St Fagans National Museum of History

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St Fagans National Museum of History (Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell".; Template:Langx), commonly referred to as St Fagans after the village where it is located, is an open-air museum in St Fagans, Cardiff, Wales, chronicling the historical lifestyle, culture, and architecture of the Welsh people. The museum is part of the wider network of Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales.[1]

It consists of more than forty re-erected buildings from various locations in Wales, and is set in the grounds of St Fagans Castle, a Grade I listed Elizabethan manor house.[2] In 2011 Which? magazine named the museum the United Kingdom's favourite visitor attraction.[3]

A six-year, £30-million revamp was completed in 2018 and the museum was named the Art Fund Museum of the Year in 2019.[4]

History

The museum was founded in 1946 following the donation of the castle and lands by the Earl of Plymouth.[5] It opened its doors to the public in 1948, under the name of the Welsh Folk Museum. The museum's name in Welsh (also meaning "Welsh Folk Museum") has remained unchanged since that date, whereas the English title was revised to Museum of Welsh Life, thereafter St Fagans National History Museum, and again to its current title.[1][6]

The brainchild of Iorwerth Peate, the museum was modelled on Skansen, the outdoor museum of vernacular Swedish architecture in Stockholm. Most structures re-erected in Skansen were built of wood and are thus easily taken apart and reassembled, but a comparable museum in Wales was going to be more ambitious, as much of the vernacular architecture of Wales is made of masonry.[2][5]

2017 refurbishment

A redeveloped main reception building was opened in July 2017.[7] The six-year, £30-million redevelopment of the site, which was funded by a number of sources, notably the Welsh Government and the National Lottery, was completed in October 2018.[8][9]

The £30-million redevelopment project provided many benefits, including three new galleries showcasing Wales’ history, improvements to buildings such as the Iron Age farmstead, Bryn Eryr, and Medieval Prince's court and Llys Llywelyn, as well as a refurbished main entrance building and a new restaurant, play area and learning spaces.[10] One of the new buildings, the Gweithdy ('workshop'), features Stone Age tools and stick chairs.[11]

In June 2019, St Fagans was named UK's Museum of the Year 2019 by the Art Fund, which commended the facility's "exceptional imagination, innovation and achievement".[12]

Buildings and exhibits

File:Interior of late 19th century terraced house - National History Museum of Wales, St Fagans - geograph.org.uk - 659421.jpg
Interior of late 19th century terraced house (Rhyd-y-Car ironworkers' cottages)

The museum comprises more than forty buildings representing the architecture of Wales,[5] including a nonconformist chapel (in this case, Unitarian),[13] a village schoolhouse, a toll road tollbooth (below), a cockpit (below), a pigsty (below), and a tannery (below).[6]

The museum holds displays of traditional crafts, with a working blacksmith forge, a pottery, a weaver, a miller, and a clog maker. It also includes two working water mills: one flour mill and one wool mill. Part of the site includes a small working farm which concentrates on preserving local Welsh native breeds of livestock. Produce from the museum's bakery and flour mill is available for sale.[2]

The medieval parish church of Saint Teilo, formerly at Llandeilo Tal-y-bont in west Glamorgan (restored to its pre-Reformation state), was opened in October 2007 by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, and still serves as a place of worship for Christmas, Easter, and Harvest Thanksgiving.[2] A Tudor merchant's house from Haverfordwest was opened in 2012.[14] A relocation of the historic Vulcan public house from Newtown in Cardiff to St Fagans was completed in May 2024.[15][16]

Although the museum was intended to preserve aspects of Welsh rural life, it now includes several buildings that depict the industrial working life that succeeded it, that being almost extinct in Wales. There is a row of workers' cottages, depicting furnishing from 1800 to 1985, from Rhyd-y-car near Merthyr Tydfil (below), as well as the pristine Oakdale Workmen's Institute. A post-war prefabricated bungalow (below) represents later domestic lifestyles.[17]

From 1996 to 2012, the museum hosted the Everyman Summer Theatre Festival when it re-located from Dyffryn Gardens. This festival, which includes a Shakespeare play, a musical, and a children's show, has become part of the Welsh theatrical calendar since its founding at Dyffryn in 1983.[18][19]

Scenes from the Doctor Who episodes "Human Nature" and "The Family of Blood" were filmed at the museum.[20][21][22]

Based on archaeological findings, a reconstruction of Llys Rhosyr, a thirteenth-century court of the princes of Gwynedd,[23][24] was completed and opened to the public in October 2018. Called Llys Llewelyn ('Llewelyn's Court'), it was opened with the intention that schoolchildren would be able to stay in the buildings overnight, from spring 2019.[25]

