Sciomyzidae
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
The family Sciomyzidae belongs to the typical flies (Brachycera) of the order Diptera. They are commonly called marsh flies, and in some cases snail-killing flies due to the food of their larvae.[1]
Here, the Huttoninidae, Phaeomyiidae and Tetanoceridae are provisionally included in the Sciomyzidae. Particularly the latter seem to be an unequivocal part of this group and are ranked as tribe of subfamily Sciomyzinae by most modern authors, while the former two are very small lineages that may or may not stand outside the family and are provisionally ranked as subfamilies here. Whether the Salticellinae and the group around Sepedon warrant recognition as additional subfamilies or are better included in the Sciomyzinae proper is likewise not yet entirely clear. Altogether, the main point of contention is the relationship between the "Huttoninidae", "Phaeomyiidae", Sciomyzidae sensu stricto, and the Helosciomyzidae which were also once included in the Sciomyzidae.
Sciomyzidae are found in all the biogeographic realms but are poorly represented in the Australasian and Oceanian realms.
Description
Script error: No such module "For". Sciomyzidae are small or medium-sized (2–14 mm), usually slender flies with predominantly dull grey, brown, reddish or yellow body, rarely black-lustrous. Wings hyaline, often with dark spots or dark reticulate pattern. The head is semispherical or round. The antennae are usually elongate and the arista is pubescent or has shorter or longer hairs. Ocelli and ocellar bristles are present (absent in Sepedon). The postvertical bristles are divergent or parallel. There are one or two pairs of frontal bristles which curve backward (the lower pair sometimes curving inward) Interfrontal bristles are absent but interfrontal setulae are sometimes present. Vibrissae are absent. The wing is clear or with conspicuous markings. The costa is continuous and the subcosta is complete. Crossvein BM-Cu is present and the anal cell (cell cup) is closed. Tibiae almost always have a dorsal preapical bristle.
Biology
Marsh flies are common along the edges of ponds and rivers, and in marshy areas. The adults drink dew and nectar. The larvae prey on or become parasites of gastropods (slugs and snails). The occasional sciomyzid attacks snail eggs or fingernail clams.[2] Very little is known about the complete life cycle of these flies but most of the known larvae are semi-aquatic and some are aquatic. Other species have terrestrial larvae. Larvae mainly prey on non-operculate snails. Some species which prey on bivalves have larvae adapted to breathing under water. In some terrestrial species the penultimate larval instar emerges from the snail or slug it developed in. The last instar is then predatory on several snails.
The adults rest on vegetation head down. According to the larval habitat, they are found near water, in marshy vegetation, in woodland or occasionally dry open habitats.
Identification
- Stackelberg, A.A. Family Sciomyzidae in Bei-Bienko, G. Ya, 1988 Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition. Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision.
- Séguy, E. (1934) Diptères: Brachycères. II. Muscidae acalypterae, Scatophagidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 28. virtuelle numérique
Selected genera
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Subfamily Sciomyzinae (possibly polyphyletic)
- Tribe Sciomyzini
- Apteromicra Papp, 2004Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[3]
- Atrichomelina Cresson, 1920Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[4]
- Calliscia Steyskal, 1975Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[5]
- Colobaea Zetterstedt, 1837Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Ditaeniella Sack, 1939Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[6]
- Neuzina Marinoni & Knutson, 2004Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[7]
- Oidematops Cresson, 1920Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[4]
- Parectinocera Becker, 1919Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[8]
- Pherbellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Pseudomelina Malloch, 1933Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[9]
- Psacadina Enderlein, 1939Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[10]
- Pteromicra Lioy, 1864Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Sciomyza Fallén, 1820Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Tetanura Fallén, 1820Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Tribe Tetanocerini
- Anticheta Haliday, 1838Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chasmacryptum Becker, 1907Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11]
- Coremacera Rondani, 1856Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Dichetophora Rondani, 1868Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Dictya Meigen, 1803Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Dictyacium Steyskal, 1956Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Dictyodes Malloch, 1933Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11][9]
- Ectinocera Zetterstedt, 1838Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Elgiva Meigen, 1838Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Ethiolimnia Verbeke, 1950Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[12]
- Eulimnia Tonnoir & Malloch, 1928Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11][13][14]
- Euthycera Latreille, 1829Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Euthycerina Malloch, 1933Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11][9]
- Eutrichomelina Steyskal, in Steyskal & Knutson, 1975Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11][5]
- Guatemalia Steyskal, 1960Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11]
- Hedria Steyskal, 1954Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[15]
- Hoplodictya Cresson, 1920Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[4]
- Hydromya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Ilione Haliday in Curtis, 1837Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Limnia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- "Neodictya" Elberg, 1965Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[16]
- Neolimnia Tonnoir & Malloch, 1928Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11][13]
- Oligolimnia Mayer, 1953Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11][17]
- Perilimnia Becker, 1919Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11]
- Pherbecta Steyskal, 1956Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Pherbina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Poecilographa Melander, 1913Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Protodictya Malloch, 1933Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11][9]
- Psacadina Enderlein, 1939Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[10]
- Renocera Hendel, 1900Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[18]
- Sepedomerus Steyskal, 1973Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[19]
- Sepedon Latreille, 1804Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Sepedonea Steyskal, 1973Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[19]
- Sepedonella Verbeke, 1950Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[12]
- Sepedoninus Verbeke, 1950Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[12]
- Shannonia Malloch, 1933Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11][9]
- Steyskalina Knutson, 1999Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[20]
- Tetanocera Duméril, 1800Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Tetanoceroides Malloch, 1933Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11][9]
- Tetanoptera Verbeke, 1950Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[12]
- Teutoniomyia Hennig, 1952Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[21]
- Thecomyia Perty, 1833Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[22]
- Trypetolimnia Mayer, 1953Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Trypetoptera Hendel, 1900Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[18]
- Verbekaria Knutson, 1968Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[23]
- Subfamily Huttonininae (tentatively placed here)
- Huttonina Tonnoir & Malloch, 1928Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[13][14]
- Prosochaeta Malloch, 1935Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Subfamily Phaeomyiinae (tentatively placed here)
- Akebono Sueyoshi, 2009Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Pelidnoptera Rondani, 1856Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- † Prophaeomyia Hennig, 1965Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Subfamily Salticellinae (sometimes included in Sciomyzinae)
- † Prosalticella Hennig, 1965Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Salticella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
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- ↑ Neodictya Elberg, 1965
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Further reading
- Rozkošný, R., 1984 The Sciomyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 14 Template:ISBN Hardback (224 pp., 639 figures, in English)
- Lloyd Vernon Knutson and Jean-Claude Vala, 2011Biology of Snail-Killing Sciomyzidae Flies Cambridge University Press Template:ISBN
External links
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- Family Sciomyzidae at EOL
- Delta: Family description and images
- The Marsh Flies of California
- Marsh fly (Tetanocera sp) diagnostic photographs, male and female specimens, in copulo
- Images of Sciomyzidae from Diptera.info
- Images of Sciomyzidae from Bug Guide
- West Palaearctic including Russia (species list)
- Australasian/Oceanian (species list)
- Nearctic Script error: No such module "webarchive". (species list)
- Japan (species list)
- World list (species list)
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