Kurdish population

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Template:Short description Template:Pp Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Script error: No such module "Sidebar". The Kurdish population is estimated to be between 30 and 45 million.[3][4] Most Kurdish people live in Kurdistan, which today is split between Iranian Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkish Kurdistan, and Syrian Kurdistan.[5]

Kurdistan

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". The bulk of Kurdish groups in Kurdistan are Sunni (mostly of the Shafi'i school), but there are significant minorities adhering to Shia Islam (especially Alevis), Yazidism, Yarsanism, Christianity and Judaism.[6][7][8]

Turkey

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File:Ji Qinzêrîb Zarokek.JPG
Kurdish girl in Mardin Province

According to a report by Turkish agency KONDA, in 2006, out of the total population of 73 million people in Turkey there were 11.4 million Kurds and Zazas living in Turkey (close to 15.68% of the total population).[9] The Turkish newspaper Milliyet reported in 2008 that the Kurdish population in Turkey is 12.6 million; although this also includes 3 million Zazas.[10] According to the World Factbook, Kurdish people make up 18% of Turkey's population (about 14 million, out of 77.8 million people).[11] Kurdish sources put the figure at 10[12] to 15 million Kurds in Turkey.[13]

Kurds mostly live in Northern Kurdistan, in Southeastern and Eastern Anatolia. But large Kurdish populations can be found in western Turkey due to internal migration. According to Rüstem Erkan, Istanbul is the province with the largest Kurdish population in Turkey.[14]

Iran

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File:Nowruz 2017 in Bisaran, Kurdistan province.jpg
Kurdish family in Bisaran, Iran

From the 7 million Iranian Kurds, majority who are Sunni.[15] Shia Kurds inhabit Kermanshah Province, except for those parts where people are Jaff, and Ilam Province Province; as well as some parts of Kurdistan, Hamadan and Zanjan provinces. The Kurds of Khorasan Province in northeastern Iran are also adherents of Shia Islam. During the Shia revolution in Iran the major Kurdish political parties were unsuccessful in absorbing Shia Kurds, who at that period had no interest in autonomy.[16][17][18] However, since the 1990s Kurdish nationalism has seeped into the Shia Kurdish area partly due to outrage against government's violent suppression of Kurds farther north.[19]

Iraq

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File:Pilgrims and festival at Lalish on the day of the Ezidi New Year in 2017 10.jpg
Yazidi pilgrimage to Lalish temple in Iraqi Kurdistan

Kurds constitute approximately 17% of Iraq's population. They are the majority in at least three provinces in northern Iraq which are together known as Iraqi Kurdistan. Kurds also have a presence in Kirkuk, Mosul, Khanaqin, and Baghdad. Around 300,000 Kurds live in the Iraqi capital Baghdad, 50,000 in the city of Mosul and around 100,000 elsewhere in southern Iraq.[20]Template:Better source needed

Kurds led by Mustafa Barzani were engaged in heavy fighting against successive Iraqi regimes from 1960 to 1975. In March 1970, Iraq announced a peace plan providing for Kurdish autonomy. The plan was to be implemented in four years.[21] However, at the same time, the Iraqi regime started an Arabization program in the oil-rich regions of Kirkuk and Khanaqin.[22] The peace agreement did not last long, and in 1974, the Iraqi government began a new offensive against the Kurds. Moreover, in March 1975, Iraq and Iran signed the Algiers Accord, according to which Iran cut supplies to Iraqi Kurds. Iraq started another wave of Arabization by moving Arabs to the oil fields in Kurdistan, particularly those around Kirkuk.[23] Between 1975 and 1978, 200,000 Kurds were deported to other parts of Iraq.[24]

Syria

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Kurds are the largest ethnic minority in Syria and make up nine percent of the country's population.[25] Syrian Kurds have faced routine discrimination and harassment by the government.[26][27]

Syrian Kurdistan is an unofficial name used by some to describe the Kurdish inhabited regions of northern and northeastern Syria.[28] The northeastern Kurdish inhabited region covers the greater part of Hasakah Governorate. The main cities in this region are Qamishli and Hasakah. Another region with significant Kurdish population is Kobanê (Ayn al-Arab) in the northern part of Syria near the town of Jarabulus and also the city of Afrin and its surroundings along the Turkish border.

