List of countries by intentional homicide rate

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Template:Short description

File:2021 Homicide rates in countries with highest homicide rates - variable-width bar chart.svg
The countries with the most homicides per unit population are generally countries with small populations (very narrow rectangles in chart, 2021).[1]

The list of countries by homicide rate is derived from United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) data, and is expressed in number of deaths per 100,000 population per year. For example, a homicide rate of 30 out of 100,000 is presented in the table as "30", and corresponds to 0.03% of the population dying by homicide.[2][3][4] The reliability of underlying national murder rate data may vary.[5][6] Only UNODC-vetted data is used in the main table to maintain consistency.[2] In some cases, it may not be as up to date as other sources.

Homicide rates may be under-reported for political reasons.[7][8]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

A study undertaken by the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development estimated that there were approximately 490,000 intentional homicides globally in 2004, for a rate of 7.6 per 100,000.[9] UNODC calculated a global estimated rate of 6.9 per 100,000 in 2010;[10] 6.2 per 100,000 in 2012;Template:Sfn[11] 6.1 per 100,000 in 2017; and a rate of 5.61 per 100,000 for 2022.[5][12]

Definition

File:UNODC definition of homicide.png
The class of violent deaths documented in this article is intentional killing of others outside of war. Deaths occurring during situations of civil unrest are a grey area.
File:World map of homicide rates per 100,000 people.png
A map of countries by their intentional homicide rate per 100,000 people, 2023. Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.[13]

Intentional homicide is defined by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in its Global Study on Homicide reportTemplate:Sfn thus: Template:Quote Though some discrepancies exist in how specific categories of intentional killings are classified, the definitions used by countries to record data are generally close to the UNODC definition, making the homicide rates highly comparable at the international level.Template:Sfn UNODC uses the homicide rate as a proxy for overall violence, as this type of crime is one of the most accurately reported and internationally comparable indicators.[5]

Figures from the Global Study on Homicide are based on the UNODC Homicide Statistics dataset, which is derived from the criminal justice or public health systems of a variety of countries and territories.[5] The homicide rates derived from criminal justice data (typically recorded by police authorities) and the public health system data (recorded when the cause of death is established) may diverge substantially for some countries.Template:Sfn The two sources usually match in the Americas, Europe and Oceania, but there are large discrepancies for the three African countries reporting both sources.Template:Sfn For the 70 countries in which neither source was made available, figures were derived from WHO statistical models.Template:Sfn

Deaths resulting from an armed conflict between states are never included in the count.Template:Sfn Killings caused by a non-international armed conflict may or may not be included, depending on the intensity of hostilities and whether it is classified as 'civil unrest' or a clash between organized armed groups.Template:Sfn

UNODC's global study

File:United Nations geographical subregions.png
The United Nations geoscheme with region names in the UNODC data source used in the table here

All data in this section comes from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) website.[2][12]

By region

Template:Mw-datatableTemplate:Table alignment

UNODC 2023 murder counts and rates (per 100,000). Gender is for the victim.[12]
Region Overall
Rate 		Rate.
Female 		Rate.
Male 		Counts
Africa Template:Shade 3.97 17.19 156,503
Americas Template:Shade 3.40 25.52 149,654
Asia Template:Shade 1.40 2.66 97,495
Europe Template:Shade 1.13 3.14 15,643
Oceania Template:Shade 1.92 3.97 1,342
World Template:Shade 2.11 8.25 420,638

Rates vary widely within regions. See info on secondary sorting within regions and subregions below.

By country, region, or dependent territory

The regions and subregions in the table are based on the United Nations geoscheme since the table sources are United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reports. The U.N. recognizes that variability in the quality and integrity of data provided by certain countries may minimize country murder rates.Template:Sfn[3] Go to the more detailed country info in the references, and the country links in the table for more info.

Table has a total yearly count of homicides for each country. Rates are calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. Rates are to the 3rd decimal place in order to separate countries with low homicide rates.

  • Note: When the regions or subregions are sorted the countries are also alphabetically sorted within those regions or subregions. Then shift-click rate or count column heads to secondarily sort countries by rates or counts within the regions or subregions previously sorted.
  • Note: Table last fully updated from data retrieved 24 November 2024 from UNODC. Individual countries updated since then.[2]
  • Note: Only UNODC-vetted data is used in the table.
  • Asterisk (*) in Location column indicates a Crime in LOCATION article.

