List of popes

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File:Seznam papežů pochovaných v Bazilice sv. Petra (červen 2024).jpg
Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St. Peter's Basilica (their names in Latin and the year of their burial)

This chronological list of the popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Script error: No such module "Lang". under the heading "Script error: No such module "Lang"." (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Script error: No such module "Lang". no longer identifies popes by regnal number, stating that it is impossible to decide which pope represented the legitimate succession at various times.[1] The 2001 edition of the Script error: No such module "Lang". introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.[2]

The term pope (Template:Langx) is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic pope). This title is usually used in English to refer to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., and Script error: No such module "Lang".. Each title has been added by unique historical events, and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.[3]

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Christopher was considered a legitimate pope for a long time but was removed due to how he obtained the papacy. Pope-elect Stephen was listed as Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was removed. The decisions of the Council of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of the Western Schism, extending Gregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimants Alexander V and John XXIII as antipopes.

A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as martyrs.

Chronological list of popes

1st millennium

1st century

The chronology of the early popes is heavily disputed. The first ancient lists of popes were not written until the late 2nd century, after the monarchical episcopate had already developed in Rome. These first lists combined contradictory traditions, and even the succession of the first popes is disputed. The first certain dates are AD 222 and 235, the elections of Urban I and Anterus. The years given for the first 30 popes follow the work of Richard Adelbert Lipsius, which often show a 3-year difference with the traditional dates given by Eusebius of Caesarea.[4] These are also the dates used by the Catholic Encyclopedia.[5]

Template:Pope list begin portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list end

2nd century

Template:Pope list begin portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 198/9 –
c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 199/200
(1 year)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Natalius
NATALIVSScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | style="font-size:85%"| Roma, Italia, Roman EmpireTemplate:Refn | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. In opposition to Zephyrinus. Later reconciled. Template:Pope list end

3rd century

Template:Pope list begin portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 217 – 235
(18 years)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | St Hippolytus
HIPPOLYTVSScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | style="font-size:85%"| c. 170 | style="font-size:85%"| 47 / 65 | style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I, and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below). Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | March 251 – 258
(7 years)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Novatian
NOVATIANVSScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | style="font-size:85%"| c. 200–220 Roma, Italia, Roman EmpireTemplate:Refn | style="font-size:85%"| 31–51 / 38–58 | style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. Founder of Novatianism. In opposition to Cornelius, Lucius I, Stephen I, and Sixtus II. Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list end

4th century

Template:Pope list begin portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 355 –
22 November 365
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Felix II
FELIX SecundusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | style="font-size:85%"| c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire | style="font-size:85%"| 55 / 65 | style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Liberius. Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II. Template:Pope list item portraitless |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 1 October 366 –
16 November 367
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Ursinus
VRSINVSScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Damasus I. Banished to Gallia by Emperor Valentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384. Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list end

5th century

Template:Pope list begin portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 27 December 418 –
3 April 419
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Eulalius
EVLALIVSScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Boniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of Emperor Honorius but lost it quickly. Exiled to Campania and died in 423. Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 22 November 498 –
Aug 506/8
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Laurentius
LAVRENTIVSScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. In opposition to Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favour of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08. Template:Pope list end

6th century

Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 22 September 530 –
14 October 530
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Dioscorus
DIOSCORVSScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Dioscorus | style="font-size:85%"| Alexandria, Aegyptus, Eastern Roman Empire | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| (Eastern) Roman citizen of Greek descent. In opposition to Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by Constantinople, died less than a month after his election. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end

7th century

Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end

8th century

Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 23 March 752 –
26 March 752
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
(Never took office as pope)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Stephen (II)
STEPHANVS (Secundus)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Stephanus | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the 16th century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end

9th century

Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end

10th century

Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | October 903 –
January 904
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Christopher
CHRISTOFORVSScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Christoforus | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Leo V. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 6 December 963 –
26 February 964
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Leo VIII
LEO OctavusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Leo | style="font-size:85%"| c. 915 Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 48 / 49 (†50) | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto I in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | July 974 –
July 974
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Boniface VII
BONIFATIVS SeptimusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Francone Ferucci | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to Benedict VI and Benedict VII. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 20 August 984 –
20 July 985
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Boniface VII
BONIFATIVS SeptimusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Francone Ferucci | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XIV and John XV. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | April 997 –
February 998
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | John XVI
IOANNES Sextus DecimusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Iōánnēs Philágathos, O.S.B. | style="font-size:85%"| c. 945 Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire | style="font-size:85%"| 52 / 53 (†56) | style="font-size:85%"| (Eastern) Roman citizen. In opposition to Gregory V. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end

