List of American supercentenarians

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates American supercentenarians are citizens or residents of the United States who have attained or surpassed 110 years of age. By January 2015, the Gerontology Research Group (GRG) had validated the longevity claims of 782 American supercentenarians.[1]Template:Update inline The oldest living American is Naomi Whitehead (born in Georgia on September 26, 1910, and now residing in Greenville, Pennsylvania), aged Template:Ayd.[2] The longest-lived person ever from the United States is Sarah Knauss, of Hollywood, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, who died on December 30, 1999, aged 119 years and 97 days.[3][4]

100 oldest known Americans

Below is a list of the 100 longest-lived American supercentenarians, according to the GRG and reliable sourcing.[1][5]

  1. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
  2. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline
Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age Birthplace Place of death
or residence
1 Sarah Knauss[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		September 24, 1880 December 30, 1999 Template:Ayd Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
2 Maria Branyas[6]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		March 4, 1907 August 19, 2024[7] Template:Ayd California Spain
3 Delphia Welford[8]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		September 9, 1875 November 14, 1992 Template:Ayd Mississippi Tennessee
4 Susannah Mushatt Jones[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 6, 1899 May 12, 2016 Template:Ayd Alabama New York
5 Gertrude Weaver[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 4, 1898 April 6, 2015 Template:Ayd Arkansas Arkansas
6 Elizabeth Bolden[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 15, 1890 December 11, 2006 Template:Ayd Tennessee Tennessee
7 Besse Cooper[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 26, 1896 December 4, 2012 Template:Ayd Tennessee Georgia
8 Easter Wiggins[9]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		June 1, 1874 July 7, 1990 Template:Ayd Mississippi Mississippi
9 Jeralean Talley[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		May 23, 1899 June 17, 2015 Template:Ayd Georgia Michigan
10 Edith Ceccarelli[6]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		February 5, 1908 February 22, 2024[10] Template:Ayd California California
11 Ella Miller[11]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		December 6, 1884 November 21, 2000 Template:Ayd Tennessee Virginia
12 Maggie Barnes[1]Template:Efn
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		March 6, 1882 January 19, 1998 Template:Ayd North Carolina North Carolina
13 Dina Manfredini[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		April 4, 1897 December 17, 2012 Template:Ayd Italy Iowa
14 Christian Mortensen[1]
M
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 16, 1882 April 25, 1998 Template:Ayd Denmark California
15 Hester Ford[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 15, 1905 April 17, 2021[12] Template:Ayd South Carolina North Carolina
16 Edna Parker[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		April 20, 1893 November 26, 2008 Template:Ayd Indiana Indiana
17 Margaret Skeete[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 27, 1878 May 7, 1994 Template:Ayd Texas Virginia
18 Bernice Madigan[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 24, 1899 January 3, 2015 Template:Ayd Massachusetts Massachusetts
19 Gertrude Baines[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		April 6, 1894 September 11, 2009 Template:Ayd Georgia California
20 Bettie Wilson[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		September 13, 1890 February 13, 2006 Template:Ayd Mississippi Mississippi
21 Iris Westman[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 28, 1905 January 3, 2021[13] Template:Ayd North Dakota North Dakota
22 Marie-Josephine Gaudette[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		March 25, 1902 July 13, 2017 Template:Ayd New Hampshire Italy
23 Susie Gibson[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 31, 1890 February 16, 2006 Template:Ayd Mississippi Alabama
Thelma Sutcliffe[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 1, 1906 January 17, 2022[14] Nebraska Nebraska
25 Edna Kern[8]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 14, 1900 January 20, 2016 Template:Ayd California Nevada
26 Elizabeth Francis[2]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 25, 1909 October 22, 2024[15] Template:Ayd Louisiana Texas
27 Augusta Holtz[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 3, 1871 October 21, 1986 Template:Ayd PrussiaTemplate:Efn Missouri
28 Bessie Hendricks[16]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		November 7, 1907 January 3, 2023[17] Template:Ayd Iowa Iowa