Many Kurds seek political autonomy for the Kurdish inhabited areas of Syria, similar to Iraqi Kurdistan in Iraq, or outright independence as part of Kurdistan. The name "Western Kurdistan" (Kurdish: Rojavayê Kurdistanê) is also used by Kurds to name the Syrian Kurdish inhabited areas in relation to Kurdistan.[29][30][31] Since the Syrian civil war, Syrian government forces have abandoned many Kurdish-populated areas, leaving the Kurds to fill the power vacuum and govern these areas autonomously.[32]

Transcaucasus

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Armenia

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". According to the 2011 Armenian Census, 37,470 Kurds live in Armenia.[33] They mainly live in the western parts of Armenia. The Kurds of the former Soviet Union first began writing Kurdish in the Armenian alphabet in the 1920s, followed by Latin in 1927, then Cyrillic in 1945, and now in both Cyrillic and Latin. The Kurds in Armenia established a Kurdish radio broadcast from Yerevan and the first Kurdish newspaper Riya Teze. There is a Kurdish Department in the Yerevan State Institute of Oriental studies. The Kurds of Armenia were the first exiled country to have access to media such as radio, education and press in their native tongue[34] but many Kurds, from 1939 to 1959 were listed as the Azeri population or even as Armenians.[35]

Georgia

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According to the 2002 Georgian Census, 20,843 Kurds live in Georgia[36] The Kurds in Georgia mainly live in the capital of Tbilisi and Rustavi.[37] According to a United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees report from 1998, about 80% of the Kurdish population in Georgia are assimilated Kurds.[37]

Diaspora

There were also many Kurds among the Kurdish diaspora and in Red Kurdistan.[38][39]

Russia

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". According to the 2010 Russian Census, 63,818 Kurds live in Russia. Russia has maintained warm relations with the Kurds for a long time, During the early 19th century, the main goal of the Russian Empire was to ensure the neutrality of the Kurds, in the wars against Persia and the Ottoman Empire.[40] In the beginning of the 19th century, Kurds settled in Transcaucasia, at a time when Transcaucasia was incorporated into the Russian Empire. In the 20th century, Kurds were persecuted and exterminated by the Turks and Persians, a situation that led Kurds to move to Russia.[38]

Lebanon

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The existence of a community of at least 125,000 Kurds[41] is the product of several waves of immigrants, the first major wave was in the period of 1925–1950 when thousands of Kurds fled violence and poverty in Turkey.[42] Kurds in Lebanon go back far as the twelfth century A.D. when the Ayyubids arrived there. Over the next few centuries, several other Kurdish families were sent to Lebanon by a number of powers to maintain rule in those regions, others moved as a result of poverty and violence in Kurdistan. These Kurdish groups settled in and ruled many areas of Lebanon for a long period of time.[43]Template:Rp Kurds of Lebanon settled in Lebanon because of Lebanon's pluralistic society.[44]

European Union

File:Wien - Kobane-Demo 2014-10-10 - V.jpg
Kurdish demonstration against ISIS, Vienna, Austria, 10 October 2014
File:Kurdish demonstration at Schuman, Brussels, 25 October 2017.jpg
Demonstration in support of the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan at Schuman, Brussels, 25 October 2017
File:UngKurd demonstrasjon mot IS .jpg
Kurdish demonstration against ISIS in Norway, 12 May 2016

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The Kurdish diaspora in the European Union is most significant in Germany, France, Sweden, Belgium and the Netherlands. Kurds from Turkey went to Germany and France during the 1960s as immigrant workers. Thousands of Kurdish refugees and political refugees fled from Turkey to Sweden during the 1970s and onward, and from Iraq during the 1980s and 1990s.

In France, the Iranian Kurds make up the majority of the community.[45] However, thousands of Iraqi Kurds also arrived in the mid-1990s.[46] More recently, Syrian Kurds have been entering France illegally[47]

In the United Kingdom, Kurds first began to immigrate between 1974 and 1975 when the rebellion of Iraqi Kurds against the Iraqi government was repressed. The Iraqi government began to destroy Kurdish villages and forced many Kurds to move to barren land in the south.[48] These events resulted in many Kurds fleeing to the United Kingdom. Thus, the Iraqi Kurds make up a large part of the community.[45] In 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini came to power in Iran and installed Islamic law. There was widespread political oppression and persecution of the Kurdish community. Since the late 1970s the number of people from Iran seeking asylum in Britain has remained high.[48] In 1988, Saddam Hussein launched the Anfal campaign in the northern Iraq. This included mass executions and disappearances of the Kurdish community. The use of chemical weapons against thousands of towns and villages in the region, as well as the town of Halabja increased the number of Iraq Kurds entering the United Kingdom.[48] A large number of Kurds also came to the United Kingdom following the 1980 military coup in Turkey.[48] More recently, immigration has been due to the continued political oppression and the repression of ethnic and religious minorities in Iraq and Iran.[48] Estimates of the Kurdish population in the United Kingdom are as high as 200–250,000.[48]

