Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The landscape for instant messaging involves cross-platform instant messaging clients that can handle one or multiple protocols.[1] Clients that use the same protocol can typically federate and talk to one another. The following table compares general and technical information for cross-platform instant messaging clients in active development, each of which have their own article that provide further information.
General
Template:Sticky header Template:Sort-under
| Client | Developer | Initial release | Platform | Latest release | License (client) | License (server) | Monthly active users | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Version | Date | |||||||
| BlackBerryMessenger Enterprise | Blackberry | June 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[2] | iOS, Android | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | |||
| Beeper | Template:Plainlist | May 10, 2021Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:Plainlist | Template:Open source | Template:Open source | |||
| Briar | May 9, 2018Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[2] | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Template:Open source | Template:NAScript error: No such module "string".(peer-to-peer over Bluetooth, WiFi, or Tor network) | ||
| Conversations | Daniel Gulsche | March 24, 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Template:Open source | Template:Open source | |
| Discord | Discord Inc. | March 6, 2015Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[3] | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | 150 million (2021)[4] |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Linux | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Element | New Vector Limited | July 2016Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="6" Template:Open source | rowspan="6" Template:Open source | 43 million (2021)[5] |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Linux | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Web | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Fractal | March 16, 2018Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Linux desktops and mobile OSs | Template:Open source | Template:Open source | ||||
| Gadu-Gadu | Łukasz Foltyn, GG Network S.A. | August 15, 2000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | ||||
| Gajim | Yann Le Boulanger | May 21, 2004Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | BSD | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="4" Template:Open source | rowspan="4" Template:Open source | |
| Linux | ||||||||
| macOS | ||||||||
| Windows | ||||||||
| Gitter | New Vector Ltd | February 13, 2023Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[6] | Web, Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, Linux | Template:Open source | Template:Open source (Synapse) | |||
| Google Chat (formerly Google Hangouts) | May 15, 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as Google Hangouts) March 9, 2017Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as Google Chat) |
Android | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | 1 billion (2021) 500 million active (2020) | |||
| iOS | ||||||||
| Web | ||||||||
| Google Messages (RCS) | 2018Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | 1 billion (2021) 500 million active (2020) | |||
| Web | ||||||||
| Wear OS | ||||||||
| ICQ | Mail.Ru | November 1996Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Proprietary adware freemium | Proprietary | Defunct | |||
| Jami | Savoir-faire Linux | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="5" Template:Open source | rowspan="5" Template:NAScript error: No such module "string".(peer-to-peer) | ||
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Linux | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Jitsi | Emil Ivov | 2003Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Desktop | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Template:Open source | Template:Open source | 20 million (2020)[7] |
| KakaoTalk | Kakao Corp. | March 18, 2010Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | 47 million (2021)[8] | |||
| Kik Messenger | Medialab | October 2010Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Proprietary adware freemium | Proprietary | 15 million (2017)[9] |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Line | LY Corporation | March 2012Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Proprietary freemium | Proprietary | 169 million (2020)[10] |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Chrome | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Linphone | Belledonne Communications | 2001Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="5" Template:Open source or proprietary | SIP protocol, could connect to any SIP provider/server, including Linphone's service | only for SIP linphone service : over 700,000 in 2024[11] |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Linux | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| BSD | ||||||||
| Mattermost | Mattermost Inc | 2015Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="5" Template:Open source | rowspan="5" Template:Open source | |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Linux | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Messenger | Meta Platforms | August 9, 2011Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | 988 million (2022)[12] |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Movim | Timothée Jaussoin | March 3, 2011Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Any, Progressive web application | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Template:Open source | Template:Open source | |
| Mumble[13] | September 22, 2005Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Linux, Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android, iOS | 1.4.287 | 2022-09-14 | Template:Open source | Template:Open source | ||
