Maricopa County, Arizona

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Maricopa County (Template:IPAc-en) is a county in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census the population was 4,420,568,[1] or about 62% of the state's total, making it the fourth-most populous county in the United States and the most populous county in Arizona, and making Arizona one of the nation's most centralized states. The county seat is Phoenix,[2] the state capital and fifth-most populous city in the United States.

Maricopa County is the central county of the Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Office of Management and Budget renamed the metropolitan area in September 2018. Previously, it was the Phoenix–Mesa–Glendale metropolitan area, and in 2000, that was changed to Phoenix–Mesa–Scottsdale.

Maricopa County was named after the Maricopa people.[3] Five Indian reservations are located in the county.[4] The largest are the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community (east of Scottsdale) and the Gila River Indian Community (south of Chandler).

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert (0.3%) is covered by water.[5] Maricopa County is one of the largest counties in the United States by area, with a land area greater than that of four other US states. From west to east, it stretches Template:Convert, and Template:Convert from north to south.[6] It is by far Arizona's most populous county, encompassing well over half of the state's residents. It is the largest county in the United States to have a capital city.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Regional parks

Maricopa County has 14 regional parks:

It also has at least 21 protected areas:

Flora and fauna

From 2009 to 2011, an inventory of all vascular plants growing along the Salt River (Arizona), Gila River, New River and Agua Fria River and their tributaries in the Phoenix metropolitan area was done.[7] In October 2022, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department detected Dengue virus in mosquitoes they had trapped; in November the first locally transmitted case of dengue fever was reported in the County and Arizona state as a whole - previous dengue cases in Maricopa County had been related to travel.[8]

Demographics

File:Median Household Income Maricopa County.png
Median Household Income in 2015 across metro Phoenix; the darker the green, the higher the income[9]
File:Poverty in Maricopa County.png
Percent of people living in poverty across metro Phoenix in 2016; the darker the red, the higher the concentration of poverty[10]

Template:US Census population

Racial and ethnic composition since 1960

Racial composition 2020[11] 2010[11][12] 2000[12] 1990[12] 1980[12] 1970[12] 1960[12]
White 59.8% 73.0% 77.3% 84.7% 86.6% 94.8% 94.5%
—Non-Hispanic 53.3% 58.7% 66.2% 77.1% 81.1% - -
Black or African American 5.8% 5.0% 3.7% 3.4% 3.1% 3.3% 3.7%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 30.6% 29.6% 24.8% 16.2% 13.1% 14.5% -
Asian 4.6% 3.5% 2.1% 1.7% - - 0.3%
Native American 2.3% 2.1% 1.8% 1.7% - - 1.2%
Pacific Islander 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% - - - -
Mixed Race 13.6% 2.4% 2.9% - - - -

2020 census

Maricopa County, Arizona – Racial and ethnic composition
Template:Nobold
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[13] Pop 2010[14] Pop 2020[15] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 2,034,530 2,240,055 2,357,571 66.22% 58.68% 53.33%
Black or African American alone (NH) 108,521 177,490 245,239 3.53% 4.65% 5.55%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 45,703 59,252 68,353 1.49% 1.55% 1.55%
Asian alone (NH) 64,562 128,301 197,910 2.10% 3.36% 4.48%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) 3,725 6,723 9,579 0.12% 0.18% 0.22%
Other race alone (NH) 4,086 5,508 20,693 0.13% 0.14% 0.47%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 47,681 71,047 169,808 1.55% 1.86% 3.84%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 763,341 1,128,741 1,351,415 24.85% 29.57% 30.57%
Total 3,072,149 3,817,117 4,420,568 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, 3,817,117 people, 1,411,583 households, and 932,814 families were living in the county.[16] The population density was Template:Convert. The 1,639,279 housing units averaged Template:Convert.[17] The racial makeup of the county was 73.0% white (58.7% non-Hispanic white), 5.0% African American, 3.5% Asian, 2.1% American Indian, 0.2% Pacific islander, 12.8% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 29.6% of the population.[16] The largest ancestry groups were:[18] Template:Div col