29 Katie Hatton[18]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		December 18, 1876 January 24, 1992 Template:Ayd Texas Texas
30 Maud Farris-Luse[19]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		February 21, 1887 March 18, 2002 Template:Ayd Michigan Michigan
31 Antonia Gerena Rivera[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		May 19, 1900 June 2, 2015 Template:Ayd Puerto RicoTemplate:Efn Florida
32 Mary Bidwell[20]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		May 9, 1881 April 25, 1996 Template:Ayd Connecticut Connecticut
33 Hazel Plummer[16]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		June 19, 1908 May 25, 2023[21] Template:Ayd Massachusetts Massachusetts
34 Ophelia Burks[9]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 25, 1903 September 27, 2018 Template:Ayd Louisiana Louisiana
35 Eliza Underwood[22]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		March 15, 1866 January 27, 1981 Template:Ayd North Carolina District of Columbia
36 Mary Josephine Ray[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		May 17, 1895 March 7, 2010 Template:Ayd Canada New Hampshire
37 Goldie Steinberg[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 30, 1900 August 16, 2015 Template:Ayd MoldovaTemplate:Efn New York
38 Naomi Whitehead[2]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		September 26, 1910 Living Template:Ayd Georgia Pennsylvania
39 Delphine Gibson[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 17, 1903 May 9, 2018 Template:Ayd South Carolina Pennsylvania
40 Mary Royster[23]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		April 15, 1875 December 28, 1989 Template:Ayd Virginia North Carolina
41 Neva Morris[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 3, 1895 April 6, 2010 Template:Ayd Iowa Iowa
42 Mary Ana Long[24]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		February 18, 1905 October 16, 2019 Template:Ayd Kentucky Kentucky
43 Blanche Cobb[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		September 8, 1900 May 1, 2015 Template:Ayd Georgia Florida
44 Mila Mangold[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		November 14, 1907 July 2, 2022[25] Template:Ayd Nebraska California
45 Myrtle Dorsey[26]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		November 20, 1885 June 25, 2000 Template:Ayd Ohio Ohio
46 Carrie Lazenby[27]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		February 9, 1882 September 4, 1996 Template:Ayd Georgia Illinois
47 Walter Breuning[5]
M
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		September 21, 1896 April 14, 2011 Template:Ayd Minnesota Montana
48 Eunice Sanborn[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 20, 1896 January 31, 2011 Template:Ayd Louisiana Texas
49 Grace Clawson[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		November 15, 1887 May 28, 2002 Template:Ayd United Kingdom New York
50 Wilhelmina Kott[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		March 7, 1880 September 6, 1994 Template:Ayd Illinois Illinois
Adelina Domingues[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		February 19, 1888 August 21, 2002 Cape VerdeTemplate:Efn California
52 Lucy Mirigian[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 15, 1906 February 12, 2021 Template:Ayd ArmeniaTemplate:Efn California
53 Charlotte Benkner[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		November 16, 1889 May 14, 2004 Template:Ayd Germany Ohio
54 Ettie Mae Greene[28]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		September 19, 1877 February 26, 1992 Template:Ayd West Virginia West Virginia
55 Dominga Velasco[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		May 12, 1901 October 11, 2015 Template:Ayd Mexico California
56 Irene Frank[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 1, 1881 February 28, 1996 Template:Ayd Texas Missouri
57 Georgia Ella Jordan[29]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		September 18, 1880 February 9, 1995 Template:Ayd Georgia Virginia
58 Olivia Patricia Thomas[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		June 29, 1895 November 16, 2009 Template:Ayd Iowa New York
Alelia Murphy[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 6, 1905 November 23, 2019 North Carolina New York
60 Irene Dunham[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		December 16, 1907 May 1, 2022[30] Template:Ayd Michigan Michigan
61 Nina Willis[16]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		January 14, 1909 May 17, 2023[31] Template:Ayd Georgia Georgia
Pearl Berg[6]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 1, 1909 February 1, 2024[32] Indiana California
63 Anna Henderson[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		March 5, 1900 July 1, 2014 Template:Ayd Georgia Pennsylvania