| Palringo | Palringo Ltd | 2006Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Proprietary freemium | Proprietary | |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Paltalk | AVM Software, Inc | June 1998Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | 5.5 million (2013)[14] | |||
| Pidgin | Mark Spencer | November 1998Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | BSD | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="4" Template:Open source | Umpteen, both open protocols and interfaces with proprietary messengers | |
| Linux | ||||||||
| macOS | ||||||||
| Windows | ||||||||
| Psi | Psi and Psi+ developers | 2001Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Linux | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="3" Template:Open source | rowspan="3" Template:Open source | |
| macOS | ||||||||
| Windows | ||||||||
| Tencent Holdings | February 10, 1999Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Proprietary adware | Proprietary | 597 million (2023)[15] | |
| iOS, iPadOS, watchOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Linux | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| RetroShare | Cyril Soler, Gioacchino Mazzurco | 2006Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Template:Open source | Template:NAScript error: No such module "string".(peer-to-peer) | ||
| Ricochet | Invisible.im | June 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | FreeBSD | Template:WikidataTemplate:Update inline (fork took over development, now at 3.0.15) | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="4" Template:Open source | rowspan="4" Template:NAScript error: No such module "string".(peer-to-peer over the Tor network) | |
| Linux | ||||||||
| macOS | ||||||||
| Windows | ||||||||
| Signal | Signal Foundation | July 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Template:Open source | rowspan="3" Template:Open source | 40 million (2021)[16] |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Template:Open source | |||||
| Desktop | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Template:Open source | |||||
| Skype | Skype Technologies, a subsidiary of Microsoft Corporation | 2003Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Proprietary adware freemium | Proprietary | Defunct | |||
| Slack | Slack Technologies | August 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Proprietary freemium | Proprietary | 12 million (2019)[17] | |||
| Snapchat | Snap Inc. | November 2011Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | 557 million (2022)[12] |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Surespot | Surespot LLC | 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="2" Template:Open source | Defunct | |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| TeamNote | TeamNote Limited | 2012Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Subscription | Proprietary | ||||
| Telegram | Telegram Messenger LLP | 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Telegram cached versions | Template:Telegram cached versions | Template:Open source | Proprietary | 700 million (2022)[18]900 million (2024)[19] |
| iOS, iPadOS | Template:Telegram cached versions | Template:Telegram cached versions | Template:Open source | |||||
| Desktop | Template:Telegram cached versions | Template:Telegram cached versions | Template:Open source | |||||
| macOS | Template:Telegram cached versions | Template:Telegram cached versions | Template:Open source | |||||
| Threema | Threema GmbH | December 2012Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="2" Template:Open source | Proprietary | 10 million (2021)[20] |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Web | Template:Open source | |||||||
| Trillian | Cerulean Studios | July 1, 2000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Proprietary adware freemium | Proprietary | |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Linux | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Web | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Viber | Rakuten Viber | December 2, 2010Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Proprietary freemium | Proprietary | 260 million (2019)[21] |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Linux | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Tencent Holdings Limited | January 21, 2011Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | 1.263 billion (2022)[12] | ||||
| Meta Platforms | January 2009Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | Proprietary freeware | Proprietary | 2 billion (2020),[22] confirmed in 2024[23] | |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Wire | Wire Swiss GmbH | December 3, 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Android | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | rowspan="6" Template:Open source | rowspan="6" Template:Open source | |
| iOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Linux | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| macOS | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Windows | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Web | Template:Wikidata | Template:Wikidata | ||||||
| Client | Developer | Initial release | Platform | Latest release | License (client) | License (server) | Monthly active users | |
| Version | Date | |||||||
Operating system support
| Client | Windows | macOS | Linux | Web | Android | iOS | iPadOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beeper | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Briar | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
| Discord | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Element | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Fractal | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Gadu-Gadu | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Gajim | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Gitter | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | |
| Google Chat | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Google Messages (RCS) | NoTemplate:Efn | NoTemplate:Efn | Needs third-party clientTemplate:Efn[24] | Yes | Included | No | No |