In Denmark, there is a significant number of Iraqi political refugees, many of which are Kurds.[49]

In Finland, most Kurds arrived in the 1990s as Iraqi refugees.[50] Kurds in Finland have no great attachment to the Iraqi state because of their position as a persecuted minority. Thus, they feel more accepted and comfortable in Finland, many wanting to get rid of their Iraqi citizenship.[51]

From 1994 to 1999, 43,759 Kurds entered Greece illegally and of the 9,797 who applied for asylum 524 were granted it.[52]

North America

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In the United States, estimates of the Kurdish population vary from 15,000[53] to 20,000[54] to 58,000.[55] During the 1991 Persian Gulf War, about 10,000 Iraqi refugees were admitted to the United States, most of which were Kurds and Shiites who had assisted or were sympathisers of the U.S. –led war.[56] Nashville, Tennessee has the nation's largest population of Kurdish people, with an estimated 8,000–11,000. There are also Kurds in Southern California, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Dallas, Texas.[57]

In Canada, the Kurdish community is 11,685[58] based on the Canadian Census 2011, among which the Iraqi Kurds make up the largest group of Kurds in Canada, exceeding the numbers of Kurds from Turkey, Iran and Syria. Kurdish immigration was largely the result of the Iran–Iraq War, the Gulf War and Syrian Civil War. Thus, many Iraqi Kurds immigrated to Canada due to the constant wars and suppression of Kurds and Shiites by the Iraqi government.[59]

Oceania

In Australia, Kurdish migrants first arrived in the second half of the 1960s, mainly from Turkey.[60] However, in the late 1970s families from Syria and Lebanon were also present in Australia.[60] Since the second half of the 1980s, the majority of Kurds arriving in Australia have been from Iraq and Iran; many of them were accepted under the Humanitarian Programme.[60] However, Kurds from Lebanon, Armenia and Georgia have also migrated to Australia. The majority live in Melbourne and Sydney.[60]

Japan

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The Japanese government has not granted refugee status. While 3,415 Kurds have so far applied for refugee status, none has yet received it.[61]

Statistics by country

File:European countries with official Kurdish population.svg
European countries which have official statistics on their Kurdish population.
Dark green: Ethnicity statistics
Cyan: First language statistics
Light green: Other official measures

Autochthonous community

Country Official figures or estimates Official figures in % Further information
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Template:Nts (1993 MRGI estimate)[62]
Template:Nts (2017 CFR estimate)[1]		 Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in Turkey
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Template:Nts (1993 MRGI estimate)[62]
Template:Nts (2017 CFR estimate)[1]		 Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in Iran
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Template:Nts (1993 MRGI estimate)[62]
Template:Nts (2015 EPRS estimate)[63]		 Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in Iraq
File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Template:Nts (1993 MRGI estimate)[62]
Template:Nts (2011 MRGI estimate)[64]		 Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in Syria

Transcaucasus

Country Official figures Official figures in % Further information
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Template:Nts (1989 census)[65]
Template:Nts (2011 census)d
32,742 (2021 census)[66] 		Template:Pct
Template:Pct
Template:Pct 		Kurds in Armenia
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Template:Nts (1926 census)[75]
Template:Nts (2009 census)b		 Template:Pct
Template:Pct		 Kurds in Azerbaijan
Template:Country data Georgia Template:Nts (1989 census)[77]
Template:Nts (2002 census)[36]
Template:Nts (2014 census)[78][79]		 Template:Pct
Template:Pct
Template:Pct		 Kurds in Georgia
Template:Country data Artsakh Template:Nts (2015 census, ethnicity)[81]
Template:Nts (2015 census, mother tongue)[81]		 Template:Pct
File:Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg Abkhazia Template:Nts (1989 census)[82] Template:Pct
File:Flag of South Ossetia.svg South Ossetia Template:Nts (1989 census)[83]
Template:Nts (2015 census)[84]		 Template:Pct
Template:Pct

