur Khan 1536–13 February 1537 (2nd Reign)
Miran Muhammad Shah I
میران محمد شاہ تریہم 		Miran Muhammad Faruqi of Khandesh 6 weeks; 1537
Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah III
ناصر الدین محمود شاہ تریہم 		Mahmud Khan 10 May 1537 – 1554
Ghiyas-ud-Din Ahmad Shah III
غیاث الدین احمد شاہ تریہم 		Ahmad Khan 1554–1561
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III
شمس الدین مظفر شاہ تریہم 		Hubboo[21] or Nannu or Nathu[22](a pretender according to Mughal historians) 1561–1573
Interregnum Mughal Empire under Akbar: 1573–1583
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III
شمس الدین مظفر شاہ تریہم 		Hubboo or Nannu or Nathu (a pretender according to Mughal historians) 1583 (Restored)
Mughal Empire under Akbar

Family tree

Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".Script error: No such module "Tree chart".

See also

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ *Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
    • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
    • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
    • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys Series; Author:Clifford Edmund Bosworth Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Muzaffarids_(Gujarat)&oldid=1295998"