Manifesto
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A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government.[1][2][3][4] A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos—such as those of various artistic movements—reject accepted knowledge in favor of a new idea.[5] Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as creeds or confessions of faith.
Etymology
The Italian word Script error: No such module "Lang"., itself derived from the Latin Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "clear" or "conspicuous". Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in Nathaniel Brent's translation of the Italian from Paolo Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent: "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p. 102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p. 103).[6]
Features
Although the structure of a manifesto is free, there are frequent characteristics that identify it:[7][8][9]
- dissertation structure;
- tone of conclamation;
- presence of vocatives;
- the language can vary, depending on a few factors: Who is the manifesto aimed at? Where will it be released? In the newspaper, on the radio, on television? It is customary to prefer formal language, with verbs in the present indicative or imperative tense;
- Body of the text: the problem is identified and analyzed, presenting arguments that validate what has been said. As the text has an argumentative character (it aims to convince the reader of something), solid arguments must be used;
- place, date and signatures: both the signatures of the people who participated in the preparation of the text and those that support what is asserted;
- title: indicates the content of the manifest;
- it differs from the undersigned in that it is not a claim but a declaration of intent.
Notable examples
- The Declaration of Independence of the United States (1776) by the Committee of Five
- The Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
- Mein Kampf (1925) by Adolf Hitler
- Industrial Society and Its Future (1995) by Theodore John Kaczynski
- The Agile Manifesto (2001) by Martin Fowler and Jim Highsmith
- The Revolution: A Manifesto (2008) by Ron Paul
- Art manifestos
References
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- ↑ Merriam-Webster online dictionary definition of Manifesto Script error: No such module "webarchive"..
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., article on "Wahlprogramm", literally "election programme".
- ↑ Dictionary.com definition of Manifesto Script error: No such module "webarchive"..
- ↑ David Robertson, The Routledge Dictionary of Politics, Edition 3, Psychology Press, 1890 p. 295 Script error: No such module "webarchive"., Template:ISBN, 9780415323772
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “manifesto (n.),” July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/6450578191. From N. Brent, translation of P. Sarpi, Historie of Councel of Trent 103.
- ↑ Duarte, Vânia Maria do Nascimento. "Manifesto"; Brasil Escola. Disponível em <https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/redacao/manifesto.htm>. Acesso em 26 de abril de 2017.
- ↑ Resumo escolar, Características de um manifesto, página visitada em 26 de abri de 2017.
- ↑ Mundo educação, Manifesto, página visitada em 26 de abri de 2017.
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External links
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