List of bridges to the Island of Montreal

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Template:Short description

Montreal is on a boomerang-shaped island surrounded by three major rivers. To the northwest, lies another eye-shaped island, which is the site of Laval. The northern ring contains those mainland areas past Laval. To the east, south, and southwest on the mainland, is the southern ring.
Bridges are required to connect Montreal to the mainland (gray).

Like most major cities, Montreal needs easy highway access from its suburbs and surrounding areas. However, because Montreal was built on an island surrounded by three rivers, it can be entered by land only on a bridge or through a tunnel. Although the city was founded in 1642,[1] it was not until 1847 that the first fixed link to the outside was established when a wooden bridge was built across Rivière des Prairies to Île Jésus, on the site of what is now Ahuntsic Bridge. Another bridge was built immediately afterward, a few kilometers west, which became Lachapelle Bridge, and another in 1849, Pont des Saints-Anges, to the east.[2] The latter bridge collapsed in the 1880s and was never rebuilt.[2]

With the advent of the railroad, Montreal got a fixed link to the mainland; in 1854 railroad bridges were built in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, across both channels of the Ottawa River, linking Montreal Island to Ontario and the Vaudreuil-Soulanges peninsula through Perrot Island.[3] In 1860, Montreal got its first link to the South Shore with the construction of Victoria Bridge, which was, at the time of its opening, the longest bridge in the world.[4] Indirect links to the North Shore also had to wait for railroad construction, but this took longer; the Canadian Pacific Railway opened its link to Saint-Jérôme in 1876, through Île Jésus.[2]

Crossings

This list of bridges and other fixed links serving the Island of Montreal proceeds counter-clockwise around the island from southwest, at the exit of Lake Saint-Louis, downstream along the St. Lawrence River, then upstream along Rivière des Prairies all the way to Lake of Two Mountains, then downstream again along the East Channel of the Ottawa River until it reaches Lake Saint-Louis. The year of construction is that of the structure currently in place, accompanied by the year of construction of the original structure if the current one replaced an older span.

Key: Communities linked by individual bridges
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  (M): Montreal-side municipality and borough
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  (I): Island(s) crossed, if any
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  (O): Opposite-side municipality and borough

Spanning the Saint Lawrence River and Saint Lawrence Seaway

The crossing of the Saint Lawrence River has always proved problematic for engineers due to width, depth, currents, and ice cover. The construction of Victoria Bridge for the Grand Trunk Railway, which, at Script error: No such module "convert"., was the longest bridge in the world when it first opened in 1860,[4] highlighted the problems presented by this natural obstacle.[5] Not to be outdone by its rival, however, the Canadian Pacific Railway built its own span, the Saint-Laurent Railway Bridge, upstream from the Lachine Rapids in 1886[6] for which the Mohawks of Kahnawake were hired to erect the steel superstructure.[7] Although Victoria Bridge was also used as a road crossing since 1898, it was not before the 1930s that two fully dedicated road bridges, Jacques-Cartier and Mercier, were built.[8][9] More spans, including Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel and Champlain Bridge, were built in the 1960s.[10][11] No new span was built for over 50 years, until a replacement Champlain Bridge was constructed at the cost of several billion dollars. It opened in 2019, while the previous span was closed to traffic to be demolished.

The construction of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in the 1950s required extensive modifications for all spans that existed at the time. Those are not reflected in the table below.

Span Picture First span built Current span built Communities linked Carries Name origin Coordinates
Saint-Laurent Railway Bridge A bridge with two truss sections in the middle. 1886 1910[6] (M) Borough of LaSalle Template:Ubl Saint Lawrence River Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Kahnawake Mohawk Reserve
Honoré Mercier Bridge A view of a twinned steel truss bridge, from between the spans.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1934, 1963[9]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[A] (M) Borough of LaSalle File:Qc138.svg
Route 138 		Honoré Mercier (1840–1894), Premier of Quebec Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Kahnawake Mohawk Reserve
Champlain Bridge Ice Structure A normal box girder bridge, but with closely spaced pillars.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1964[12]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[B] (M) Borough of Verdun Route Verte 1 and 2 Samuel de Champlain (c. 1580–1635), founder of Quebec City Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) St. Lawrence Seaway levee
Samuel De Champlain Bridge A view of the new bridge's main span. 1962[10]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[C] 2019 (M) Borough of Verdun File:Quebec Autoroute 10.svg File:Quebec Autoroute 15.svg File:Quebec Autoroute 20.svg

