Mount Terror (Antarctica)

Template:Short description Template:Infobox mountain Mount Terror is an extinct volcano about high on Ross Island, Antarctica, about eastward of Mount Erebus.Template:Sfn Mount Terror was named in 1841 by polar explorer James Clark Ross for his second ship, HMS Terror.Template:Sfn

Geology

Mount Terror is a shield volcano that forms the eastern part of Ross Island, Antarctica. It has numerous cinder cones and domes on the flanks of the shield and is mostly under snow and ice. It is the second-largest of the four volcanoes that make up Ross Island.

Geography

The rocks at the summit have not been studied, but rocks from the lower areas range from 0.82 to 1.75 million years old, and Mount Terror shows no signs of more recent volcanic activity. The first ascent of Mount Terror was made by a New Zealand party in 1959.Template:Fact The mountain is to the west of Cape Crozier, and east of Mount Terra Nova and Mount Erebus.Template:Sfn

Central features

File:Ross Island Map USGS 250k.png

Ross Island. Mount Terror is to the east

Kienle Nunataks

. Three aligned nunataks to the north of Mount Terror in northeast Ross Island. The nunataks trend east-west for and rise to about . The central nunatak is north-northeast of the Mount Terror summit. At the suggestion of P.R. Kyle, named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Juergen Kienle (d.), Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, a United States Antarctic Project (USAP) team leader for the investigation of volcanic activity and seismicity on Mount Erebus in six field seasons, 1980-81 through 1985-86.Template:Sfn

Mount Sutherland

. A peak west-northwest of the summit of Mount Terror on Ross Island. The feature rises to about . Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2000) after Alexander L. Sutherland, Jr., Ocean Projects Manager, OPP, NSF, with responsibility for directing operations and logistics for United States Antarctic Project (USAP) research vessels from 1989; responsible for acquisition of the Research Vessel/Ice Breakers Nathaniel B. Palmer and Laurence M. Gould.Template:Sfn

Rohnke Crests

. Two rock ridges, about high, that are parallel and rise above the general ice mantle on the southeast slopes of Mount Terror. This feature is east of the head of Eastwind Glacier and northeast of Conical Hill. Names in association with Eastwind Glacier after Captain (later Rear Admiral) Oscar C. Rohnke, USCG, who commanded United States Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) Eastwind in Ross Sea during United States Navy (United States Navy) Operation Deep Freeze (OpDFrz) I, 1955-56.Template:Sfn

Moore Peak

. A peak rising to high on the west slope of Mount Terror, Ross Island. The peak is west-southwest of the summit of Mount Terror and south of Mount Sutherland. At the suggestion of P.R. Kyle, named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2000) after James A. Moore, a member of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology team on Mount Erebus in the 1983–84 and 1985-86 field seasons. He completed his M.S. thesis on the geology of Mount Erebus.Template:Sfn

Ohau Peak

. A sharp rock peak northeast of the summit of Mount Terror on Ross Island. The feature rises to about high and is central in three aligned summits north of Mount McIntosh. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (2000) after a peak near the locality of Tekapo (see Tekapo Ridge), New Zealand.Template:Sfn

Giggenbach Ridge

. A north-south chain of summits, long, located to the west and northwest of Mount Terror. The ridge rises to about west of Mount Terror, but descends to at the north end. Named at the suggestion of P.R. Kyle, named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2000) after Werner F. Giggenbach, Chemistry Division, DSIR, who worked in the NZAP at Mount Erebus in four field seasons during the 1970s. He rappelled into the Inner Crater of Mount Erebus in 1978, but had to be pulled out when an eruption showered him and colleagues on the crater rim with volcanic bombs. He was one of the leading volcanic gas geochemists of the period.Template:Sfn

Chuan Peak

. A peak, about high, located northeast of Barker Peak in the south part of Giggenbach Ridge, Ross Island. At the suggestion of P.R. Kyle, named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2000) after Raymond L. Chuan who, as a scientist with the Brunswick Corporation, Costa Mesa, CA, undertook many airborne surveys of volcanic aerosols from Mount Erebus and also did sampling at the crater rim, 1983–84 and 1986–87; investigator (with Julie Palais) on a project which examined aerosols between Mount Erebus and the South Pole.Template:Sfn