| ICQ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Jami | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Jitsi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| KakaoTalk | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Kik Messenger | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Line | Yes | Yes | Template:Okay[25] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Linphone | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Mattermost | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Messages (Apple) | No | Included | No | No | No | Included | Yes |
| Messenger | Yes | Yes | Needs third-party clientTemplate:Efn[26] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Mumble | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Movim | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Palringo | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Paltalk | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Pidgin | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | |
| Psi | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | |
| RetroShare | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
| Ricochet | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | |
| Session | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Signal | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Skype | Included | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Slack | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Snapchat | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Surespot | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| TeamNote | NoTemplate:Efn | NoTemplate:Efn | NoTemplate:Efn | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Telegram | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tencent QQ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Threema | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Trillian | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Viber | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Yes | Yes | Needs third-party clientTemplate:Efn[27] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Yes | Yes | Needs third-party clientTemplate:Efn[28][29][30] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Wire | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Client | Windows | macOS | Linux | Web | Android | iOS | iPadOS |
Connectivity
Template:Sticky header Template:Sort-under
| Client | Registration requirement | Independent of mobile phone | End-to-end encryption | Template:Verth | Open source servers | Federated servers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Briar | No | Yes | Yes | Template:NA(P2P) | Template:NA(P2P) | |
| Discord | Email or Phone number | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Element | No | Yes | Yes[31] | No | Yes | Yes |
| Fractal | No | No | Yes | Yes | ||
| Gadu-Gadu | Email and Phone number | No | No | |||
| Gajim | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Gitter | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Google Chat | Email; Google account | Yes | ||||
| Google Messages (RCS) | Phone number | Similar to SMS requirements, RCS messaging requires a valid SIM card to be inserted in the device. RCS chat features may continue to work for up to 14 days, when a SIM card is removed from the device.[32] |
Yes, only for RCS chats | N/A Script error: No such module "Unsubst". |
Yes | |
| ICQ | Phone number | Phone required for initial registration. Desktop client can function independently afterwards.[33] |
No | |||
| Jami | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Template:NA(P2P) | Template:NA(P2P) |
| Jitsi | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| KakaoTalk | No | No | No | No | ||
| Kik Messenger | No | No | No | No | ||
| Line | Phone number | No | No | No | No | |
| Linphone | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Mattermost | No | Yes | No | |||
| Messages (Apple) | Email; Apple ID account | Yes | No | N/A Script error: No such module "Unsubst". |
N/A Script error: No such module "Unsubst". | |
| Messenger | Email or Phone number; Facebook account | Yes | No | No | No | |
| Movim | No | No | Yes | Yes | ||
| Mumble | no | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Palringo | No | No | No | |||
| Paltalk | No | No | ||||
| Pidgin | No | Yes | With extension only | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Psi | No | |||||
| RetroShare | Yes | N/A(P2P) | N/A(P2P) | |||
| Ricochet | Yes | Yes | N/A(P2P) | N/A(P2P) | ||
| Session | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Signal | Phone number; iOS or Android device.[34][35] VoIP number[36] | Phone required for initial registration. iPadOS or Desktop client can function independently afterwards.[37] |
Yes | No | Yes[38] | No |
| Skype | Email; Microsoft account | Yes | No | No | No | |
| Slack | Yes | No | No | No | ||
| Snapchat | Email or Phone number | No | No | No | No | |
| Surespot | No | No | No | |||
| TeamNote | ||||||
| Telegram | Phone number; iOS or Android device[39] | Phone required for initial registration & login. Desktop client can function independently afterwards.[40] |
For some features: secret chats,[41] voice and video calls,[42] and voice chats in groups[42] | No | No | No |
| Tencent QQ | No[43][44] | No | No | No | No | |
| Threema | No | A valid phone number or email address is not required for registration & login. However, the mobile app serves as the primary device, due to the end-to-end encryption architecture.[45] |
Yes | No | No | No |
| Trillian | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | |
| Viber | Phone number | No | Yes[46] | No | No | No |
| Phone number or QQ number | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Phone number | No | Yes | No | No | No | |
| Wire | Email or Phone number | Yes | Yes[47] | No | Yes[48] | Yes |
| Client | Registration requirement | Independent of mobile phone | End-to-end encryption | Template:Verth | Open source servers | Federated servers |
Privacy
Some messaging services that are not designed for privacy require a unique phone number for sign-up, as a form of identity verification and to prevent users from creating multiple accounts.