64 Emma Verona Johnston[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 6, 1890 December 1, 2004 Template:Ayd Iowa Ohio
Mamie Rearden[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		September 7, 1898 January 2, 2013 South Carolina Georgia
Erna Zahn[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		April 14, 1908 August 9, 2022[33] Wisconsin Minnesota
67 Bettie Chatmon[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		April 30, 1884 August 16, 1998 Template:Ayd Louisiana Texas
Lessie Brown[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		September 22, 1904 January 8, 2019 Georgia Ohio
69 Odie Matthews[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		December 28, 1878 April 14, 1993 Template:Ayd Texas Arizona
70 Florence Knapp[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 10, 1873 January 11, 1988 Template:Ayd Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
Elena Slough[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 4, 1889 October 5, 2003 Pennsylvania New Jersey
72 Mary Anna Boone[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		February 10, 1887 May 13, 2001 Template:Ayd Kentucky Kentucky
73 Minnie Whicker[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 24, 1906 October 22, 2020 Template:Ayd Arkansas California
74 Delma Kollar[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 31, 1897 January 24, 2012 Template:Ayd Kansas Oregon
75 Ila Jones[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 21, 1903 November 10, 2017 Template:Ayd Georgia Georgia
76 Maggie Renfro[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		November 14, 1895 January 22, 2010 Template:Ayd Louisiana Louisiana
77 Emma Tillman[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		November 22, 1892 January 28, 2007 Template:Ayd North Carolina Connecticut
Anna Stoehr[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 15, 1900 December 21, 2014 Iowa Minnesota
79 Leila Denmark[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		February 1, 1898 April 1, 2012 Template:Ayd Georgia Georgia
80 Adele Dunlap[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		December 12, 1902 February 5, 2017[34] Template:Ayd New Jersey New Jersey
81 Mary Harris[2]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		May 13, 1911 Living Template:Ayd New York Tennessee
82 Naomi Conner[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 30, 1899 October 18, 2013 Template:Ayd Texas Texas
Ora Holland[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		December 24, 1900 February 11, 2015 Missouri Oklahoma
84 Ellen Goodwill[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		February 2, 1907 March 2, 2021[35] Template:Ayd Kentucky Michigan
85 Grace Thaxton[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		June 18, 1891 July 6, 2005 Template:Ayd New York Kentucky
86 Soledad Mexia[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		August 13, 1899 August 30, 2013 Template:Ayd Mexico California
87 Minnie Ward[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		November 19, 1885 December 2, 1999 Template:Ayd Tennessee Massachusetts
88 Arbella Ewing[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		March 13, 1894 March 22, 2008 Template:Ayd Texas Texas
89 Catherine Hagel[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		November 28, 1894 December 6, 2008 Template:Ayd Minnesota Minnesota
90 Emma Otis[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		October 22, 1901 October 25, 2015 Template:Ayd Washington Washington
91 Ellen Jurick[36]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 15, 1895 July 13, 2009 Template:Ayd Pennsylvania Michigan
Bonita Gibson[2]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 4, 1911 Living Template:Ayd Kansas Michigan
93 Fred Harold Hale[1]
M
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		December 1, 1890 November 19, 2004 Template:Ayd Maine New York
94 Miriam Carpelan[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 8, 1882 June 22, 1996 Template:Ayd United Kingdom California
Elsie Thompson[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		April 5, 1899 March 21, 2013 Pennsylvania Florida
96 Bertha Fry[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		December 1, 1893 November 14, 2007 Template:Ayd Indiana Indiana
97 Mae Harrington[1]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		January 20, 1889 December 29, 2002 Template:Ayd New York New York
98 Ellen Thomas[37]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		December 25, 1877 December 2, 1991 Template:Ayd Tennessee Michigan
Daisey Bailey[5]
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		March 30, 1896 March 7, 2010 Tennessee Michigan
100 Secundina CamarenaScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
F
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		July 16, 1891 June 20, 2005 Template:Ayd Mexico California