Autoroutes 10, 15, and 20

Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(I) Île des Sœurs (exit)
(O) Brossard
Victoria Bridge The numerous truss sections of a long bridge across a large body of water. 1860 1898[5]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[D] (M) Borough of Le Sud-Ouest Template:Ubl Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (1819–1901) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Saint-Lambert
Pont de la Concorde and Pont des Îles A steel box-girder bridge, with part of the city skyline in the background.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1965[13]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[E] (M) Borough of Ville-Marie Pierre-Dupuy Avenue and Route Verte 1 and 2 Reference to Montreal's motto, Concordia salus[13] Script error: No such module "Coordinates". (Pont de la Concorde)

Script error: No such module "Coordinates". (Pont des Îles)

(O) Île Sainte-Hélène and Île Notre-Dame (Parc Jean-Drapeau), borough of Ville-Marie, Montreal
Montreal Metro Tunnel The exterior of a subway station entrance.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1966[14] (M) Borough of Ville-Marie (Berri-UQAM station) Template:Ric Template:Ric Line 4 Yellow
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(I) Île Sainte-Hélène (Jean-Drapeau station) and Île Notre-Dame
(O) Longueuil, borough of Vieux-Longueuil (Longueuil–Université-de-Sherbrooke station)
Jacques Cartier Bridge Jacques Cariter Bridge is a cantilevered bridge.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1930[8]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[F] (M) Borough of Ville-Marie File:Qc134.svg
Route 134

Pedestrians and bicycles

Jacques Cartier (1491–1557), French explorer Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(I) Île Sainte-Hélène (exit) and Île Notre-Dame
(O) Longueuil, borough of Vieux-Longueuil
Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel An entrance of the Louis Hippolyte Lafontaine tunnel, with a sign telling drivers that they are about to cross the Saint Lawrence.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1967[11]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[G] (M) Borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve File:Quebec Autoroute 25.svg File:Trans-Canada Highway Quebec.svg
Autoroute 25/Trans-Canada Highway 		Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine (1807–1864), Prime Minister of the United Province of Canada Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(I) Île Charron (Îles de Boucherville) (exit)
(O) Longueuil, borough of Vieux-Longueuil

Spanning the Rivière des Prairies

Although the Rivière des Prairies is much smaller than the Saint Lawrence, bridge construction there did not begin until the 1840s—when rapid construction began on three wooden toll bridges to what is now Laval, one of which, Pont des Saints-Anges, collapsed in the 1880s and was never rebuilt.[2] The existence of regular ferry services across the river is attested from 1813,[15] but these ferries were discontinued when the bridges opened. The first railroad across the river was opened in 1876, and the Bordeaux Railway Bridge is the oldest fixed link to Laval that is still standing. (Another bridge across Rivière des Mille Îles, which was part of the same line, collapsed in 1882 but was immediately rebuilt.[2]) The highway construction boom of the 1960s and 1970s led to the construction of four new freeway bridges across the river, and the upgrading of the existing Pie IX Bridge to freeway standards.[2]