Some messaging services that do not solely focus on a mobile-first experience, or enforce SMS authentication, may allow email addresses to be used for sign-up instead.
Some messaging services offer greater flexibility and privacy, by allowing users to create more than one account to compartmentalize personal & work purposes, or not requiring personally identifiable information for sign-up.
To find out if the software has end-to-end encryption, see "media" table below.
Template:Sticky header Template:Sort-under
| Client | Share username | Hide number | Account expiration | Reset password | Password lockout | Search for contacts | Voice changer | Plugins |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Briar | by public key or in-person pairing | |||||||
| Discord | Template:Blist | No | ||||||
| Element | Template:Blist | Yes | ||||||
| Fractal | Template:Blist | |||||||
| Gadu-Gadu | No | |||||||
| Gajim | Yes | |||||||
| Gitter | ||||||||
| Google Chat | Template:Blist | |||||||
| Google Messages (RCS) | Template:Blist | |||||||
| ICQ | Yes | |||||||
| Jami | Yes | No (not stored on servers) | No (not stored on servers) | No (not stored on servers)[49] | by random identifier or email-like address | No | Yes | |
| Jitsi | by shared 4-random-words URL | Yes | ||||||
| KakaoTalk | ||||||||
| Kik Messenger | Template:Blist | |||||||
| Line | Template:Blist | Yes | ||||||
| Linphone | ||||||||
| Mattermost | Yes | |||||||
| Messages (Apple) | Template:Blist | No | ||||||
| Messenger | Template:Blist | Yes | ||||||
| Movim | No | |||||||
| Mumble | Template:Blist | |||||||
| Palringo | No | |||||||
| Paltalk | No | |||||||
| Pidgin | Yes | |||||||
| Psi | Yes | |||||||
| RetroShare | ||||||||
| Ricochet | ||||||||
| Signal | Yes | Default. Number is only visible if it is saved to a friend's contact | No[50] | 30 seconds after 5 fails | Template:Blist | No | ||
| Skype | Template:Blist | Yes | ||||||
| Slack | Template:Blist | Yes | ||||||
| Snapchat | Template:Blist | Yes | ||||||
| Surespot | No | No | ||||||
| TeamNote | ||||||||
| Telegram | 6 months | 5 seconds after 3 fails | Template:Blist | No | ||||
| Tencent QQ | No | |||||||
| Threema | No | |||||||
| Trillian | Yes | |||||||
| Viber | Template:Blist | Yes | ||||||
| Template:Blist | ||||||||
| No | Template:Blist | No | ||||||
| Wire | No | |||||||
| Client | Share username | Hide number | Account expiration | Reset password | Password lockout | Search for contacts | Voice changer | Plugins |
- 1: Apple iOS doesn't allow screenshot protection.
Screenshot security
| Client | Hide number in chats | Lock screen timeout | Lock screen when closed | Lock screen button | Screenshot detection | Screenshot/recording disabled (Android only)[51] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Briar | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Discord | No | |||||
| Element | No | |||||
| Fractal | ||||||
| Gadu-Gadu | ||||||
| Gajim | ||||||
| Gitter | ||||||
| Google Chat | ||||||
| Google Messages (RCS) | ||||||
| ICQ | ||||||
| Jami | No (not stored on servers) | No | No | Yes[52] | ||
| Jitsi | No | |||||
| KakaoTalk | ||||||
| Kik Messenger | ||||||
| Line | Yes | |||||
| Linphone | ||||||
| Mattermost | No | |||||
| Messages (Apple) | No | |||||
| Messenger | No | |||||
| Movim | ? | |||||
| Mumble | ||||||
| Palringo | ||||||
| Paltalk | ||||||
| Pidgin | ||||||
| Psi | ||||||
| RetroShare | ||||||
| Ricochet | ||||||
| Signal | Yes | No | Yes | Yes[53] | ||
| Skype | ||||||
| Slack | ||||||
| Snapchat | Yes | |||||
| Surespot | ||||||
| TeamNote | ||||||
| Telegram | Yes | Yes | No | Yes (on Secret Chats)[54] | Yes (on Secret Chats)[55] | |
| Tencent QQ | ||||||
| Threema | Yes | |||||
| Trillian | ||||||
| Viber | Yes | |||||
| No | Fingerprint sensor | |||||
| Wire | No | |||||
| Client | Hide number in chats | Lock screen timeout | Lock screen when closed | Lock screen button | Screenshot detection | Screenshot/recording disabled (Android only)[51] |
Message handling
| Client | Threads | Sent messages | Read messages | Self-destructing messages | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Threads | Collapse[56] | Ignore | Editing | Deleting | Delete for contacts | Delete notification | Receipts | Hide receipts | Exists | Deletion trigger | |
| Briar | Yes[57] | No | No | Yes | No | ||||||
| Discord | Yes | Yes[58] | Yes[59] | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||||
| Element | Yes[60] | Yes | No | Partial | Yes | Yes | No | ||||
| Fractal | |||||||||||
| Gadu-Gadu | |||||||||||
| Gajim | Yes | Yes | No | ||||||||
| Gitter | |||||||||||
| Google Chat | Yes[61] | Yes | Yes | Originally for Google Workspace accounts only; rolled out to consumer accounts in July 2023[62] | Originally for Google Workspace accounts only; rolled out to consumer accounts in July 2023 | Yes | No | ||||