Template:Static row numbersTemplate:Sticky table startTemplate:Mw-datatableTemplate:Sort underTemplate:Table alignment

Intentional homicide counts, and rates per 100,000 inhabitants.[2][3][4]
Location Rate Count Year <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />RegionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />SubregionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Template:Flagg 4.022 1,613 2021 Asia Southern Asia
Template:Flagg 1.387 39 2023 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 1.161 536 2023 Africa Northern Africa
Template:Flagg 0 0 2019 Oceania Polynesia
Template:Flagg 2.574 2 2020 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 4.102 1,196 2016 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 28.328 4 2014 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 10.665 10 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 4.309 1,961 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 2.186 61 2021 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 1.931 2 2014 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.854 226 2023 Oceania Australia and New Zealand
Template:Flagg 0.876 80 2023 Europe Western Europe
Template:Flagg 2.365 245 2022 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 31.221 128 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.204 3 2022 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 2.340 3,830 2018 Asia Southern Asia
Template:Flagg 15.268 43 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 2.326 225 2019 Europe Eastern Europe
Template:Flagg 1.077 125 2021 Europe Western Europe
Template:Flagg 27.882 113 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 6.183 4 2023 Americas Northern America
Template:Flagg 2.460 19 2020 Asia Southern Asia
Template:Flagg 4.369 535 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 1.224 39 2023 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 10.547 273 2021 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 19.275 40,698 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 8.223 2 2006 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.486 2 2013 Asia South-eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 1.088 74 2023 Europe Eastern Europe
Template:Flagg 5.824 635 2016 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 6.179 36 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 1.839 268 2011 Asia South-eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 4.537 1,202 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 2.273 874 2022 Americas Northern America
Template:Flagg 4.457 3 2020 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 6.744 1,322 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.502 7,157 2020 Asia Eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 25.269 13,108 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 3.490 1 2012 Oceania Polynesia
Template:Flagg 17.745 906 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.769 31 2022 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 4.418 500 2019 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 17.092 26 2007 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.817 11 2023 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 0.768 83 2023 Europe Eastern Europe
Template:Flagg 0.986 58 2022 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 26.121 19 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 12.370 1,389 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 4.064 49 2015 Asia South-eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 45.723 8,221 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 1.336 1,360 2017 Africa Northern Africa
Template:Flagg 7.828 496 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 14.573 474 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 1.536 21 2023 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 12.665 151 2021 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 8.632 8,153 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 2.173 20 2020 Oceania Melanesia
Template:Flagg 0.982 55 2023 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 1.335 887 2023 Europe Western Europe
Template:Flagg 13.300 39 2020 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.354 1 2009 Oceania Polynesia
Template:Flagg 2.042 77 2019 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 0.823 686 2022 Europe Western Europe
Template:Flagg 1.813 607 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 3.199 1 2010 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 0.840 86 2023 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 5.365 3 2016 Americas Northern America
Template:Flagg 6.378 8 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 5.781 23 2016 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 4.151 7 2019 Oceania Micronesia
Template:Flagg 19.990 3,520 2021 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 1.117 21 2017 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 16.198 131 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 41.152 4,789 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0 0 2023 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 31.442 3,347 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.401 30 2022 Asia Eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 0.774 75 2023 Europe Eastern Europe
Template:Flagg 1.073 4 2022 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 2.832 40,130 2022 Asia Southern Asia
Template:Flagg 0.307 847 2022 Asia South-eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 2.421 1,936 2014 Asia Southern Asia
Template:Flagg 9.410 3,339 2013 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg (Central Iraq) 15.397 5,459 2021 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg (Kurdistan Region) 2.246 111 2013 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 0.654 34 2023 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 0 0 2016 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 1.626 147 2022 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 0.545 322 2022 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 49.299 1,400 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.233 289 2022 Asia Eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 0.988 113 2023 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 2.634 511 2022 Asia Central Asia
Template:Flagg 4.892 2,643 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 7.167 8 2012 Oceania Micronesia
Template:Flagg 1.986 33 2021 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 0.252 11 2020 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 2.497 47 2023 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 2.260 128 2020 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 37.694 752 2008 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 3.117 135 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 5.123 2 2021 Europe Western Europe
Template:Flagg 2.628 75 2023 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 1.544 10 2022 Europe Western Europe
Template:Flagg 0.568 4 2023 Asia Eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 1.791 279 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 0.724 243 2021 Asia South-eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 0.595 3 2019 Asia Southern Asia
Template:Flagg 0.563 3 2023 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 4.013 2 1994 Oceania Micronesia
Template:Flagg 2.790 11 2009 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 1.023 46 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 2.232 29 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 5.816 12 2009 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 24.859 32,252 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.898 1 2019 Oceania Micronesia
Template:Flagg 0 0 2008 Europe Western Europe
Template:Flagg 5.915 203 2023 Asia Eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 0.789 5 2023 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 0 0 2018 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 1.705 643 2023 Africa Northern Africa
Template:Flagg 3.573 849 2011 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 3.872 2,098 2022 Asia South-eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 12.450 315 2021 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 2.102 617 2020 Asia Southern Asia
Template:Flagg 0.691 125 2023 Europe Western Europe
Template:Flagg 3.113 8 2009 Oceania Melanesia
Template:Flagg 1.111 57 2021 Oceania Australia and New Zealand
Template:Flagg 11.006 754 2021 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 4.389 788 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 21.741 44,200 2019 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 1.529 28 2023 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 1.413 27 2022 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 0.725 40 2023 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 0.139 7 2023 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 4.335 10,729 2023 Asia Southern Asia
Template:Flagg 11.195 2 2018 Oceania Micronesia
Template:Flagg 1.410 74 2022 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 11.319 499 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 9.402 713 2010 Oceania Melanesia
Template:Flagg 6.961 472 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 8.462 2,853 2021 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 4.316 4,764 2019 Asia South-eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 0.802 311 2023 Europe Eastern Europe
Template:Flagg 0.797 82 2021 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 14.312 464 2023 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0.074 2 2022 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 0.531 275 2022 Asia Eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 2.543 78 2023 Europe Eastern Europe
Template:Flagg 1.699 15 2009 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 1.109 212 2023 Europe Eastern Europe
Template:Flagg 6.799 9,866 2021 Europe Eastern Europe
Template:Flagg 3.590 472 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 0 0 2009 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 23.081 11 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 36.696 66 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 28.727 10 2016 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 16.518 1 2009 Americas Northern America
Template:Flagg 40.405 42 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 6.199 13 2018 Oceania Polynesia
Template:Flagg 0 0 2011 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 3.225 6 2011 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 0.795 285 2019 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 0.967 53 2021 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 1.314 89 2023 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 9.335 10 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 2.137 176 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 0.069 4 2023 Asia South-eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 1.124 62 2023 Europe Eastern Europe
Template:Flagg 0.566 12 2023 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 3.682 19 2008 Oceania Melanesia
Template:Flagg 45.534 27,272 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 14.054 1,504 2012 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 0.691 331 2023 Europe Southern Europe
Template:Flagg 3.427 742 2019 Asia Southern Asia
Template:Flagg 7.281 45 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 1.147 121 2023 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 0.597 53 2023 Europe Western Europe
Template:Flagg 2.073 463 2010 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 0.912 87 2020 Asia Central Asia
Template:Flagg 3.705 2,286 2020 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 4.813 3,307 2011 Asia South-eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 0.953 1 2019 Oceania Polynesia
Template:Flagg 39.516 605 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 4.621 562 2020 Africa Northern Africa
Template:Flagg 3.228 2,817 2023 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 1.093 63 2015 Asia Central Asia
Template:Flagg 76.582 35 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 0 0 2019 Oceania Polynesia
Template:Flagg 8.768 4,143 2022 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 3.843 1,673 2021 Europe Eastern Europe
Template:Flagg 0.752 71 2022 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg. England and Wales 1.148 684 2021 Europe Northern Europe
Template:Flagg 5.763 19,796 2023 Americas Northern America
Template:Flagg 49.631 52 2012 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 11.190 383 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 1.405 479 2021 Asia Central Asia
Template:Flagg 0.321 1 2020 Oceania Melanesia
Template:Flagg 12.607 3,568 2022 Americas Latin America and the Caribbean
Template:Flagg 1.537 1,358 2011 Asia South-eastern Asia
Template:Flagg 6.311 1,703 2013 Asia Western Asia
Template:Flagg 5.250 853 2015 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Template:Flagg 0.514 84 2023 Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Template:Sticky table end