Template:Div col end Of the 1,411,583 households, 35.1% had children under 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.9% were not families, and 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.25. The median age was 34.6 years.[16]

The median income for a household in the county was $55,054 and the median income for a family was $65,438. Males had a median income of $45,799 versus $37,601 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,816. About 10.0% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.8% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.[19]

According to data provided by the United States Census Bureau in October 2015 and collected from 2009 to 2013, 73.7% of the population aged five years and over spoke only English at home, while 20.3% spoke Spanish, 0.6% spoke Chinese, 0.5% Vietnamese, 0.4% Tagalog, 0.4% Arabic, 0.4% German, 0.3% French, 0.3% Navajo, 0.2% Korean, 0.2% Hindi, 0.2% Italian, 0.1% Persian, 0.1% Russian, 0.1% Serbo-Croatian, 0.1% Telugu, 0.1% Polish, 0.1% Syriac, 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% spoke Romanian, and 0.1% spoke other Native North American languages at home.[20]

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, 3,072,149 people, 1,132,886 households, and 763,565 families were living in the county. The population density was Template:Convert. The 1,250,231 housing units averaged of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 77.4% White, 3.7% African American, 1.9% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 12.0% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. About 29.5% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. About 19.1% reported speaking Spanish at home.[21]

File:Ethnic Origins in Maricopa County, AZ.png
Ethnic origins in Maricopa County

Of the 1,132,886 households, 33.0% had children under 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were not families. About 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.67, and the average family size was 3.21.

The age distribution in the county was 27.0% under 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $45,358, and for a family was $51,827. Males had a median income of $36,858 versus $28,703 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,251. About 8.0% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.

Religion

In 2010 statistics, the largest religious group in Maricopa County were Catholics, who are organized under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Phoenix with 519,950 Catholics and 99 parishes, and 9 additional eastern rite Catholic parishes. This is followed by 242,732 LDS Mormons with 503 congregations, 213,640 non-denominational adherents with 309 congregations, 93,252 Assembly of God Pentecostals with 120 congregations, 73,207 Southern Baptists with 149 congregations, 35,804 Christian churches and churches of Christ Christians with 29 congregations, 30,014 Evangelical Lutherans with 47 congregations, 28,634 UMC Methodists with 55 congregations, 18,408 Missouri Synod Lutherans with 34 congregations, and 15,001 Presbyterians with 42 congregations. Altogether, 39.1% of the population was claimed as members by religious congregations, although members of historically African-American denominations were underrepresented due to incomplete information.[22] In 2014, the county had 1,177 religious organizations, the fifth most out of all US counties.[23]

Government, policing, and politics

Government

The governing body of Maricopa County is its board of supervisors. The Maricopa County Board of Supervisors consists of five members chosen by popular vote within their own districts. Template:As of the board consists of four Republicans and one Democrat. Each member serves a four-year term, with no term limits.

Maricopa County Sheriff

The Maricopa County Sheriff's Office provides court protection, administers the county jail, and patrols the unincorporated areas of the county plus incorporated towns by contract.

Politics

For much of the time after World War II, Maricopa County was one of the more conservative urban counties in the United States. While the city of Phoenix has historically leaned Republican, most of the rest of the county was more conservative. Until 2020, every Republican presidential candidate since 1952 had carried Maricopa County. This includes the 1964 presidential run of native son Barry Goldwater, who would not have carried his own state had it not been for a 21,000-vote margin in Maricopa County. Until 2020, it was the largest county in the country to vote Republican. From 1968 to 2016, Democrats held the margin within single digits only three times–in 1992, 1996, and 2016. In 2020, Joe Biden became the first Democrat in 72 years to win the county, which flipped Arizona to the Democratic column for the first time since 1996 and only the second time since 1948.[24] Furthermore, Biden became the first presidential candidate to win more than one million votes in the county. This makes Maricopa County the third county in American history to cast more than one million votes for a presidential candidate. The county is also a statewide bellwether, voting for the statewide winning candidate in all elections except 1996. In 2024 however, Trump was able to flip the county back as he carried Arizona in that election due to his increase in support among Hispanics in Phoenix and its suburbs.