| Google Messages (RCS) | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | ||||
| ICQ | No | No | No | Yes | |||||||
| Jami | No | No | No | No | Desktop only | No | Not applicable | Yes[63] | Android only[63] | Yes | |
| Jitsi | No | No | No | No | |||||||
| KakaoTalk | No | No | No | ||||||||
| Kik Messenger | No | No | No | ||||||||
| Line | No | No | No | No | Partial | Yes | No | ||||
| Linphone | No | No | No | ||||||||
| Mattermost | Yes | Template:Okay[64] | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||||
| Messages (Apple) | No | No | No | No | |||||||
| Messenger | Yes[65] | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Movim | Yes[66] | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | |||||
| Mumble | No | No | No | ||||||||
| Palringo | No | No | No | ||||||||
| Paltalk | No | No | No | ||||||||
| Pidgin | No | No | No | Yes | |||||||
| Psi | No | No | No | Yes | |||||||
| RetroShare | Yes | Yes[67] | No | No | No | Yes | No | ||||
| Ricochet | No | No | No | ||||||||
| Signal | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Within 24 hours[68] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Read[69] |
| Skype | No | No | No | ||||||||
| Slack | Yes | Yes[70] | Yes[71] | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Snapchat | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Surespot | No | No | No | No | |||||||
| TeamNote | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | |||||
| Telegram | No[72] | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Read |
| Tencent QQ | No | No | No | ||||||||
| Threema | No[73] | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | ||||
| Trillian | No | No | No | Yes | |||||||
| Viber | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
| No | No | No | |||||||||
| No | No | No | No | Partial | Yes | Yes | No | ||||
| Wire | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes[74] | ||||
| Client | Threads | Sent messages | Read messages | Self-destructing messages | |||||||
| Threads | Collapse | Ignore | Editing | Deleting | Delete for contacts | Delete notification | Receipts | Hide receipts | Exists | Deletion trigger | |
Media
| Client | File transfer | Voice messages | Voice chat | Video chat | E2EE | Encrypted local storage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual | Groups | ||||||
| Briar | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Discord | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| Element | |||||||
| Fractal | |||||||
| Gadu-Gadu | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||
| Gajim | Yes | Yes | No | No[75] | Yes | Yes | |
| Gitter | |||||||
| Google Chat | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| Google Messages (RCS) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| ICQ | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| Jami | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Jitsi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| KakaoTalk | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Kik Messenger | Yes | No | No | ||||
| Line | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Yes[76] | |
| Linphone | |||||||
| Mattermost | Yes | Plug-in | Plug-in | Plug-in | No | No | |
| Messages (Apple) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Messenger | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| Movim | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | For private group | |
| Mumble | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ||
| Palringo | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | |
| Paltalk | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||
| Pidgin | No | No | Partial | Yes | Yes | ||
| Psi | Yes | Yes | Partial | Partial | Yes | Yes | |
| RetroShare | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Ricochet | Yes | ||||||
| Signal | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial[77] |
| Skype | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| Slack | Yes | No | No | ||||
| Snapchat | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| Surespot | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No groupchat | |
| TeamNote | Yes | No | |||||
| Telegram | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Secret Chats | No | No[78] |
| Tencent QQ | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| Threema | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Trillian | Yes | Partial | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| Viber | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| Wire | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Client | File transfer | Voice messages | Voice chat | Video chat | E2EE | Encrypted local storage | |
| Individual | Groups | ||||||
Backup and restore messages
Official status to guarantee support for backing up and restoring messages.
