Lockhart River, Queensland
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Australian English Script error: No such module "For". Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Lockhart River is a town in the Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River and a coastal locality split between the Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River and the Shire of Cook, on the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. The town is an Aboriginal community. From 1924 to 1967, the Lockhart River Mission was run by the Anglican Church. In the Template:CensusAU, the locality of Lockhart River had a population of 640 people.[1]
Geography
Lockhart River is a coastal Aboriginal community situated on the eastern coast of the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. The population consists mostly of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, whose ancestors were forcibly moved to the area beginning in 1924.[2]
The locality includes a number of islands off the east coast: Chapman Island, Lloyd Island, Rocky Island, Sherrard Island, and Sunter Island (all of which are in the Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River).[3]
History
Early European history
Lockhart River takes its name from the river located Script error: No such module "convert". south of the community. The river was named by explorer Robert Logan Jack in January 1880, after a close friend, Hugh Lockhart.[4]
Non-Indigenous people first arrived in 1848, when the explorer Edmund Kennedy set up a base camp near the mouth of the Pascoe River at Weymouth Bay.[5] Kennedy left eight men at the camp but by the time they were located by the supply ship, only two remained alive, the other six having died from disease and starvation.[5]
By the 1870s, fishermen with luggers looking for trepang, pearl shell, and trochus were in the coastal areas. Miners in search of tin and gold, along with timber cutters, were in the hills around Gordon Creek and the country inland around the Wenlock River.[6]
Lockhart River Mission (1924–1967)
The Anglican Church established a mission at Orchid Point near the Lockhart River in 1924, at a location that had been a centre of a sandalwood trade. Aboriginal people came and were collected from parts of the Cape York Peninsula and placed at the mission, known as the Lockhart River Mission, Old Lockhart River Mission, or just Lockhart Mission. Six months later, the mission was relocated to Bare Hill, south of Cape Direction. In the 1930s, Lamalama people were forcibly relocated to the mission from the Port Stewart area, but they later returned. In 1939, many people who had earlier been removed from Coen to the mission, returned to the Coen area.[7][8]
Lockhart State School opened on 1 January 1924.[9]
Iron Range Post Office opened on 5 November 1936, closed in 1942, reopened in 1950, and was renamed Lockhart River in 1978.[10]
After the Second World War broke out, the European superintendent went on furlough in 1942,[11] and the Aboriginal people were told to go to several bush camps and fend for themselves. After six months, in July 1942, the mission was reopened[12] but with poor resources and a lack of funding. Things improved under superintendent John Warby in the 1950s. A cooperative society was created in 1954 by the Rev. Alf Clint for the management of the trochus shell industry, until the market failed.[13] New houses were built and a village was created on the ocean side.[11]
During World War II, Lockhart River Airport was constructed as a large American bomber base with three airstrips operating. The US bombers flew to Papua New Guinea and were met by their fighter escorts based at Bamaga and Horn Island further north. Many thousands of troops, both US and Australian, passed through as part of their jungle training before being shipped to southeast Asia, and many sorties from the base were flown against Japanese forces during the critical Battle of the Coral Sea, 4–8 May 1942. Portland Roads community, Script error: No such module "convert". north of Lockhart River, was the supply port for the war effort with a large jetty. This jetty has since been removed. Many old bunkers and rusting 44 gallon drums can still be found in bush areas.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
St James' Anglican Church was built circa 1953 from timber (approx Script error: No such module "Coordinates".).[14]
In 1967, the church handed over the mission to the Queensland government, which tried to relocate the people to Bamaga.[12] Most of the people refused to go. In 1968–1969, the people were relocated from the traditional area of the Uutaalnganu people on the coast to a new site in Kuuku Ya'u country, further north and inland from Quintel Beach.[11] This move and the assimilation policy of the new administration resulted in much discontent and friction.[15]
Post-mission era
The Lockhart River Community was given Deed of Grant in Trust (DOGIT) title to the lands in 1987. Locally elected councillors now provide administration for the Lockhart River DOGIT.[12]
Circa 1974, a new brick St James' Anglican Church was built in Liway Street.[16]
