Williamson County, Illinois

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Williamson County is a county in Southern Illinois. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 67,153.[1] The largest city and county seat is Marion.[2] Williamson County is included in the Carbondale-Marion, IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. This area of Southern Illinois is known locally as "Little Egypt".Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Williamson is in the Metro Lakeland area, Script error: No such module "convert". southeast of St. Louis, Missouri. Via the nearby intersection of Interstates 57 and 24, and Illinois Route 13, a primary east–west four-lane expressway, the city has access to the major communities of Murphysboro, Carbondale, Carterville, Herrin, Marion and Harrisburg. The Metro Lakeland area of Jackson-Williamson counties has a total of 120,000 residents. Carbondale (14 miles west), Herrin and Marion are the key urban areas in Metro Lakeland, with a combined population of more than 65,000. Over 235,000 people live within Script error: No such module "convert"..

History

Williamson County was formed from Franklin County on February 28, 1839, and was named for Williamson County, Tennessee. Many of its settlers were from the Uplands South, traveling via the Ohio River from Kentucky and Virginia.[3]

It became a center of coal mining, attracting numerous European immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Labor tensions rose as workers sought to unionize and improve their wages and conditions. Mine owners resisted and several episodes of violence resulted during strikes and other work actions. Williamson County is often referred to as "Bloody Williamson," due to several outbreaks of violence that have few parallels in American history.[4]

These include the Bloody Vendetta (1876), armed confrontation between families and associates during the waning days of Reconstruction; the Carterville Massacre (1899), a Coal Strike (1906), the Herrin Massacre (1922), the Klan War (1924–1926), and the Birger/Shelton Gang War (1926).

During the so-called Klan War, a mob of perhaps 1,300 men were deputized by the local sheriff. Starting on February 1, 1924, the posse began raiding the homes of local mine workers, mostly Italian immigrants. The Klan was inspired by both nativist and Prohibitionist fervor. Violence continued sporadically between bootleggers and the Klan. Twenty people were killed before peace was restored.[5]

In June 1915, a Sicilian miner accused of the fatal shooting of a wealthy local resident was lynched in Johnston City, Illinois by a mob.[6] The Illinois National Guard was deployed to prevent rioting between the miner's supporters and opponents. They were also later ordered to various locations repeatedly during the 1920s to separate warring parties and attempt to keep order.

The northwest section of the county suffered extensive damage during the Tri-State Tornado of 1925. The county was also struck by two tornadoes on May 29, 1982, which killed 10 people in the Marion, Illinois tornado outbreak. On May 8, 2009, the cities of Carterville, Herrin, and Marion were severely damaged by the May 2009 Southern Midwest derecho.

Geography

File:Townships.Williamson.Co.map.jpg
Map of Williamson County, Illinois

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (5.4%) is water.[7]

Adjacent counties

National protected area

Major highways

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Transit

Airport

Veterans Airport of Southern Illinois in Marion is the local airport.

Climate and weather

Marion, Illinois
Climate chart (explanation)
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: The Weather Channel[8]
Metric conversion
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm

Williamson County lies on the border between humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa) and humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with neither large mountains nor large bodies of water to moderate its temperature. It is subject to both cold Arctic air and hot, humid tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico and, along with the rest of the midwestern United States, is home to some of the largest temperature extremes in the world.

The region has four distinct seasons. Spring is the wettest season and produces erratic severe weather ranging from tornadoes to winter storms. Summers are hot and humid, with only occasional and brief respite, and the humidity often makes the heat index rise to temperatures feeling well above Script error: No such module "convert".. Fall is mild with lower humidity and can produce intermittent bouts of heavy rainfall, with the first snow flurries usually forming in late November. Winters are cold with periodic snow and temperatures often below freezing; however, thaws are usually frequent. Winter storm systems, such as Alberta clippers and Panhandle hooks, can bring days of heavy freezing rain, ice pellets, and snowfall.

The normal high temperature in July is Script error: No such module "convert"., and the normal low temperature in January is Script error: No such module "convert"., although this varies from year to year. Both Script error: No such module "convert". temperatures can be seen on an average 2 or 3 days per year. In recent years, average temperatures have ranged from a low of Script error: No such module "convert". in January to a high of Script error: No such module "convert". in July, although a record low of Script error: No such module "convert". was recorded in January 1977 and a record high of Script error: No such module "convert". was recorded in August 1977. Average monthly precipitation ranged from Script error: No such module "convert". in October to Script error: No such module "convert". in May.[8]

Williamson County has thunderstorms about 50 days a year on average. Thunderstorms contribute over half of the annual precipitation. Especially in the spring, these storms can often be severe, with high winds, large hail and tornadoes.

Some late autumns feature the warm weather known as Indian summer; some years see roses in bloom as late as early December.

