Marais des Cygnes River

Template:Use American English Template:Template other The Marais des Cygnes River (Template:IPAc-en , ) is a principal tributary of the Osage River, about long, in eastern Kansas and western Missouri in the United States. Via the Osage and Missouri rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.

The name means "Marsh of the Swans" in French (presumably in reference to the trumpeter swan, which was historically common in the Midwest).

The river is notorious for flash flooding. It is referred to in the song "The River" by Chely Wright. La Cygne, Kansas, in Linn County and Osawatomie, Kansas, in Miami County are gravely affected by its flooding.

Course

The Marais des Cygnes is formed about 1 mile north of Reading, Kansas, a city in northern Lyon County, by the confluence of Elm Creek and One Hundred Forty-Two Mile Creek, and flows generally east-southeastwardly through Osage, Franklin, Miami and Linn counties in Kansas, and Bates County in Missouri, past the Kansas towns of Melvern, Quenemo, Ottawa, Osawatomie and La Cygne and through the Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge. In Missouri, it joins the Little Osage River at the boundary of Bates and Vernon counties to form the Osage River, west of Schell City.

In Osage County, Kansas, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam causes the river to form Melvern Lake, which is the site of Eisenhower State Park.

Floods

The Marais des Cygnes River has a history of flooding. One of the first such floods that has been noted is the Great Flood of 1844 known as "Big Water" in Native American legend. Though no measurements were taken, it is estimated to have crested at .

Some of the more notable floods after 1844 include the 1909 flood, cresting at ; the 1915 flood, cresting at ; the 1928 flood, cresting at ; the 1944 flood, cresting at ; the 1951 flood, cresting at ; and the 2007 flood, cresting at .

The Great Flood of 1951 happened in June and July 1951, killing 28 people and causing over $935 million damage (in 1951 dollars). This flood also affected the Kansas, Neosho, and Verdigris river basins.

As a result of the 1951 flood, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built levees and flood control systems on the Marais des Cygnes in the 1960s, including massive freestanding gated floodwalls in Ottawa, Kansas. Main Street (Old U.S. Highway 59) in Ottawa has to be detoured or is simply closed down when the gates are shut.

Variant names

The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Marais des Cygnes River" as the name in 1971. According to the Geographic Names Information System, the river has also been known as:

Big Osage River Brush Creek Grand River Le Marais du Cygne River Marais Des Cygnes River Marias des Cygnes River

Mary de Zene River Miry Disein River Old Aunt Mary River Osage River Riviere des Osages

See also

• List of Kansas rivers
• List of Missouri rivers
• Battle of Marais des Cygnes

References

• Columbia Gazetteer of North America entry
• DeLorme (2003). Kansas Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. Template:ISBN.
• DeLorme (2002). Missouri Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. Template:ISBN.