Europe

Country Official figures or estimates Official figures in % Further information
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:Nts (1993 KIP estimate)[85]
Template:Nts (2016 KIP estimate)[2]
1,200,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in Germany
File:Flag of France.svg France Template:Nts (1993 KIP estimate)[87][85]
Template:Nts (2016 KIP estimate)[2]
320,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in France
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:Nts (1993 KIP estimate)[85]
Template:Nts (2016 KIP estimate)[2]
120,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in the Netherlands
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Template:Nts (1993 KIP estimate)[85]
Template:Nts (2016 KIP estimate)[2]
120,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in Sweden
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:Nts (2021 census)[88] Template:Pct Kurds in Russia
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:Nts (1993 KIP estimate)[85]
Template:Nts (2016 KIP estimate)[2]
85,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Template:Nts (2001 census, Kurdish speakers)[89]
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:Nts (1993 KIP estimate)[85]
Template:Nts (2016 KIP estimate)[2]
90,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in Belgium
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:Nts[90][91] (2021 census, excludes Scotland)
Template:Nts[92][91] (2021 census, Kurdish speakers, excludes Scotland)		 Template:Pct Kurds in the United Kingdom
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:Nts (1993 KIP estimate)[85]
Template:Nts (2016 KIP estimate)[2]
40,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in Greece
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:Nts (1993 KIP estimate)[85]
Template:Nts (2016 KIP estimate)[2]
30,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Template:Nts (2013 official estimate, Kurdish speakers)[93]
Kurds in Norway
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:Nts (1993 KIP estimate)[85]
Template:Nts (2016 KIP estimate)[2]
25,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in Denmark
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:Nts (2016 KIP estimate)[2]
25,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — –
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:Nts (2012 statistics, Kurdish speakers)[94]
Template:Nts (2015 statistics, Kurdish speakers)[95]
90,000 (2023 KIP estimate)[86] 		Template:Pct
Template:Pct		 Kurds in Switzerland
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:Nts (2003 annual statistics, Kurdish speakers)[96]
Template:Nts (2003 annual statistics, Kurdish speakers)[96]		 Template:Pct
Template:Pct		 Kurds in Finland
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:Nts (2006 estimate)[97] Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Kurds in Romania
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine
 Template:Nts (2001 census)[98]
Template:Nts (2014 Crimean census)[99]		 Template:Pct Kurds in Ukraine
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:Nts (2006 estimate)[100] Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:Nts (2012 estimate)[101] Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:Nts (2016 census, Kurdish speakers)[102] Template:Pct
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Template:Nts (2021 statistics, Kurdish speakers)[104]
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:Nts (2011 census)[105] Template:Pct —
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:Nts (2001 census)
Template:Nts (2011 census)		 Template:Pct —
File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Template:Nts (2017 statistics)[106] Template:Pct —
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:Nts (2009 census)[107] Template:Pct —
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Template:Nts (2023 statistics)[108] Template:Pct —
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:Nts (1992 census)[109]
Template:Nts (2001 census)[109]
Template:Nts (2011 census)[109]		 Template:Pct —
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Template:Nts (2021 census)[110] Template:Pct —
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Nts (2013 census)[111] Template:Pct —
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Nts (2011 census)[112]
Template:Nts (2021 census)[113] 		Template:Pct —
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia <Template:Nts (2011 census)[114] Template:Pct —
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:Nts (2001 census)[115]
Template:Nts (2010 asylum seekers by ethnicity)[116]
Template:Nts (2011 asylum seekers by ethnicity)[117]
Template:Nts (2012 asylum seekers by ethnicity)[118]
Template:Nts (2013 asylum seekers by ethnicity)[119]		 0% —
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Template:Nts (2011 census)[120][121] Template:Pct —

Middle East

Country Est. population Further information
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon approx. Template:Nts (2017 estimate)[41] Kurds in Lebanon
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel approx. Template:Nts (Jews from Kurdistan)[122] Kurds in Israel
File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain approx. Template:Nts[123] —
File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan approx. Template:Nts (2012 estimate)[124] Kurds in Jordan
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait approx. Template:Nts (1991 estimate)[125] —

Asia

Country Official figures Official figures in % Est. population Further information
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Template:Nts (2022 annual statistics)[126] Template:Pct — Kurds in Kazakhstan
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Template:Nts (2009 census)[127][128] Template:Pct —
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Template:Nts (1989 census)[133]
Template:Nts (1995 census)[134]		 Template:Pct — Kurds in Turkmenistan
File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — approx. Template:Nts[135] —
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Template:Nts (1989 census)[133] Template:Pct — —
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — approx. Template:Nts[136] —
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — approx. Template:Nts[137] Kurds in Japan
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — Template:Nts data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — approx. Template:Nts[138] Kurds in Pakistan
File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Template:Nts (2010 census)[139] Template:Pct — —