Span Picture First span built Current span built Communities linked Carries Name origin Coordinates
Le Gardeur Bridge A box girder bridge, with a steel truss railway bridge in the background.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1939 (widened 1975)[16] (M) Borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles File:Qc138.svg
Route 138 and Route Verte 5 		Pierre Le Gardeur de Repentigny (1605–1648), French lord[17] Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(I) Île Bourdon
(O) Repentigny
Laurier Railway Bridge[16] Four truss sections of a railway bridge, supported by stone pillars.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1904[16] (M) Borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles Template:Ubl Wilfrid Laurier (1841–1919), Prime Minister of Canada Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(I) Île Bourdon
(O) Charlemagne
Charles de Gaulle Bridge A wide box girder bridge.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1965[18] (M) Borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles File:Quebec Autoroute 40.svg
Autoroute 40 		Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970), President of France Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Charlemagne
Olivier-Charbonneau Bridge Olivier-Charbonneau Bridge.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		2011 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[H] (M) Borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles File:Quebec Autoroute 25.svg Autoroute 25 Olivier Charbonneau (c.1613-1687), first European settler of Île Jésus.[19] Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Laval (Saint-François)
Pie IX Bridge A box girder bridge high above the river. 1937[2] 1967[2] (M) Borough of Montreal North File:Qc125.svg
Route 125 		Pope Pius IX (1792–1878) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Laval (Saint-Vincent-de-Paul)
Centrale de la Rivière des Prairies A small hydroelectric power station.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1930[20][21]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[I] (M) Borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville Hydro-Québec
Rivière des Prairies Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(I) Île de la Visitation and Île du Cheval de Terre
(O) Laval (Duvernay)
Papineau-Leblanc Bridge Papineau-Leblanc Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1969[22] (M) Borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville File:Quebec Autoroute 19.svg
Autoroute 19 		Louis-Joseph Papineau (1786–1871), leader of the Patriote movement
Alpha Leblanc (1908–1962), local landowner[22] 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(I) Île de la Visitation
(O) Laval (Duvernay)
Viau Bridge (Ahuntsic Bridge) A concrete arch bridge. 1847 1962 (widened 1993)[2] (M) Borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville File:Qc335.svg
Route 335 		Ahuntsic, Huron boy who drowned in 1625[23] The origin of the name Viau is uncertain.[24] Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Laval (Pont-Viau)
Montreal Metro Tunnel The interior of the Henri-Bourassa Station.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		2007[25] (M) Borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville (Henri-Bourassa station) Template:Ric Template:Ric Line 2 Orange
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Laval (Cartier station)
Bordeaux Railway Bridge A typical railway truss bridge.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1876[2] (M) Borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville Template:Ubl Bordeaux, former town Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(I) Île Perry[26]
(O) Laval (Laval-des-Rapides)
Médéric Martin Bridge A wide box girder structure on massive concrete pillars.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1958 (widened 1991)[27] (M) Borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville File:Quebec Autoroute 15.svg File:Trans-Canada Highway Quebec.svg
Autoroute 15/Trans-Canada Highway 		Médéric Martin (1869–1946), Mayor of Montreal Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Laval (Laval-des-Rapides)
Lachapelle Bridge (Cartierville Bridge) Two non-identical steel frame bridges side by side. 1848[2] 1930, 1975[2] (M) Borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville File:Qc117.svg
Route 117 		Pascal Persillier-Lachapelle, builder of the first bridge[28] Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Laval (Chomedey)
Louis Bisson Bridge A box girder freeway bridge on thin pillars.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1975[29] (M) Borough of Pierrefonds-Roxboro File:Quebec Autoroute 13.svg
Autoroute 13 		Louis Bisson (1909–1997), Canadian aviator Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Laval (Chomedey / Sainte-Dorothée)
Île Bigras railway crossing A typical steel truss railway bridge.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1916[30]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[J] (M) Borough of Pierrefonds-Roxboro CN

Formerly used by the Deux-Montagnes commuter train (currently being replaced by the Réseau express métropolitain)

(no official name) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(I) (Île Bigras)
Île-Bigras commuter train station
(O) Laval (Sainte-Dorothée)
Guy Lafleur Bridge Jacques-Bizard Bridge seen between trees. 1966 2024[31] (M) Sainte-Geneviève, Montreal, borough of L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève Boulevard Jacques Bizard Guy Lafleur (1951–2022), ice hockey player and local resident Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(O) Île Bizard (Montreal, borough of L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève)

Spanning the Lake of Two Mountains and the Ottawa River East Channel

The first railway bridge to Montreal Island was the Grand Trunk Railway bridge across the Ottawa River East Channel. Along with another bridge built simultaneously across the West Channel, this bridge provided the first fixed link from Montreal to the mainland.[3] It was not until 1925, however, that a fixed road link, formed by Galipeault Bridge and Taschereau Bridge, was built across the Ottawa River from Montreal Island.[32] Île Perrot was the only way out of Montreal to the West before the construction of Île aux Tourtes Bridge, which goes directly to Vaudreuil across the Lake of Two Mountains.[32]

All three spans across the Ottawa River East Channel are twinned by another span, built simultaneously, across the West Channel.