The Gweithdy ('Workshop'), a sustainable building designed by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios, was first opened in July 2017;[26] a café was later added. The new gallery was opened in October 2018, housing improved facilities for visitors while supporting the study of collections and hosting demonstrations and workshops by traditional craftsmen.[7]

List of structures

Image Name Date Re-erected Original site County
(historic) 		Unitary Authority
(modern) 		Listing
File:St Fagans Museum Main Building 2018.jpg Main entrance and administration offices
(Dale Owen of Percy Thomas Partnership architects). 		1968–74 — St Fagans Glamorgan Cardiff Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:St Teilo's Church, St Fagans National History Museum.jpg St Teilo's Church 1100–c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

(present form: c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)

2007 Llandeilo Tal-y-bont, near Pontarddulais Glamorgan Swansea
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File:Boat-house and Net-house, National History Museum, St Fagans 1458922 geograph.org.uk.jpg Boathouse and nethouse (Reconstruction)
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File:Cilewent farmhouse, St Fagans.jpg Cilewent farmhouse Script error: No such module "sort".

(present form: 1734)

1959 Cwmdauddwr Radnorshire Powys Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:St Fagans National History Museum 62.JPG Clogmaker's workshop — — Ysgeifiog, near St Davids Pembrokeshire Pembrokeshire
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File:Tudor1.jpg Tudor Merchant's House Script error: No such module "sort". 2012 Haverfordwest Pembrokeshire Pembrokeshire
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File:Hendre'r Ywydd Uchaf farmhouse, St Fagans.jpg Hendre'r Ywydd Uchaf farmhouse 1508 1962 Llangynhafal, near Llandyrnog Denbighshire Denbighshire Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Y Garreg Fawr, Sain Ffagan.jpg Y Garreg Fawr farmhouse 1544 1984 Waunfawr Caernarfonshire Gwynedd
File:Stryd Lydan Barn, St Fagans, from north-east.jpg Stryt Lydan barn 1550 c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1951 Penley Flintshire Wrexham Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:St Fagans Castle 2008.jpg St Fagans Castle 1580 — St Fagans Glamorgan Cardiff Template:Grade I colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Dovecote at St Fagans National Museum of History 1.jpg Dovecote 18th century — St Fagans Glamorgan Cardiff Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Barn, National History Museum of Wales.jpg Hendre Wen barn 1600 c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1982 Llanrwst Denbighshire Conwy
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File:The cockpit at St Fagans - geograph.org.uk - 631971.jpg Hawk and Buckle Inn cockpit
(Denbigh Cockpit) 		Script error: No such module "sort". 1970 Denbigh Denbighshire Denbighshire Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Kennixton Farmhouse April 2012.JPG Kennixton Farmhouse 1610 1955 Llangennith Glamorgan Swansea Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Courtyard Castle St Fagans 01.JPG Lead cistern in east forecourt
of St Fagans Castle 		1620 Template:-- St Fagans Glamorgan Cardiff Template:Grade II* colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Abernodwydd Farmhouse, St Fagans Museum of Welsh Life.jpg Abernodwydd farmhouse 1678 1955 Llangadfan Montgomeryshire Powys Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Fagan264.JPG Llawr-y-glyn Smithy Script error: No such module "sort". 1972 Llawryglyn Montgomeryshire Powys Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Tannery - National History Museum of Wales, St Fagans - geograph.org.uk - 659437.jpg Rhaeadr Tannery Script error: No such module "sort". 1968 Rhayader Montgomeryshire Powys Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Woollen Mill St Fagans (geograph 4854339).jpg Esgair Moel woollen mill 1760 1952 Llanwrtyd Brecknockshire Powys Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Llainfadyn Cottage, St Fagans Museum, Cardiff (geograph 5896796).jpg Llainfadyn Cottage 1762 1962 Rhostryfan Caernarfonshire Gwynedd Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Nant Wallter Cottage St Fagans.jpg Nant Wallter cottage 1770 c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1993 Taliaris, near Llandeilo Carmarthenshire Carmarthenshire
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File:Penparcau tollhouse, St Fagans.jpg Southgate tollhouse
(Penparcau Tollhouse) 		1772 1968 Penparcau, Aberystwyth Cardiganshire Ceredigion Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Pen Rhiw chapel, St Fagans.jpg Pen Rhiw Unitarian chapel
(Capel Pen-rhiw) 		1777 1956 Dre-fach Felindre Carmarthenshire Carmarthenshire Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Fagan278.JPG Cae Adda byre Script error: No such module "sort". 2003 Waunfawr Caernarfonshire Gwynedd
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File:Corbelled Pigsty.jpg Pigsty 1800 c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1977 Hendre Ifan Prosser Glamorgan Rhondda Cynon Taf
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File:St Fagans, Cardiff CF5, UK - panoramio (6).jpg Rhyd-y-Car ironworkers' cottages 1800 c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1986 Rhyd-y-Car, Merthyr Tydfil Glamorgan Merthyr Tydfil