Despite its consistent Republican allegiance since 1952, its fast-growing Hispanic population and influx of conservative retirees and Mormons, which were traditionally conservative voting blocs but were increasingly skeptical of President Donald Trump, signaled that it was a crucial bellwether in the 2020 election.[25]

Voter Registration Template:As of[26]
Party Number of voters Percentage
Template:Party color cell Other/Independents 929,212 35.2%
Template:Party color cell Republican 940,064 35.6%
Template:Party color cell Democratic 754,058 28.5%
Template:Party color cell Libertarian Party 19,486 0.7%
Total 2,642,820 100.00%

Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresFoot Despite its political leanings at the time, Maricopa County voted against Proposition 107 in the 2006 election. This referendum, designed to ban gay marriage and restrict domestic partner benefits, was rejected by a 51.6–48.4% margin within the county, and statewide by a similar margin. Two years later, however, a majority of county residents voted to pass a more limited constitutional amendment Proposition 102 to ban same-sex marriage but not state-recognized civil unions or domestic partnerships. The amendment was later invalidated by the Supreme Court's 2015 ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, which declared that same-sex marriage is a fundamental right in the United States.

Unlike cities and towns in Arizona, counties are politically and legally subordinate to the state and do not have charters of their own. The county Board of Supervisors acts under powers delegated by state law, mainly related to minor ordinances and revenue collection. With few exceptions, these powers are narrowly construed. The chairperson of the board presides for a one-year term, selected by the board members during a public hearing.

The county sheriff, county attorney, county assessor, county treasurer, superintendent of schools, county recorder, constables, justices of the peace, and clerk of the Superior Court are elected by the people. Retention of Superior Court judges is also determined by popular vote.

The county's dominant political figure for over two decades (from 1993 to 2017) was Sheriff Joe Arpaio, who called himself "America's Toughest Sheriff" and gained national notoriety for his flamboyant and often controversial practices and policies.[27]

Maricopa County is home to 62 percent of the state's population and therefore dominates Arizona's politics. For example, in the 2018 Senate election, Democrat Kyrsten Sinema carried the county en route to becoming the first Democrat to win a Senate seat in Arizona since 1988.[28] She won the county by over 60,000 votes, more than enough for the victory; she won statewide by 55,900 votes.[29] All but one of the state's nine congressional districts include part of the county, and five of the districts have their population center located there. Most of the state's prominent elected officials live in the county. Further underlining Maricopa County's political dominance, Biden's margin of 45,109 votes was more than enough to carry the state; he only won Arizona by 10,457 votes.

Conversely, in the 2024 General Election, former president Donald Trump won Maricopa County by 71,515 votes and won the state of Arizona by 187,382 votes, making the 5.5 percent statewide victory the largest percentage win of any of the seven 2024 swing states.[30]

Elected officials

United States Congress

District Name Party First electedTemplate:Efn Area(s) represented
United States Senate
Class I Senator Ruben Gallego Democratic 2024 At Large
Class III Senator Mark Kelly Democratic 2020
United States House of Representatives
1 David Schweikert Republican 2010 Fountain Hills, Mesa, Paradise Valley, Phoenix, Scottsdale
2 Eli Crane Republican 2022 Gila River Indian Community
3 Yassamin Ansari Democratic 2024 Glendale, Phoenix, Tempe
4 Greg Stanton Democratic 2018 Chandler, Mesa, Phoenix, Tempe
5 Andy Biggs Republican 2016 Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa, Queen Creek
7 Raul Grijalva Democratic 2002 Avondale, Gila Bend, Goodyear, Tolleson
8 Abraham Hamadeh Republican 2024 Glendale, Peoria, Phoenix, Surprise
9 Paul Gosar Republican 2010 Buckeye, El Mirage, Glendale, Goodyear, Litchfield Park, Surprise

Template:Notelist

The 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 8th districts are all centered in Maricopa County. The 2nd and 9th are centered in rural Arizona, while the 7th is primarily Tucson-based.

