Moksha (Jainism)

File:Siddha Shila.jpg

Depiction of Siddha Shila as per Jain cosmology which is abode of infinite Siddhas

Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Sanskrit or Prakrit mokkha refers to the liberation or salvation of a soul from saṃsāra, the cycle of birth and death. It is a blissful state of existence of a soul, attained after the destruction of all karmic bonds. A liberated soul is said to have attained its true and pristine nature of Unlimited bliss, Unlimited knowledge and Unlimited perception. Such a soul is called siddha and is revered in Jainism.

In Jainism, moksha is the highest and the noblest objective that a soul should strive to achieve. In fact, it is the only objective that a person should have; other objectives are contrary to the true nature of soul. With the right view, knowledge and efforts all souls can attain this state. That is why Jainism is also known as or the "path to liberation".

According to the Sacred Jain Text, Tattvartha sutra:Template:Quote

Bhavyata

From the point of view of potentiality of , Jain texts bifurcates the souls into two categories: bhavya and abhavya. Bhavya souls are those souls who have faith in and hence will make some efforts to achieve liberation.Template:Sfn This potentiality or quality is called bhavyata.Template:Sfn However, bhavyata itself does not guarantee , as the soul needs to expend necessary efforts to attain it. On the other hand, abhavya souls are those souls who cannot attain liberation as they do not have faith in and hence never make any efforts to attain it.Template:Sfn

The path to liberation

According to Jainism, purification of soul and liberation can be achieved through the path of three jewels:Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn Samyak darśana (Correct View), meaning faith, acceptance of the truth of soul (jīva);Template:Sfn Samyak jnana (Correct Knowledge), meaning undoubting knowledge of the tattvas;Template:Sfn and Samyak charitra (Correct Conduct), meaning behavior consistent with the Five vows.Template:Sfn Jain texts often add samyak tap (Correct Asceticism) as a fourth jewel, emphasizing belief in ascetic practices as the means to liberation (moksha).Template:Sfn The four jewels are called moksha marg.Template:Sfn According to Jain texts, the liberated pure soul (Siddha) goes up to the summit of universe (Siddhashila) and dwells there in eternal bliss.Template:Sfn

According to Jainism, the Ratnatraya or "three Gems", samyagdarśana (correct perception), samyagjñāna (right knowledge) and samyakchāritra (right conduct), together constitute the mokṣamarga or the path to liberation. According to Acharya KundaKunda's Samayasara:Template:Quote

Samyak Darsana or rational perception is the rational faith in the true nature of every substance of the universe.Template:Sfn

Samyak Caritra or rational conduct is the natural conduct of a (soul) living being. It consists in following austerities, engaging in right activities and observance of vows, carefulness and controls. Once a soul secures samyaktva, is assured within a few lifetimes. The fourteen stages on the path to liberation are called Gunasthāna. These are:Template:Sfn

Gunasthāna (Stages on the Path)	Meaning
1. Mithyātva	The stage of wrong believer (Gross ignorance)
2. Sasādana	Downfall from right faith
3. Misradrsti	Mixed right and wrong belief
4. Avirata samyagdrsti	Vowless right belief
5. Deśavirata	The stage of partial self-control
6. Pramattasamyata	Slightly imperfect vows
7. Apramatta samyata	Perfect vows (Mahavratas)
8. Apūrvakaraņa	New thought-activity
9. Anivāttibādara-sāmparāya	Advanced thought-activity (Passions are still occurring)
10. Sukshma samparaya	Slightest delusion
11. Upaśānta-kasāya	Subsided delusion
12. Ksīna kasāya	Destroyed delusion
13. Sayoga kevali	Omniscience with vibration (destruction of all inimical karmas)
14. Ayoga kevali	The stage of omniscience without any activity

Those who pass the last stage are called siddha and become fully established in Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right Conduct.

means final release from the karmic bondage. When an enlightened human, such as an Arihant or a Tirthankara, extinguishes his remaining aghatiya karmas and thus ends his worldly existence, it is called . Technically, the death of an Arhat is called their nirvāṇa, as he has ended his worldly existence and attained liberation. Moksha (liberation) follows nirvāṇa. However, the terms moksa and nirvana are often used interchangeably in the Jain texts.Template:Sfn An Arhat becomes a siddha, the liberated one, after attaining nirvana.

In that night in which the Venerable Ascetic Mahavira died, freed from all pains, the eighteen confederate kings of Kasi and Kosala, the nine Mallakis and nine Licchavis, on the day of new moon, instituted an illuminations on the Poshadha, which was a fasting day; for they said: 'Since the light of intelligence is gone, let us make an illumination of material matter!'(128)

Liberated soul

A liberated soul dwells in Siddhashila with infinite faith, infinite knowledge, infinite perception, and infinite perfection. According to the Jain text, Puruşārthasiddhyupāya: Template:Quote

See also

• Nirvana Kanda