Biographies

Delphia Welford

Delphia S. Welford (September 9, 1875Template:SndNovember 14, 1992)[38] was an American supercentenarian claimed to have been born on September 9, 1881; however, research conducted by the Gerontology Research Group between 2016 and 2023 determined that she was actually born in 1875, and that she was born in Okolona, Mississippi.[39]

Welford's parents were Richard and Heddie Welford. The family moved to Humboldt, Tennessee, when she was still a child. She had one son, Leo Mathis, in the late 1890s. Welford never married and spent the rest of her life in Humboldt. She was a homemaker and a member of the Lane Chapel C.M.E Church.

Welford died at Parkview Manor Health Care Center in Humboldt, on November 14, 1992, at the age of 117 years, 66 days. She had been the oldest person ever from the United States after surpassing the age of Easter Wiggins on October 16, 1991. Welford would continue to hold this distinction until November 30, 1997, when Sarah Knauss lived past her final age. Remarkably, despite living past 117 years, Welford was never the world's oldest living person as Jeanne Calment was older and still alive when Welford died. Welford is the oldest person never to have been the world's oldest living person.

Mary Bidwell

Mary Electa Bidwell (May 9, 1881 – April 25, 1996)[20] was an American supercentenarian. She died aged 114 years and 352 days and is the oldest person on record ever to die in Connecticut.[40][41][42]

Her parents were Charles Woodruff Bidwell and Alice Beach Nobel.[41] She was a descendant of John Bidwell, one of the founders of Hartford, Connecticut. Bidwell worked as a teacher in a one-room schoolhouse for six years. She married Charles Hubbell Bidwell, a distant cousin, in 1906.[40] Bidwell lived on her own in North Haven, Connecticut, until she was 110. Bidwell died at the Arden House, a nursing home in Hamden, Connecticut.[42]

Maggie Barnes

Maggie Pauline Barnes (née Hinnant; March 6, 1882 – January 19, 1998)[43] was an American supercentenarian. She was born to a former slave and married a tenant farmer. Barnes died on January 19, 1998, in Johnston County, North Carolina, of gangrene.[44]

Her exact year of birth has been disputed. Though the year 1882 is written in her family bible, the 1900 US Census records her birth year as 1881 and her marriage license claims that she was born in 1880.[44] Authenticating to what was put on the family Bible, Barnes lived for 115 years and 319 days.

Adelina Domingues

Adelina Domingues (February 19, 1888 – August 21, 2002) was a Cape Verdean American supercentenarian who was the world's oldest person from the death of 114-year-old British-American woman Grace Clawson on May 28, 2002, to her own death less than three months later.[45] Domingues was born in Cape Verde. Domingues's Italian father was a harbor pilot by profession, and her mother was Portuguese by ethnicity.[46] She married a ship captain in 1907, and moved to the United States that year.[46] Her husband died from cancer in 1950.[46] Domingues was a missionary from the Church of the Nazarene in Cape Verde and other parts of Africa, and also a religious preacher when she lived in Massachusetts, as well as an expert seamstress.[46]

Domingues was a firm believer in the American Dream, was deeply religious, had conservative political views and was a pen pal of former President of the United States Ronald Reagan.[46] She had four children, but only one of them (a son, Frank) reached adulthood.[46] Frank died in 1998 at the age of 71, with Adelina outliving him by four years.[46] Domingues died at a nursing home in the San Diego, California, area on August 21, 2002, at age 114 years and 183 days.[46] She had claimed she was actually one year older, or 115 years old, but her family and Cape Verdean diplomats did some research and discovered her baptismal information, from which they concluded that Domingues was 114 years old when she died.[47]

Charlotte Benkner

Charlotte Benkner (née Enterlein; November 16, 1889 – May 14, 2004)[48][49][50][51] was an American supercentenarian and considered the world's oldest person from 2003 to 2004.[52][48][49] Subsequent recognition of other supercentenarians ranked Benkner as the third oldest at the time of her death.[50]

Benkner was born in Leipzig, Germany, and emigrated to the U.S. in 1896. She grew up in Peekskill, New York, where her family ran the Albert Hotel, and as a young woman once met then U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.[51][53] After her 1908 marriage to Karl Benkner, she moved west, living in Pennsylvania and Ohio, before retiring to Arizona. Already a supercentenarian and the oldest person in Arizona, Benkner returned to Ohio to live in North Lima with her sister Tillie O'Hare, her youngest sibling.[51] Tillie died in January 2004, just three weeks shy of becoming a centenarian.[53] Benkner survived her sister by only four months, and died at age 114 years and 180 days, after a brief hospital stay in Youngstown, Ohio.

