Macoupin County, Illinois
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Macoupin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 44,967.[1] The county seat is Carlinville.[2]
The primary industry is agriculture, consisting of crops of corn (maize), soybeans, and some wheat.
History
The region was inhabited by Illinoisan Indians when the first white explorers arrived. Script error: No such module "Lang". is an adaptation of the Miami-Illinois term for the American lotus Nelumbo lutea. None of the native Indians remain, although some descendants of the earliest European settlers claim partial ancestry. The first European contact was by French explorers in the seventeenth century, travelling southward down the major rivers. The main European settlement was from the southwest, as people moved inland from the established transportation route of the Mississippi River.
Macoupin County was established on January 17, 1829.[3] It was formed out of Greene and Madison Counties and was named after Macoupin Creek,[4] which runs near Carlinville and meanders southwest to the Illinois River. The economy was based on subsistence agriculture, and communication was to the southwest.
In the middle 19th century, Illinois developed and changed rapidly. The greatest change was in the building of railroads, and Macoupin County was on the rail and road transportation link between St. Louis and the still-young metropolis of Chicago. The county lies midway between St. Louis and the relocated state capital of Springfield. The economy was still based entirely on agriculture, but there was now easier market access. Towns were small and sparsely distributed, and any new communities were founded along the railroad lines that provided transportation. Culturally, the county remained closer to its historical ties with St. Louis than to more northerly areas.
Agriculture remained a mainstay of the economy, but this was joined by coal mining, an industry that partially changed the complexion of the county. With coal underlying the entire region, the most economical development was to place mines alongside the railroad tracks (for transportation of coal) and located in or near already-existing towns. By the twentieth century, there were mines in many towns, all of them with substantial populations of foreign-born miners from everywhere in Europe.
During the twentieth century, agriculture and coal mining remained the mainstays of the county's economy, and the county's fortunes rose and fell with them. Farming was still family based. Macoupin County was often at the center of major labor disputes between mine owners and miners and was a hotbed of union activity. The county had previously played a significant role in violent 1890s disputes that brought unwanted national attention, was at center stage when the United Mine Workers rose to power, and was again prominent during the internecine war between the UMW and the Progressive Miners of America of the 1930s.
Agriculture remained the county's prime economic activity, but farming became a large-scale corporate enterprise, with small family farms rapidly disappearing. Coal mining decreased and has almost disappeared entirely. Buildings and structures related to coal mining were torn down as they were wasted away, so there is now little to see of this once-major industry.
Towns were (and still are) characterized either by a midwestern town square layout or by a main street layout. In the former, a central city block may be a small park with a gazebo, with the small businesses of the town surrounding it. In the latter, a single street will have the small businesses of the town lining either side of it. Carlinville has a city square layout, with the main county building occupying the central city block. This building houses all the offices of the county.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Typically, churches of the various denominations will lie within two or three blocks of the town square, or sometimes will lie mainly along a single street near the town's center.
With modern roads easily accessible, some towns in the northern part of the county became virtual bedroom communities as people commuted to Springfield to work and shop, hastening the decline of small businesses in the towns. The same effect was felt in the southernmost part of the county, and in 2005, the U.S. Census Bureau included the county in the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area due to increased commuting patterns and employment in St. Louis and the Metro-East.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (0.5%) is water.[5]
Climate and weather
In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Carlinville have ranged from a low of Script error: No such module "convert". in January to a high of Script error: No such module "convert". in July. A record low of Script error: No such module "convert". was recorded in February 1905 and a record high of Script error: No such module "convert". was recorded in July 1954. Average monthly precipitation ranged from Script error: No such module "convert". in February to Script error: No such module "convert". in May.[6]
Major highways
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- File:I-55.svg Interstate 55
- File:Illinois 4.svg Illinois Route 4
- File:Illinois 16.svg Illinois Route 16
- File:Illinois 138.svg Illinois Route 138
- File:Illinois 108.svg Illinois Route 108
- File:Illinois 111.svg Illinois Route 111
- File:Illinois 159.svg Illinois Route 159
- File:Illinois 267.svg Illinois Route 267
Adjacent counties
- Sangamon County – northeast
- Montgomery County – east
- Madison County – south
- Greene County – west
- Jersey County – west
- Morgan County – northwest
Demographics
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| Census | Pop. | Template:Sronly | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 1,990 | — | |