Other multi-country studies

A 2024 study by InSight Crime revealed that the Turks and Caicos Islands had the highest homicide rate in Latin America and the Caribbean. Haiti ranked second, followed by St. Kitts and Nevis in third place.[14]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ ● Homicide data from Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". UNODC data for most countries is for 2021.
    ● 2021 Population data from Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Table by country. Some have 2023 data. Can select countries, regions, years, gender, mechanisms, relationship, and more. Use fit-to-page button at bottom to see everything. Use dataset link to get all the data with higher accuracy. Table last fully updated from dataset retrieved 24 November 2024. Individual countries updated since then.
  3. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Map and table of rates and counts. Pick a country (or countries) in the sidebar "Country" dropdown menu. Then pick a year (1990-2018). Click that country on the map to see a timeline graph of homicide rates. Below the map see a timeline table of the rates and counts for that country or countries. There is a "Bulk data download" link at top right (hover to see name). May need to click twice to download.
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c d Global Study on Homicide 2019. Booklet 2. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). See page 11 for global rate. See page 9 about homicide rates as proxy for overall violence. See Box 1 on page 14 for criminal justice data sources versus public health sources. See figure 2 on page 14 for regional homicide rates in 2017. See figure 3 on page 16 for regional number of homicides. See page 85 about the six-booklet format of this study. Look for page numbers on the bottom of pages, and ignore the incorrect page numbers provided by your PDF reader.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". See page 7 for section called "Definition of the offence of homicide". See page 29 for table of nations and homicide rates for the years 1994–97. It also has further info on how homicide is defined across countries.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".. The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.
  10. ↑ 2011 Global Study on Homicide: Trends, Contexts, Data. "data from 2010 or latest available year". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Vienna, Austria.
  11. ↑ Intentional homicide count and rate per 100,000 population, by country/territory (2000–2012). Data (in spreadsheet format) for UNODC report titled "Global Study on Homicide 2013". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Linked from Global Study on Homicide – Data: UNODC Homicide Statistics 2013
  12. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Choose regions, years, counts, rates, gender.
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Interactive map at source. With yearly slide bar. Hover over country to see graph timeline of rate.
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Sources

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Look for page numbers on the bottom of pages, and ignore the incorrect page numbers provided by your PDF reader.

Further reading

External links

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