Span Picture First span built Current span built Communities linked Carries Name origin Coordinates
Île aux Tourtes Bridge A long box girder bridge seen from several kilometers (miles) away.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1966[32]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[K] (M) Senneville File:Quebec Autoroute 40.svg File:Trans-Canada Highway Quebec.svg
Autoroute 40/Trans-Canada Highway 		Île aux Tourtes (literally, Wild Pigeon island)[33] Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(Across Lake of Two Mountains)
(I) Île Girwood, Île aux Tourtes
(O) Vaudreuil-Dorion
Canadian Pacific Rail Bridge A steel truss bridge with a locomotive on it.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1893[34] (M) Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Template:Ubl (no official names) Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(Across Canal Sainte-Anne)
(I) Île Bellevue
(O) Île Perrot
Canadian National Rail Bridge An old railway bridge on stone pillars.
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		1854[3] (M) Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Template:Ubl Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(Across Canal Sainte-Anne)
(I) Île Bellevue
(O) Île Perrot
Galipeault Bridge Two non-identical box girder bridges over rapids. 1925[32] 1991, 2009[35]<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[L] (M) Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue File:Quebec Autoroute 20.svg
Autoroute 20 and Route Verte 5 		Antonin Galipeault (1879–1971), Quebec politician Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
(Across Canal Sainte-Anne)
(I) Île Bellevue
(O) Île Perrot

Template:GeoGroupTemplate

See also

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Notes

<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>A The section of Honoré-Mercier bridge spanning over the St. Lawrence Seaway was rebuilt to seaway standards in the 1950s. The bridge was twinned by an identical one, on the downriver side, which opened in 1963.[9]
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>B The Champlain Bridge Ice Structure, known in French as "l'Estacade Champlain," was built to control ice floes coming from the Laprairie Basin.[12]
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>C At the north end of Champlain Bridge, two spans, one north-south (aut. 15 and 20) and one east-west (aut. 10) connect Île des Sœurs to I. of Montreal. These two spans, called Pont Île-des-Sœurs and Pont Clément, are part of the Champlain Bridge complex.[10]
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>D Victoria Bridge was built as a one-track tubular bridge which opened in 1860. It was the first bridge to cross the St. Lawrence River, and the longest bridge in the world. It was rebuilt as a two-track truss bridge in 1898. The South Y approach was rebuilt around the Saint-Lambert locks of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1961.[5]
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>E Pont de la Concorde (Concorde Bridge) and Pont des Îles ("Bridge of the Islands") were built for Expo 67.[13] Pont de la Concorde connects Montreal Island to Saint Helen's Island, while Pont des Îles connects Saint Helen's Island to Notre-Dame Island.
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>F Jacques-Cartier Bridge was originally named Harbour Bridge/Pont du Havre, and renamed after Jacques Cartier in 1934 (400th anniversary of Cartier's first voyage). The section over the St. Lawrence Seaway was lifted to a new height in 1962.[8]
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>G The Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine complex consists of a tunnel from Montreal to Île Charron and a bridge from Île Charron to the South Shore.[11]
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>H Construction of the Highway 25 Bridge started in early 2008 and was finished in May 2011. It is a toll bridge.
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>I The Rivière des Prairies hydro complex is a set of three dams: one from Montreal I. to Île de la Visitation (west of the Papineau-Leblanc Bridge), which includes a footpath; another between Île de la Visitation and Île du Cheval de Terre; and the longest span between Île du Cheval-de-Terre and Île Jésus. Île de la Visitation is joined to Montreal by another two small bridges: a road bridge, which also serves as a dam (historically, a water mill) and a footbridge.
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>J The railway crossing at Île Bigras consists of two spans, one north and one south of Île Bigras.
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>K A structure known as "Île Bray Bridge" was abandoned while still under construction in favor of Île aux Tourtes Bridge.[32]
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>L Galipeault Bridge was first built in 1925 and doubled in 1964. Both spans have been replaced since. Taschereau Bridge, which was part of the same project, spans the West Channel along the same highway.[32]

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". |language=French
  12. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". [Hydro-Québec]
  22. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Île Perry
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Fiche descriptive
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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