On 7 May 2005, a Fairchild Aircraft Inc. SA227-DC Metro 23 aircraft, registered VH-TFU, with two pilots and 13 passengers, was being operated by Transair on an instrument flight rules regular public transport service from Bamaga to Cairns, with an intermediate stop at Lockhart River, Queensland. At 1143:39 Eastern Standard Time, the aircraft impacted terrain in the Kutini-Payamu National Park on the north-western slope of South Pap, a heavily timbered ridge, approximately Script error: No such module "convert". north-west of the Lockhart River aerodrome. At the time of the accident, the crew was conducting an area navigation global navigation satellite system (GNSS) nonprecision approach to runway 12. The aircraft was destroyed by the impact forces and an intense, fuel-fed, post-impact fire. There were no survivors.[17]
On 11 April 2014, the former locality of Lockhart was split into two new localities: Iron Range and Lockhart River.[18]
Governance
Lockhart River is both a town located in the Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River and a coastal locality split between the Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River and the Shire of Cook.[19][20][21]
Climate
Lockhart River has a tropical savannah climate (Köppen: Aw), with an oppressive wet season between November and May and a dry season from June and October with somewhat cooler temperatures and lower humidity.[22] Temperatures remain warm to hot year-round, with average maxima varying from Script error: No such module "convert". in July to Script error: No such module "convert". in December. Due to its average annual rainfall of Script error: No such module "convert"., Lockhart River only has 36.4 clear days annually. Extreme temperatures have ranged from Script error: No such module "convert". on 19 November 1990 to Script error: No such module "convert". on 20 July 1965.[23]
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Demographics
In the Template:CensusAU, the town of Lockhart River had a population of 542 people with 484 (89.3%) identifying as Indigenous.[24]
In the Template:CensusAU, the town of Lockhart River had a population of 463 people with 422 (90.6%) identifying as Indigenous.[25]
In the Template:CensusAU, the locality of Lockhart River had a population of 724 people with 629 (86.8%) identifying as Indigenous.[26]
In the Template:CensusAU, the locality of Lockhart River had a population of 640 people with 502 (78.4%) identifying as Indigenous.[1]
Education
Lockhart State School is a government primary and secondary (Early Childhood-12) school for boys and girls at Puchewoo Street (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".).[27][28] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 97 students with 14 teachers and 1 non-teaching staff.[29] It includes a special education programme.[27]
Amenities
The Lockhart River Aboriginal Shire Council operates an Indigenous Knowledge Centre, which includes a library, on Poucheewee Street.[30][31]
St James' Anglican Church is in Liway Street (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".).[16]
There is a boat ramp into the Claudie River approx Script error: No such module "convert". south of the Lockhart River town (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".). It is managed by the Lockhart River Aboriginal Shire Council.[32]
Facilities
Lockhart River Airport (also known as Iron Range Airport) is on Lockhart River Road, Script error: No such module "convert". west of the town (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".).[33] It has a Script error: No such module "convert". sealed all-weather runway with pilot-activated lights for 24 hour use. It provides access to the town during the wet season when roads are often closed due to flood water.[34]
The port at Quintell Beach has a barge facility from the beach into the Coral Sea Script error: No such module "convert". SSE of the town (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".).[35] It serves the Lockhart River community and nearby pastoral stations. It is operated by Ports North.[36]
Lockhart River Police Station is in Piiramo Street (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".).[37][38]
Lockhart River Primary Health Care Centre is at 2 Paytham Street (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".).[39][40]
Notable people
- Rosella Namok, artist
See also
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References
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- ↑ a b c Template:Census 2021 AUS
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- ↑ Template:Queensland Globe
- ↑ Template:Cite QPN
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- ↑ Template:Cite QldSchool
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- ↑ State Library Qld. Template:Webarchive URL accessed 2006-05-07
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ ATSB accident summary
- ↑ Template:Cite QPN
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- ↑ Template:Census 2011 AUS
- ↑ Template:Census 2016 AUS
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Further reading
- Bora is like Church. (1982). David Thompson. Revised and Reset edition, 1985. Australian Board of Missions, Sydney, N.S.W.
- Thompson, D. (1995) 'Bora Belonga White Man' Missionaries and Aborigines at Lockhart River Mission, Unpublished MA thesis, University of Queensland. (Pdf available from the author)
External links
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- University of Queensland: Queensland Places: Lockhart River
- State of Queensland's Department of Communities webpage "Lockhart River", Accessed 1 August 2009
Template:Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River Template:Shire of Cook