Lithocholic acid
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Lithocholic acid, also known as 3α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid or LCA, is a bile acid that acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption. Bacterial action in the colon produces LCA from chenodeoxycholic acid by reduction of the hydroxyl functional group at carbon-7 in the "B" ring of the steroid framework.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
It has been implicated in human and experimental animal carcinogenesis.[2][3] Preliminary in vitro research suggests that LCA selectively kills neuroblastoma cells, while sparing normal neuronal cells and is cytotoxic to numerous other malignant cell types at physiologically relevant concentrations.[4]
Dietary fiber can bind to lithocholic acid and aid in its excretion in stool;[5] as such, fiber can protect against colon cancer.
LCA (and LCA acetate and LCA propionate) can activate the vitamin D receptor without raising calcium levels as much as vitamin D itself.[6]
LCA binds with 20 μM affinity to the human membrane enzyme NAPE-PLD, enhancing dimer assembly and enabling catalysis. NAPE-PLD catalyzes the release of anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines (NAE) from the membrane precursor N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). NAPE-PLD facilitates crosstalk between bile acid signals and lipid amide signals.[7][8][9]
LCA has been reported to have anti-aging effects in yeast,[10][11][12] and more recently fruit flies, nematodes, and mice.[13][14]
References
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- ↑ Lithocholic acid at Sigma-Aldrich
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- ↑ Zeng H, Umar S, Rust B, Lazarova D, Bordonaro M. Secondary Bile Acids and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon: A Focus on Colonic Microbiome, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 11;20(5):1214. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers". Template:Catalog lookup link
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- ↑ Ledford, Heidi, "Why eating less slows ageing: this molecule is key", Nature, December 18, 2024
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