2nd millennium

11th century

Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 12 June 1012 –
31 December 1012
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Gregory VI
GREGORIVS SextusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Gregorio | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Benedict VIII. Expelled from Rome and deposed. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 4 April 1058 –
24 January 1059
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Benedict X
BENEDICTVS DecimusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Nicholas II. Captured and deposed. Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 30 September 1061 –
1072
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Honorius II
HONORIVS SecundusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Pietro Cadalo | style="font-size:85%"| 1010 Verona, March of Verona | style="font-size:85%"| 61 / 72 | style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the March of Verona. In opposition to Alexander II. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 25 June 1080 –
8 September 1100
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | File:Clemente III, antipapa (cropped).jpg | Clement III
CLEMENS TertiusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Guibert of Ravenna | style="font-size:85%"| 1029 Ravenna, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 51 / 71 | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, and Paschal II. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 8 September 1100 –
January 1101
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Theodoric
THEODORICVSScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Teodorico | style="font-size:85%"| c. 1030 Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 70 / 71 | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Captured and sent to a monastery. Template:Pope list end

12th century

Template:Pope list begin |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | January 1101 –
February 1102
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Adalbert
ADALBERTVSScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Adalberto, O.S.B. | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Captured and imprisoned. |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 8 November 1105 –
11 April 1111
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Sylvester IV
SILVESTER QuartusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Maguinulf | style="font-size:85%"| 1050 Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 49 / 55 (†56) | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of German ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Forced to abdicate. Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 10 March 1118 –
20 April 1121
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Gregory VIII
GREGORIVS OctavusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Maurice Baurdain | style="font-size:85%"| c. 1060 Limousin, Occitania, Kingdom of France | style="font-size:85%"| 58 / 61 (†77) | style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition to Gelasius II and Callixtus II. Captured and imprisoned. Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 16 December 1124 –
17 December 1124
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Celestine II
COELESTINVS SecundusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Teobaldo Boccapeci | style="font-size:85%"| 1050 Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 74 / 74 (†76) | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Honorius II. Abdicated one day after his election. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 14 February 1130 –
25 January 1138
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Anacletus II
ANACLETVS SecundusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Pietro Pierleoni, O.S.B. | style="font-size:85%"| 1090 Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 40 / 48 | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II. |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 15 March 1138 –
29 May 1138
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Victor IV
VICTOR QuartusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Gregorio Conti | style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 7 September 1159 –
20 April 1164
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Victor IV
VICTOR QuartusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli | style="font-size:85%"| 1095 Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 64 / 69 | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 28 April 1164 –
22 September 1168
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Paschal III
PASCHALIS TertiusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Guido di Crema | style="font-size:85%"| 1110 Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 54 / 58 | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 30 September 1168 –
29 August 1178
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Callixtus III
CALLIXTVS TertiusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Giovanni di Struma, O.S.B. | style="font-size:85%"| 1090 Rome, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 78 / 88 | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 29 September 1179 –
January 1180
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Innocent III
INNOCENTIVS TertiusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Lando (or Lanzo) di Sezze | style="font-size:85%"| 1120 Sezze, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 59 / 60 (†63) | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. Captured and imprisoned in 1180. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end