Manahan Peak

. A prominent peak east of Giggenbach Ridge in northeast Ross Island. The peak rises to over high northwest of the summit of Mount Terror. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2000) after biologist Donal T. Manahan, who worked eight seasons in Antarctica from 1983; United States Antarctic Project (USAP) principal investigator in study of early stages (embryos larvae) of marine animals; chair, Polar Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, 2000.Template:Sfn

Barker Peak

. A peak west-northwest of Mount Terror on Ross Island. The feature rises to about high and is the western of two peaks near the south end of Giggenbach Ridge. Name by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (2000) after Major James R. M. Barker, officer in command at Scott Base, 1970–71; a NZAP manager, 1970-86.Template:Sfn

Joyce Peak

. A peak rising to over high in the north-central part of Ross Island. It stands west of the main summits of Giggenbach Ridge and south-southeast of Wyandot Point. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2000) after Karen Joyce, a long-term ASA employee, who from 1990 made 10 deployments to McMurdo Station, including a winter-over; assisted with computers in the Crary Science and Engineering Center.Template:Sfn

Kristin Peak

. A peak rising to over high at the north end of Giggenbach Ridge on Ross Island. The feature is south of Cape Tennyson. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2000) after Kristin Larson, who has participated in support activities to United States Antarctic Project (USAP) from 1988, including two winters at McMurdo Station; supervisor, Eklund Biological Center and Thiel Labs, 1988 and 1992; supervisor, Crary Science and Engineering Center, 1992–95; editor, The Antarctican Society newsletter from 1996; later of staff of OPP, NSF.Template:Sfn

Eastern features

Features to the east, towards the Kyle Hills, include:

Tent Peak

. A tent-shaped peak rising to about high midway between Mount Terror and Cape Crozier. It was descriptively named by a party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1958–59, which occupied the peak as an astronomical control station, January 5, 1959, and erected a tent below the peak.Template:Sfn

The Tooth

. A distinctive rock outcrop on the eastern slopes of Mount Terror at an elevation of about . The feature lies south-southeast of Tent Peak and is reported to resemble a fossilized shark's tooth. Descriptively named by a party of the NZGSAE, 1958–59, working in eastern Ross Island.Template:Sfn

Slattery Peak

. A somewhat isolated rock peak, about high, that rises above the ice mantle southeast of Mount Terror. The peak position is additionally defined as southwest of The Knoll and east-northeast of Rohnke Crests. Named after Leo Slattery, who wintered at Scott Base three times, twice as Officer in Charge; Post Clerk on Ross Island, summer 1973-74; Postmaster on Ross Island, summers 1979-80, 1981–82, and 1983–84.Template:Sfn

Pönui Nunatak

. A nunatak located southeast of Slattery Peak and southwest of The Knoll. The feature rises to high near the juncture of the island and Ross Ice Shelf. The name Ponui (meaning south wind) is one of several Maori wind names applied by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) in this vicinity.Template:Sfn

Conical Hill

. A small but distinctive rock hill, high, on the south slopes of Mount Terror, above Cape MacKay. Given this descriptive name by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, under Scott.Template:Sfn

Cultural references

• Mount Terror is the stronghold of Russian anarchist revolutionaries in the 1894 science fiction novel Olga Romanoff by George Griffith.
• Mount Terror and Mount Erebus are mentioned in the 1936 novella At the Mountains of Madness by H.P. Lovecraft.
• Mount Terror is used as a location in the 2004 novel State of Fear by Michael Crichton.
• Mount Terror is referenced in Jules Verne's Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas by the narrator Professor Arronax, after they arrive at the South Pole, in reference to two volcanic craters, the Erebus and Terror, in context to an earlier discovery by James Clark Ross.

Sources

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External links

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