Board of Supervisors

Template:Main article

Elected county officials

Party Office Name First elected Reference
Republican Assessor Eddie Cook 2020† [31]
Republican Clerk of the Superior Court Joseph W. Malka 2025† [32]
Republican County Attorney Rachel Mitchell 2022† [33]
Republican County Recorder Justin Heap 2024 [34]
Republican County School Superintendent Shelli Boggs 2024 [35]
Republican Sheriff Jerry Sheridan 2024 [34]
Republican Treasurer John Allen 2020 [34]

†Member was originally appointed to the office.

Education

  • Maricopa County Library District operates the county libraries in Maricopa County.
  • The Maricopa County School Superintendent is charged with the general conduct and supervision of the public school system in Maricopa County. The superintendent is one of six county-wide elected officials, elected by the voters of Maricopa County every four years. Since the inception of the office, there have been thirteen Maricopa County School Superintendents. The incumbent, Steve Watson, took office January 1, 2017.

K-12 schools

School districts with territory in the county (no matter how slight, even if the administration and schools are in other counties) include:[36]

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There is also a state-operated school, Phoenix Day School for the Deaf.

The Phoenix Indian School was formerly in the county.

Transportation

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Major highways

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Air

The major primary commercial airport of the county is Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX).

Other airports located in the county include:

Rail

In terms of freight rail, the Union Pacific Railroad and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad serve the county.

In terms of passenger rail, greater Phoenix is served by a light rail system. The county has no other passenger rail transport as Amtrak's Sunset Limited, which served Phoenix until June 2, 1996, has its closest stop in Maricopa in neighboring Pinal County. The train connects Maricopa to Tucson, Los Angeles, and New Orleans three times a week. However, it does not stop in Phoenix itself.

Communities

Cities

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Towns

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Census-designated places

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Unincorporated communities

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Ghost towns

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Native American communities

County population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Maricopa County.[37][38]

county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Population (2020 Census) Population (2024 Estimate) Municipal type Incorporated
1 Phoenix 1,608,139 1,673,164 City 1881
2 Mesa 504,258 517,151 City 1878 (founded)
3 Chandler 275,987 281,231 City 1920
4 Gilbert 267,918 288,790 Town 1920
5 Glendale 248,325 258,143 City 1910
6 Scottsdale 241,361 246,170 City 1951
7 Peoria (partially in Yavapai County) 190,985 199,924 City 1954
8 Tempe 180,587 190,114 City 1894
9 Surprise 143,148 167,564 City 1960
10 Goodyear 95,294 118,186 City 1946
11 Buckeye 91,502 114,334 City 1929
12 Avondale 89,334 96,609 City 1946
13 Queen Creek (partially in Pinal County) 59,519 83,781 Town 1990
14 Sun City 39,931 -- CDP
15 El Mirage 35,805 36,468 City 1951
16 Sun City West 25,806 -- CDP
17 Fountain Hills 23,820 23,696 Town 1989
18 Anthem 23,190 -- CDP
19 New River 17,290 -- CDP
20 Sun Lakes 14,868 -- CDP
21 Paradise Valley 12,658 12,523 Town 1961
22 Wickenburg (partially in Yavapai County) 7,474 8,301 Town 1909
23 Tolleson 7,216 9,353 City 1929
24 Youngtown 7,056 7,062 Town 1960
25 Litchfield Park 6,847 6,863 City 1987
26 Guadalupe 5,322 5,197 Town 1975
27 Citrus Park 5,194 -- CDP
28 Cave Creek 4,892 5,177 Town 1986
29 Carefree 3,690 3,657 Town 1984
30 Rio Verde 2,210 -- CDP
31 Gila Bend 1,892 1,847 Town 1962
32 Komatke 1,013 -- CDP
33 Maricopa Colony 854 -- CDP
34 St. Johns 690 -- CDP
35 Wittmann 684 -- CDP
36 Gila Crossing 636 -- CDP
37 Aguila 565 -- CDP
38 Morristown 186 -- CDP
39 Arlington 150 -- CDP
40 Theba 111 -- CDP
41 Kaka 83 -- CDP
42 Wintersburg 51 -- CDP
43 Tonopah 23 -- CDP

Climate

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Economy

In 2019, the largest employers in Maricopa County were:[39]