13th century

Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end

14th century

Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 12 May 1328 –
25 July 1330
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | File:Antiope Nicholas V.jpg | Nicholas V
NICOLAVS QuintusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Pietro Rainalducci, O.F.M. | style="font-size:85%"| 1260 Corvaro, Papal States | style="font-size:85%"| 68 / 70 (†73) | style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XXII. Excommunicated and submitted to John XXII. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;" | —
File:C o a Clemente VII (antipapa).svg | 20 September 1378 –
16 September 1394
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | File:GiacMaster Pope Clement VII.jpg | Clement VII
CLEMENS SeptimusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Robert de Genève | style="font-size:85%"| 1342 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy | style="font-size:85%"| 36 / 52 | style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the County of Savoy. Western Schism. In opposition to Urban VI and Boniface IX. Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;" | —
File:C o a Benedictus XIII (antipapa).svg | 28 September 1394 –
23 May 1423
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | File:Portrait du Antipape Benoît XIII par Joan Reixach XV.jpg | Benedict XIII
BENEDICTVS Tertius DecimusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor | style="font-size:85%"| 25 November 1328 Illueca, Kingdom of Aragon | style="font-size:85%"| 66 / 94 | style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Boniface IX, Innocent VII, Gregory XII, Martin V, and the Pisan Antipopes Alexander V and John XXIII. Excommunicated on 27 July 1417. Template:Pope list end

15th century

Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| —
File:C o a Alexander V (antipapa).svg | 30 June 1409 –
3 May 1410
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | File:Nuremberg Chronicle f 235v 3 Alexander V.jpg | Alexander V
ALEXANDER QuintusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Pétros Philárgēs,
O.F.M. | style="font-size:85%"| 1339 Neapoli, Candia, Republic of Venice | style="font-size:85%"| 70 / 71 | style="font-size:85%"| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Was of Greek ethnicity. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is still numbered as such to this day. |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| —
File:C o a Johannes XXIII (antipapa).svg | 25 May 1410 –
29 May 1415
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | File:Johannes XXIII. Gegenpapst 2.jpg | John XXIII
IOANNES Vicesimus TertiusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Baldassarre Cossa | style="font-size:85%"| 1365 Procida, Kingdom of Naples | style="font-size:85%"| 45 / 50 (†54) | style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Convened the Council of Constance (1414). Deposed. Became the dean of the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958. Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| —
File:C o a Clemente VIII (antipapa).svg | 10 June 1423 –
26 July 1429
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | File:Palma Antipapa Clemens VIII.JPG | Clement VIII
CLEMENS OctavusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón | style="font-size:85%"| 1369 Teruel, Kingdom of Aragon | style="font-size:85%"| 54 / 60 (†77) | style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Martin V. Later submitted to Martin V. |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 1424 – 1429
(5 years)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Benedict XIV
BENEDICTVS Quartus DecimusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Bernard Garnier | style="font-size:85%"| Kingdom of France | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.[6] |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| — | 1430 – 1437
(7 years)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | | Benedict XIV
BENEDICTVS Quartus DecimusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Jean Carrier | style="font-size:85%"| Kingdom of France | style="font-size:85%"| | style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.[7] Template:Pope list item |-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" | style="text-align:center;"| —
File:C o a Felix V (antipapa).svg | 5 November 1439 –
7 April 1449
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | File:Portrait of Antipope Felix V.jpg | Felix V
FELIX QuintusScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Amédée de Savoie | style="font-size:85%"| 4 September 1383 Chambéry, County of Savoy | style="font-size:85%"| 56 / 65 (†67) | style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the County of Savoy. In opposition to Eugene IV and Nicholas V. Later submitted to Nicholas V. Also ruled as count and then duke of Savoy.[8] Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end

16th century

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17th century

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18th century

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19th century

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20th century

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3rd millennium

21st century

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Religious orders

Fifty-one popes and six antipopes (in italics) have been members of religious orders, including 12 members of third orders. They are listed by order as follows:

Type # Family # Order # Popes
Canons Regular 6 Augustinian
Canons
(C.R.S.A.) 		5 Canons of the Lateran (C.R.L.) 2 Honorius II, Innocent II
Canons of San Frediano 1 Lucius II
Canons of Saint-Ruf 1 Adrian IV
Canons of San Giorgio in Alga 1 Eugene IV
Premonstratensians (O.Praem.) 1 Gregory VIII
Monastic Orders 25 Benedictine Orders 23 Benedictines (O.S.B.) 22 Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, John XVI, Sylvester II, Sergius IV, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Adalbert, Gelasius II, Anacletus II, Callixtus III, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII
Benedictine Camaldolese (O.S.B.Cam.) 1 Gregory XVI
Cistercians (O.Cist.) 2 Eugene III, Benedict XII
Mendicant Orders 24 Augustinians (O.S.A.) 1 Leo XIV
Dominican Orders 5 Dominicans (O.P.) 4 Innocent V, Benedict XI, Pius V, Benedict XIII
Dominican Tertiary (T.O.P.) 1 Benedict XV
Franciscan Orders 18 Friars Minor (O.F.M.) 5 Nicholas IV, Nicholas V, Alexander V, Sixtus IV, Julius II
Conventual Franciscans (O.F.M.Conv.) 2 Sixtus V, Clement XIV
Secular Franciscans (O.F.S.) 11 Gregory IX, Gregory X, Martin V, Innocent XII, Clement XII, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII
Clerics Regular 2 Jesuits (S.J.) 1 Francis
Theatines (C.R.) 1 Paul IV
Total 57 N/A 57 N/A