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
18404,457—
18507,216Script error: No such module "String".%
186012,205Script error: No such module "String".%
187017,329Script error: No such module "String".%
188019,324Script error: No such module "String".%
189022,226Script error: No such module "String".%
190027,796Script error: No such module "String".%
191045,098Script error: No such module "String".%
192061,092Script error: No such module "String".%
193053,880Script error: No such module "String".%
194051,424Script error: No such module "String".%
195048,621Script error: No such module "String".%
196046,117Script error: No such module "String".%
197049,021Script error: No such module "String".%
198056,538Script error: No such module "String".%
199057,733Script error: No such module "String".%
200061,296Script error: No such module "String".%
201066,357Script error: No such module "String".%
202067,153Script error: No such module "String".%
2024 (est.)67,064[9]Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12]
1990-2000[13] 2010-2013[1]

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2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 67,153. The median age was 41.9 years; 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18 and 20.0% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 99.5 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 97.3 males age 18 and over.[14]

The racial makeup of the county was 87.7% White, 4.3% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.2% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.8% from some other race, and 5.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 2.6% of the population.[15]

59.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 41.0% lived in rural areas.[16]

There were 28,145 households in the county, of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 46.4% were married-couple households, 18.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 28.2% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[14]

There were 31,818 housing units, of which 11.5% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 69.1% were owner-occupied and 30.9% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8% and the rental vacancy rate was 14.1%.[14]

Racial and ethnic composition

Williamson County, Illinois – Racial and ethnic composition
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Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[17] Pop 1990[18] Pop 2000[19] Pop 2010[20] Pop 2020[21] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 55,106 55,802 58,006 60,719 58,193 97.47% 96.66% 94.63% 91.50% 86.66%
Black or African American alone (NH) 843 1,130 1,498 2,514 2,809 1.49% 1.96% 2.44% 3.79% 4.18%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 67 105 149 206 230 0.12% 0.18% 0.24% 0.31% 0.34%
Asian alone (NH) 161 235 304 557 771 0.28% 0.41% 0.50% 0.84% 1.15%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [22] x [23] 16 8 9 x x 0.03% 0.01% 0.01%
Other race alone (NH) 66 13 32 56 207 0.12% 0.02% 0.05% 0.08% 0.31%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [24] x [25] 528 996 3,155 x x 0.86% 1.50% 4.70%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 295 448 763 1,301 1,779 0.52% 0.78% 1.24% 1.96% 2.65%
Total 56,538 57,733 61,296 66,357 67,153 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 66,357 people, 27,421 households, and 17,999 families residing in the county.[26] The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 30,359 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert"..[7] The racial makeup of the county was 92.7% white, 3.8% black or African American, 0.8% Asian, 0.4% Native American, 0.5% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.0% of the population.[26] In terms of ancestry, 23.6% were German, 17.3% were Irish, 16.0% were English, 9.0% were American, and 6.1% were Italian.[27]

Of the 27,421 households, 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.4% were non-families, and 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.88. The median age was 40.1 years.[26]

The median income for a household in the county was $40,579 and the median income for a family was $50,929. Males had a median income of $41,428 versus $30,901 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,164. About 13.3% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.3% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.[28]

Communities

Cities

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Villages

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Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

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Ghost towns

Precincts

The following precincts are not voting precincts, but represent the 12 Congressional townships in Williamson County. Most have multiple voting precincts.

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  • Blairsville
  • Carterville
  • Corinth
  • Crab Orchard
  • Creal Springs
  • East Marion
  • Grassy
  • Herrin
  • Lake Creek
  • Southern
  • Stonefort
  • West Marion

Education

School districts include:[29]

K-12:

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Secondary:

Elementary:

Government and infrastructure

United States Penitentiary, Marion is located in Southern Precinct in Williamson County.[30]

Politics

Williamson County has been solidly Republican on the national level, voting for the Republican candidates for U.S. president since 2000. Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresFoot

See also

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Further reading

  • Angle, Paul M. (1992). Bloody Williamson - A Chapter in American Lawlessness. University of Illinois Press. Template:ISBN.
  • Ayabe, Masatomo, “Ku Kluxers in a Coal Mining Community: A Study of the Ku Klux Klan Movement in Williamson County, Illinois, 1923–1926,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 102 (Spring 2009), 73–100.
  • Erwin, Milo. 1876, Rep. 1976. History of Williamson County, Illinois. Marion, Ill.: Williamson County Historical Society.
  • Erwin, Milo, and Jon Musgrave. 2006. The Bloody Vendetta of Southern Illinois. Marion, Ill.: IllinoisHistory.com. 240 pages.
  • Johnson, Ralph, and Jon Musgrave. 2010. Secrets of the Herrin Gangs. Marion, Ill.: IllinoisHistory.com. 96 pages.

References

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  6. ↑ "SLAYER LYNCHED BY ILLINOIS MOB", Belvidere Daily Republican (Belvidere, Illinois), June 11, 1915; accessed February 2, 2017
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  14. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  22. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  23. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  24. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  25. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  26. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". - Text list
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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