# Employer # of employees
1 Banner Health 27,650
2 State of Arizona 23,950
3 Walmart 16,870
4 Frys Food Stores 15,170
5 Wells Fargo 13,790
6 Maricopa County 13,350
7 City of Phoenix 12,190
8 Intel Corporation 11,410
9 Arizona State University 10,950
10 HonorHealth 9,430
11 JPMorgan Chase Bank National Association 9,310
12 Bank of America 9,180
13 Dignity Health 9,100
14 Amazon 9,050
15 Mesa Unified School District 4 8,500
16 Honeywell 8,450
17 United States Department of the Air Force 7,720
18 Home Depot 7,420
19 State Farm Insurance 7,420
20 United States Postal Service 7,260

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2019 the employment of Maricopa County in the following sectors was:[40]

Sector Number of jobs Percent National percent
Health care and social assistance 312,385 11.2% 11.3%
Retail trade 271,802 9.8% 9.4%
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services 249,786 9.0% 6.2%
Finance and insurance 226,934 8.2% 5.4%
Accommodation and food services 204,917 7.4% 7.5%
Professional, scientific, and technical services 200,508 7.2% 7.2%
Construction 172,119 6.2% 5.5%
Real estate and rental and leasing 169,363 6.1% 4.8%
Local government 152,939 5.5% 7.1%
Other services (except government) 140,788 5.1% 5.8%
Manufacturing 137,444 4.9% 6.7%
Transportation and warehousing 134,151 4.8% 4.5%
Wholesale trade 91,114 3.3% 3.2%
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 64,117 2.3% 2.4%
Educational services 63,445 2.3% 2.4%
State government 49,051 1.8% 2.7%
Information 48,195 1.7% 1.7%
Management of companies and enterprises 35,917 1.7% 1.4%
Federal civilian 21,366 0.8% 1.4%
Military 14,632 0.5% 1.0%
Utilities 8,229 0.3% 0.3%
Farming 6,237 0.2% 1.3%
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 5,356 0.2% 0.6%
Forestry, fishing, and related activities 2,994 0.1% 0.5%
Total 2,783,679 100% 100%

Maricopa produces far more Brassica than anywhere else in the state, including far more cabbage,[41]Template:Rp collards,[41]Template:Rp and mustard greens,[41]Template:Rp and far more eggplant[41]Template:Rp and greenhouse production of tomato.[41]Template:Rp Slightly more kale is grown here than Yavapai,[41]Template:Rp and a close second to Yuma for broccoli,[41]Template:Rp cauliflower,[41]Template:Rp and spinach,[41]Template:Rp and to Yavapai for field tomato.[41]Template:Rp The county is top for parsley and is tied with Pima for other fresh herbs.[41]Template:Rp Some of the state's melon, okra, and bell pepper are also grown here.[41]Template:Rp

Almost all the apricot,[41]Template:Rp freestone peach,[41]Template:Rp persimmon,[41]Template:Rp and nectarine[41]Template:Rp in the state are grown here. The county also ties for the highest amount of cling peach with Cochise,[41]Template:Rp along with Pima produces almost all the pomegranate,[41]Template:Rp and grows most of the kumquat.[41]Template:Rp Maricopa's farms grow a middling amount of fig,[41]Template:Rp grape (Vitis spp. including V. vinifera),[41]Template:Rp and pear (Pyrus spp.) other than Bartlett.[41]Template:Rp A small amount of plum is also produced here.[41]Template:Rp

All of the boysenberry,[41]Template:Rp half of the elderberry (along with Yavapai),[41]Template:Rp and a small amount of the state's blackberry[41]Template:Rp and strawberry[41]Template:Rp are harvested here.

A large part of the vegetable seed in Arizona is grown here.[41]Template:Rp

See also

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References

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Further reading

  • Maricopa County Sheriff's Office, Maricopa County Sheriff's Office History and Pictorial. Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing. Co., 2005.

External links

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Template:Coord Template:Geographic location Template:Maricopa County Arizona, topics Template:Maricopa County, Arizona Template:Phoenix Metropolitan Area Template:US state navigation box Template:Authority control

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