Americas and Oceania

Country Official figures Official figures in % Further information
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Template:Nts (2016–2021 ACS)[140] Template:Pct Kurds in the United States
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:Nts (2021 census)[141]
Template:Nts (2021 census, Kurdish speakers)[142]		 Template:Pct Kurds in Canada
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Nts (2021 census)[143]
Template:Nts (2021 census, Kurdish speakers)[144]		 Template:Pct
Template:Pct
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:Nts (2018 census)[145] Template:Pct
Notes
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^b Official Azerbaijani records claim only 6,065 Kurds in 2009,[76][146] while Kurdish leaders estimate as much as 200,000. The problem is that the historical record of the Kurds in Azerbaijan is filled with lacunae.[147] For instance, in 1979 there was according to the census no Kurds recorded.[148] Not only did Turkey and Azerbaijan pursue an identical policy against the Kurds, they even employed identical techniques like forced assimilation, manipulation of population figures, settlement of non-Kurds in areas predominantly Kurdish, suppression of publications and abolition of Kurdish as a medium of instruction in schools.[148]
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^c In the 2010 Russian Census, 23,232 people indicated Kurdish (Курды) as their ethnicity, while 40,586 chose Yazidi (Езиды) as their ethnicity.[149]
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^d In the 2011 Armenian Census, 2,131 people indicated Kurdish (Քրդեր) as their ethnicity, while 35,272 indicated Yazidi (Եզդիներ) as their ethnicity.[33]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ The Kurdish Population by the Kurdish Institute of Paris, 2017 estimate. The Kurdish population is estimated at 15–20 million in Turkey, 10–12 million in Iran, 8–8.5 million in Iraq, 3–3.6 million in Syria, 1.2–1.5 million in the European diaspora, and 400k–500k in the former USSR—for a total of 36.4 million to 45.6 million globally.
  4. ↑ Based on arithmetic from World Factbook and other sources cited herein: A Near Eastern population of 28–30 million, plus approximately a 2 million diaspora gives 30–32 million. If the highest (25%) estimate for the Kurdish population of Turkey, in Mackey (2002), proves correct, this would raise the total to around 37 million.
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Kurdish PKK chief Murat Karayilan says will spread to Turkish cities if we were attacked by Turkey
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ "En Büyük Şehri, İstanbul" Template:Webarchive, Time Türk, March 25, 2010.
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ G.S. Harris, Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, pp. 118–120, 1977
  22. ↑ Introduction. Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (Human Rights Watch Report, 1993).
  23. ↑ G.S. Harris, Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, p.121, 1977
  24. ↑ M. Farouk-Sluglett, P. Sluglett, J. Stork, Not Quite Armageddon: Impact of the War on Iraq, MERIP Reports, July–September 1984, p.24
  25. ↑ Background Note: Syria U.S. Department of State
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Ian Black. Syrian human rights record unchanged under Assad, report says, The Guardian, 16 July 2010.
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook – P. 117. by Ronald Wixman
  35. ↑ Mannerheim: Marshal of Finland – P. 210. by Alexandre Bennigsen, Stig Jägerskiöld, S. Enders Wimbush
  36. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Ismet Chériff Vanly, “The Kurds in the Soviet Union”, in: Philip G. Kreyenbroek & S. Sperl (eds.), The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview (London: Routledge, 1992), p. 164: Table based on 1990 estimates: Azerbaijan (180,000), Armenia (50,000), Georgia (40,000), Kazakhstan (30,000), Kyrgyzstan (20,000), Uzbekistan (10,000), Tajikistan (3,000), Turkmenistan (50,000), Siberia (35,000), Krasnodar (20,000), Other (12,000) (total 410,000).
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ A Modern History of the Kurds – Page 485 by David MacDowall
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Lebanon a Country Study – Page 83 by Federal Research Division
  45. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ The Kurdish Diaspora
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  60. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Footnotes"..
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ a b c d Template:Cite CiteSeerX
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Template:In lang The All-Union Population Census of 1989 Template:Webarchive. Demoscope.ru
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Template:Cite Kyrgyzstan census 2009
  130. ↑ Template:Cite Kyrgyzstan census 2009
  131. ↑ Template:Cite Kyrgyzstan census 2009
  132. ↑ Template:Cite Kyrgyzstan census 2009
  133. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ "For more than four hundred years, the small Kurd community in Afghanistan has been far removed from its traditional homeland in northwestern Iran. During Persian rule in the 1500s, these Kurd were moved to their present location to serve as border guards against Turk and Mongol invaders. They have been there ever since. " Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires, James Stuart Olson, Lee Brigance Pappas, Nicholas Charles Pappas, Greenwood Publishing Group, (1994), Template:ISBN, p.409
  148. ↑ a b The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview, Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl, Routledge, Template:ISBN, (1992), p.204
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Bibliography

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Baser, Bahar.“Kurdish Diaspora Political Activism in Europe with a Particular Focus on Great Britain.”, Diaspora Dialogues for Development and Peace Project, Berlin: Berghof Peace Support, June 2011.
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..

Template:Kurdish diaspora

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