Fred Harold Hale

Frederick Harold Hale Sr. (December 1, 1890 – November 19, 2004) was born in New Sharon, Maine. He married Flora Mooers (d. 1979) in 1910, and had five children, three of which he outlived.[54] Throughout his life, he worked as a railroad worker and a beekeeper, before retiring to pursue gardening and canning produce. At the age of 95, he surfed for the first time in Hawaii, while on his way back to the U.S. from visiting his grandson in Japan.[55] He was recognized by Guinness World Records as the oldest driver in the world at the age of 104, and he continued driving until age 108. At 109, he moved to the Syracuse area in New York State. A lifelong fan of the Boston Red Sox, he was alive to see both their 1918 and 2004 World Series victories.[54]

On March 5, 2004, upon the death of 114-year-old Joan Riudavets of Spain, Hale became the world's oldest living man. He died on November 19, 12 days before his 114th birthday,[54] and was succeeded as the world's oldest man by Emiliano Mercado del Toro.

Emma Verona Johnston

Emma Verona Johnston (née Calhoun; August 6, 1890 – December 1, 2004) was an American supercentenarian who was born in Indianola, Iowa, to a large family.[56] She graduated from Drake University in the Class of 1912 and went on to work as a Latin teacher before she married ophthalmologist Harry Johnston;[57][58][59] at the time of her death, she was the university's oldest living graduate.[57]

At age 98, Johnston moved from Iowa to Ohio in order to live with her daughter and son-in-law. Even after turning 110, she continued to be in good health, alert and engaging in conversations, and was still able to walk up steps.[57] She became the oldest known living American in May 2004.[56] Three months later, on the occasion of her 114th birthday, she was presented with a proclamation signed by then Drake University President David Maxwell.[60] The university's Vice President for Institutional Advancement, John Willey, nominated her for an honorary degree.[59] Johnston died in Worthington, Ohio, on December 1, 2004,[56] at age 114 years and 117 days.

Bettie Wilson

Bettie Antry Wilson (née Rutherford; September 13, 1890 – February 13, 2006)[61] was thought to be the oldest living person in the United States from December 2004 until the subsequent verification of Elizabeth Bolden. Both were born in the rural South, where they lived less than 100 miles apart. Wilson was the daughter of freed slaves, Solomon and Delia Rutherford.[62]

In April 2005, Wilson moved into a new home funded by donations, in New Albany. She celebrated her 115th birthday in September 2005, and died on February 13, 2006, aged 115 years, 153 days.[61]

George Francis

George Rene Francis (June 6, 1896 – December 27, 2008)[63][64][65] was an American supercentenarian and the joint second-oldest living man in the world, together with Englishman Henry Allingham, also born on June 6, 1896, until Francis's death aged 112 years and 204 days. He was also the oldest living man in the United States, following the death of then 111-year-old Antonio Pierro on February 8, 2007. Francis was from New Orleans, Louisiana, but after 1949 lived in Sacramento, California, where a local newspaper published a poem that Francis enjoyed reciting to friends and the public throughout his life.[66] He credited his longevity to nature, and enjoyed a rich diet of pork, eggs, milk and lard. He gave up smoking cigars at the age of 75.[67]

Francis attempted to join the army in World War I, but was rejected for service in 1918 as being too short and small (he weighed only about Script error: No such module "convert".). Despite this, he later was a boxer before becoming a barber and then a chauffeur.[63]

Evelyn Kozak

Eva Chavka Rivka "Evelyn" Kozak (née Jacobson) (August 14, 1899 – June 11, 2013)[68][69] was an American Jewish supercentenarian,[70][71][72][73] born in New York City to Isaac and Kate Jacobson, who fled from the Russian Empire, and the oldest verified Jewish person in history from November 6, 2012, 12 weeks after turning 113, when she broke fellow German-born American Adelheid Kirschbaum's record of 113 years and 83 days though until August 27, 2014, when fellow Russian-born American Goldie Steinberg (born October 30, 1900), who was the oldest living Jewish person after her death, broke her record.