Numbering of popes

Regnal numbers follow the usual convention for European monarchs. Antipopes are treated as pretenders, and their numbers are reused by those considered to be legitimate popes. However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes.[9] (As a note, the first pope who chooses a unique name is not identified by an ordinal, only assuming a number after a second Pope takes that same name: like how Francis thus far is only referred to as "Francis", but when there is a second one, they will be (respectively) "Francis I" and "Francis II". John Paul I is conspicuous as the only exception: having personally chosen to be called "John Paul the First" from the very beginning of his pontificate; which is merely a footnote given his short reign and the fact that he was followed immediately by John Paul II.)

  • Alexander: Antipope Alexander V (1409–1410) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century,[10] when the Pisan popes were reclassified as antipopes. There had already been three more Alexanders by then, so there is now a gap in the numbering sequence.
  • Benedict: Antipope Benedict X (1058–1059) was kept in the numbering sequence.[11]
  • Boniface: Antipope Boniface VII (974 and 984–985) was kept in the numbering sequence.[11]
  • Donus: The name has only been used by one pope. The apocryphal Pope Donus II resulted from confusion between the Latin word dominus (lord) and the name Donus.
  • Felix: Antipope Felix II (356–357) was kept in the numbering sequence.[11]
  • John: The numbering of the Popes John is particularly confused. In the modern sequence, they are identified by the numbers they used during their reigns.
    • Antipope John XVI (997–998) was kept in the numbering sequence.[11]
    • Pope John XXI (1276–1277) chose to skip the number XX, believing that there had been another Pope John between XIV and XV. In reality, John XIV had been counted twice.[12]
    • By the 16th century, the numbering error had been conflated with legends about a female Pope Joan, whom some authors called John VIII. She was never listed in the Annuario Pontificio.[13]
    • Antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century.[10] After the Pisan popes were classified as antipopes, Pope John XXIII (1958–1963) chose to reuse the number, citing "twenty-two [sic] Johns of indisputable legitimacy".[14]
  • Martin: Pope Martin I (649–655) is followed by Martin IV (1281–1285). Due to the similarity between the Latin names Marinus and Martinus, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and III.[15]
  • Stephen: Pope-elect Stephen (752) died before being consecrated. He was previously known as Stephen II, but the Vatican removed him from the official list of popes in 1961.[12] The remaining Stephens are now numbered Pope Stephen II (752–757) to Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058).

See also

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Lists

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Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ Annuario Pontificio (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 Template:ISBN), p. 12
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ The List of Popes Template:Webarchive. The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1911. The exception is Saint Peter, who is given the traditional death date of AD 67.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Louis Duchesne, "Le nombre des papes", in: Miscellanea di storia ecclesiastica e studi ausiliare Template:Webarchive Vol. 2 (Roma: 1903–1904), pp. 3–7.
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c d Template:CathEncy
  12. ↑ a b Template:CathEncy
  13. ↑ Template:CathEncy
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Template:CathEncy

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Further reading

  • Catholicism, Henri de Lubac, Ignatius Press, 1988.
  • The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451, Adrian Fortescue, Ignatius Press, 2008.
  • Rome Sweet Home, Scott Hahn, Ignatius Press, 1993.
  • Enciclopedia dei Papi, AA.VV., Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.
  • The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, John N. D. Kelly, Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • Rome and the Eastern Churches, Aidan Nichols, Ignatius Press, 2010.
  • I Papi. Venti secoli di storia, Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.

External links

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