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File:Ffermdy Llwyn-yr-Eos.jpg Llwyn-yr-Eos farmhouse Script error: No such module "sort". — St Fagans Glamorgan Cardiff Template:Grade II colour|Script error: No such module "sort".
File:Gorse mill, St Fagans.jpg Gorse mill Script error: No such module "sort". 1983 Dôl-wen Denbighshire Denbighshire
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File:Melin Bompren, Sain Ffagan.jpg Melin Bompren corn mill Script error: No such module "sort". 1977 Cross Inn Carmarthenshire Ceredigion
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File:Maentwrog Hayshed at St Fagans National Museum of History (geograph 4723925) (cropped).jpg Maentwrog Hayshed 1870 1977 Maentwrog Merionethshire Gwynedd
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File:Tŷ haf, (Summer House), St Fagans National Museum of History.jpg Summer House 1880 c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1988 Bute Park, Cardiff Glamorgan Cardiff
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File:Gwalia Stores, St Fagans National History Museum (geograph 5692353) (cropped).jpg Gwalia Stores 1880 1991 Ogmore Vale Glamorgan Bridgend
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File:Maestir school, St Fagans.jpg Maestir School Script error: No such module "sort". 1984 Maestir, near Lampeter Cardiganshire Ceredigion
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File:Ty'n Rhos Sawmill, St Fagans National History Museum (geograph 5492666).jpg Ty'n Rhos Sawmill 1892 1994 Tŷ'n Rhos, near Llanddewi Brefi Cardiganshire Ceredigion
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File:Tailor's Workshop - St Fagan's Museum (geograph 6199308).jpg Tailor's shop 1896 (extended 1920s) 1992 Cross Inn Cardiganshire Ceredigion
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File:Pottery St Fagans 2.JPG Ewenny Pottery 1900 c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1988 Ewenny Glamorgan Vale of Glamorgan
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File:National Museum of Welsh Life - Ewenny Pottery Kiln.jpg Ewenny Kiln 1800 c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1988 Ewenny Glamorgan Vale of Glamorgan
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File:Derwen Bakehouse.jpg Derwen bakehouse 1900 1987 Thespian Street, Aberystwyth Cardiganshire Ceredigion
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File:Gentlemen's Urinal, St Fagans National History Museum - 1136856.jpg Urinal 1901–10 c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1978 Llandrindod railway station Radnorshire Powys
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File:Oakdale Workmens Institute (geograph 4859836) (cropped).jpg Oakdale Workmen's Institute 1916 1995 Oakdale Monmouthshire Caerphilly
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File:Saddler's Workshop at St Fagan's Museum (geograph 6199299).jpg Saddler's workshop 1926 1986 St Clears Carmarthenshire Carmarthenshire
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File:Swyddfa bost Blaenwaun (Post Office).jpg Blaenwaun Post Office 1936 1992 Blaenwaun, near Whitland Carmarthenshire Carmarthenshire
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File:War memorial at St Fagans.JPG Newbridge War Memorial 1936 1996 Caetwmpyn Park, Newbridge Monmouthshire Caerphilly
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File:Anderson shelter at St Fagans.jpg Anderson air raid shelter 1939–45 c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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File:Prefab, St Fagans.jpg Prefab bungalow 1948 1998 Gabalfa, Cardiff Glamorgan Cardiff
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File:House for the future, St Fagans.jpg House for the Future/ Ty Gwyrdd 2000[27] — St Fagans Glamorgan Cardiff
File:Bryn Eryr Farmstead, St Fagans National History Museum (geograph 5111620).jpg Bryn Eryr Iron Age roundhouses 2015[28]
(Reconstruction) 		Anglesey Anglesey
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File:Gweithdy (2), St Fagans National History Museum (geograph 5110706).jpg Gweithdy 2016[24]
(opened 2018) 		— St Fagans Glamorgan Cardiff
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File:Llys Llewelyn, St Fagans National Museum of History.jpg Llys Llewelyn, 13th century royal court 1200s 2016–18
(Reconstruction) 		Rhosyr Anglesey Anglesey
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File:The Vulcan Hotel in St Fagans.jpg The Vulcan Hotel 1853 2012-2024 Adamsdown, Cardiff Glamorgan Cardiff
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Minor exhibits

Future developments

See also

References

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  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ BBC News, "Haverfordwest Tudor trader home opens at St Fagans museum", 2 July 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2013
  15. ↑ BBC News – "Work starts to move Cardiff's Vulcan pub to St Fagans museum", 12 July 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2013
  16. ↑ "Historical Buildings at St Fagans - The Vulcan Hotel". Retrieved 09 May 2024
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  28. ↑ Bryn Eryr: from house to home, Amgueddfa Blog (National Museum Wales), 18 August 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links

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