| 1840 | 7,826 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1850 | 12,355 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1860 | 24,602 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1870 | 32,726 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1880 | 37,692 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1890 | 40,352 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1900 | 42,256 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1910 | 50,685 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1920 | 57,274 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1930 | 48,703 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1940 | 46,304 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1950 | 44,210 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1960 | 43,524 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1970 | 44,557 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1980 | 49,384 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1990 | 47,679 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2000 | 49,019 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2010 | 47,765 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2020 | 44,967 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[7] 1790-1960[8] 1900-1990[9] 1990-2000[10] 2010[11] | |||
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2020 census
As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 44,967. The median age was 44.4 years. 20.9% of residents were under the age of 18 and 21.6% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 95.6 males age 18 and over.[12]
The racial makeup of the county was 93.6% White, 0.8% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.4% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.3% from some other race, and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 1.3% of the population.[13]
34.5% of residents lived in urban areas, while 65.5% lived in rural areas.[14]
There were 18,804 households in the county, of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 49.6% were married-couple households, 18.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 24.5% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[12]
There were 21,023 housing units, of which 10.6% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 76.0% were owner-occupied and 24.0% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.8%.[12]
Racial and ethnic composition
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 1980[15] | Pop 1990[16] | Pop 2000[17] | Pop 2010[18] | Pop 2020[19] | % 1980 | % 1990 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 21,665 | 20,089 | 47,828 | 46,315 | 41,850 | 97.74% | 96.15% | 97.57% | 96.96% | 93.07% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 297 | 581 | 396 | 359 | 368 | 1.34% | 2.78% | 0.81% | 0.75% | 0.82% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 37 | 37 | 100 | 110 | 109 | 0.17% | 0.18% | 0.20% | 0.23% | 0.24% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 26 | 31 | 88 | 129 | 179 | 0.12% | 0.15% | 0.18% | 0.27% | 0.40% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | x [20] | x [21] | 12 | 8 | 0 | x | x | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 9 | 1 | 19 | 32 | 54 | 0.04% | 0.00% | 0.04% | 0.07% | 0.12% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | x [22] | x [23] | 271 | 394 | 1,837 | x | x | 0.55% | 0.82% | 4.09% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 133 | 154 | 305 | 418 | 570 | 0.60% | 0.74% | 0.62% | 0.88% | 1.27% |
| Total | 22,167 | 20,893 | 49,019 | 47,765 | 44,967 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2010 census
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 47,765 people, 19,381 households, and 13,224 families residing in the county.[24] The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 21,584 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert"..[5] The racial makeup of the county was 97.6% white, 0.8% black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.2% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.9% of the population.[24] In terms of ancestry, 35.8% were German, 16.2% were Irish, 13.9% were English, 9.5% were American, and 8.0% were Italian.[25]
Of the 19,381 households, 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.8% were non-families, and 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age was 41.7 years.[24]
The median income for a household in the county was $47,178 and the median income for a family was $59,700. Males had a median income of $48,878 versus $30,748 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,222. About 9.7% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.4% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.[26]
Communities
Cities
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Towns
Villages
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Unincorporated communities
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Townships
Macoupin County is divided into twenty-six townships:
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Politics
As part of the rural German Catholic belt surrounding the Illinois section of the St. Louis metropolitan area, Macoupin County traditionally favored the Democratic Party. Up to and including the 2000 election, Macoupin voted for the Republican nominee only in six major landslide victories, and no Republican gained an absolute majority of the county's vote until Richard Nixon’s 3,000-plus-county landslides victory over George McGovern in 1972.
The twenty-first century has seen a major change in these voting patterns due to the county's conservative population. The 2012 election saw Illinoisan Barack Obama become the first Democrat to win the presidency without carrying Macoupin County, and in 2016 Hillary Clinton won less than thirty percent of the vote in this once traditionally Democratic county – a figure eleven percent worse than McGovern's in his landslide defeat. Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresFoot
Education
- Bunker Hill Community Unit School District 8
- Carlinville Community Unit School District 1
- Gillespie Community Unit School District 7
- Mount Olive Community Unit School District 5
- North Mac Community Unit School District 34
- Northwestern Community Unit School District 2
- Southwestern Community Unit School District 9
- Staunton Community Unit School District 6[27]
See also
References
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- ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
- ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
- ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
- ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
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- ↑ Illinois State Board of Education, ISBE Education Data Systems, Public School District Lookup, accessed May 26, 2023.
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External links
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