Kozak died of a heart attack at a hospital in Brooklyn, New York City, early in the morning of June 11, 2013,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". barely around a quarter of a day before the oldest living person, 116-year-old Japaneseman Jiroemon Kimura (who died 2:08 a.m. the night of June 12, which is 1:08 p.m. the afternoon of June 11 EDT).

Bernice Madigan

Bernice Madigan (née Emerson; July 24, 1899 – January 3, 2015) was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts,[5][74][75] and moved to Cheshire when she was six.[76] In 1918, after graduating from Adams High School,[76][77] she responded to government drives to recruit women into employment during WWI, and moved to Washington, D.C.[74] After the war, she worked as a secretary for the Department of the Treasury and the Veterans Administration.[78] She married Paul Madigan (d. 1976) in 1925;[78] they lived in the Washington, D.C., area and then in Silver Spring, Maryland.[76] She retired in 1942, after which she volunteered with the church and at nursing homes, playing piano for residents.[76] She returned to live with family in Massachusetts in 2007.[78] She participated in Boston University School of Medicine's New England Centenarian Study,[79] and was interviewed and filmed by the Center for Aging at the University of Chicago and the ABC World News.[79] She is one of 100 centenarians in The Archon Genomics XPRIZE.[80][81] She joined social media, with profiles on Facebook and Twitter.[78][82][83] Madigan died in her sleep at the age of 115 years and 163 days at 2 a.m. on January 3, 2015.[75][83] At the time of her death, she was the oldest living resident of Massachusetts,[84] the fourth-oldest living person in the United States[85] and the world's fifth-oldest living person.[85][86]

Gertrude Weaver

Gertrude Weaver (née Gaines; July 4, 1898 - April 6, 2015) was an American supercentenarian who held the title of world's oldest living person for six days in 2015. She gained the title after the death of Misao Okawa on April 1, 2015, and was succeeded by Jeralean Talley upon her death on April 6, 2015. Weaver became the oldest person in the United States at 114 years old on December 17, 2012. She also holds the titles of fifth-oldest person in American history and ninth-oldest person ever at 116 years, 276 days. Weaver was the third-to-last American born in the 1800s and the sixth-to-last American born in the 19th century.

Gertrude Gaines was born on July 4, 1898, in Lafayette County, Arkansas to sharecroppers Charles and Ophelia Gaines. Gaines married Gennie Weaver (1898–1969), with whom she had four children, on July 18, 1915. Gertrude was outlived by her second son and third child, Joe, who died at 93 in 2018. Weaver worked as a domestic helper for her entire life.[87] She temporarily moved into Silver Oaks Heath and Rehabilitation Center in Camden, Arkansas, at the age of 104 after she broke her hip, but moved back home soon after. Weaver permanently moved back into the nursing home at the age of 109.

Weaver said that the secret to her longevity was, "Use a lot of skin moisturiser, treat everyone nice, love your neighbour and eat your own cooking."[88] On July 4, 2014 (Weaver's 116th birthday), the mayor of Camden declared July 4 to be "Gertrude Day" in Weaver's honor. She died on April 6, 2015, of complications with pneumonia.[89]

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  2. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ a b Musante, Glenna B. (January 22, 1998) "Johnston woman, one of world's oldest, dies at 117" The Raleigh News & Observer. Section: News; B1.
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ a b c d e f g h Adelina Domingues, 114; Oldest Person in the U.S. Los Angeles Times, August 24, 2002.
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ a b Guinness World Records 2005. Guinness World Records Template:ISBN
  51. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Also available from the website of the GRG at OBITUARY: "Emma Johnston, 114; Ohioan Was Oldest Living American"
  57. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ a b Bettie Wilson, 115; One of Three Oldest Americans (LA Times)
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Template:Lists of the oldest people by specific groups Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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