Miscellaneous
Messaging services can operate around different models, based on security and accessibility considerations.[80]
A mobile-focused, phone number-based model operates on the concept of primary and secondary devices. Examples of such messaging services include: WhatsApp, Viber, Line, WeChat, Signal, etc. The primary device is a mobile phone and is required to login and send/receive messages. Only one mobile phone is allowed to be the primary device, as attempting to login to the messaging app on another mobile phone would trigger the previous phone to be logged out. The secondary device is a computer running a desktop operating system, which serves as a companion for the primary device. Desktop messaging clients on secondary devices do not function independently, as they are reliant on the mobile phone maintaining an active network connection for login authentication and syncing messages.
A multi-device, device-agnostic model is designed for accessibility on multiple devices, regardless of desktop or mobile. Examples of such messaging services include: Skype, Facebook Messenger, Google Hangouts (subsequently Google Chat), Telegram, ICQ, Element, Slack, Discord, etc. Users have more options as usernames or email addresses can be used as user identifiers, besides phone numbers. Unlike the phone-based model, user accounts on a multi-device model are not tied to a single device, and logins are allowed on multiple devices. Messaging services with a multi-device model are able to eliminate feature disparity and provide identical functionality on both mobile and desktop clients. Desktop clients can function independently, without relying on the mobile phone to login and sync messages.
| Client | Typing notifications | Multi-device support | Emoji reactions | Stickers | GIF search | Custom emoji | Themes / skins |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Briar | No | Yes | No | ||||
| Discord | Yes | Yes[81][82] | Yes | Yes (custom stickers require paid) | Yes | Paid[83] | Paid[84] |
| Element | Yes[85][82] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Fractal | |||||||
| Gadu-Gadu | No | ||||||
| Gajim | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Gitter | |||||||
| Google Chat | Yes (an optional setting allows messages to be accessible on Gmail as well)[86][87] | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| Google Messages (RCS) | On secondary web browsers only (phone required to sync messages)[88] | Only a limited set of reactions available | Yes | Yes | Partial | ||
| ICQ | Yes[89] | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| Jami | Yes[63] | Yes | Partial[90] | No | |||
| Jitsi | Yes | ||||||
| KakaoTalk | On secondary desktop devices only (phone required to sync messages)[91][92] | No | |||||
| Kik Messenger | No[93] | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Line | On secondary desktop devices only (phone required to sync messages)[94] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ||
| Linphone | |||||||
| Mattermost | No | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Messages (Apple) | Yes (Apple devices)[95] | No | No | ||||
| Messenger | Yes (messages are also accessible on the main Facebook website)[96] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Movim | Yes | No | No | ||||
| Mumble | |||||||
| Palringo | No | Yes | |||||
| Paltalk | No | Yes | |||||
| Pidgin | No | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| Psi | Yes | Yes | |||||
| RetroShare | Yes | No | |||||
| Ricochet | No | ||||||
| Signal | Yes | On secondary desktop devices only (phone required to sync messages; 5 linked devices)[97] | Yes | Yes | Only on Android and iOS | No | Yes |
| Skype | Yes[98][82] | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||
| Slack | Yes[80][82] | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Snapchat | No[99] | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||
| Surespot | No | Yes | |||||
| TeamNote | No | ||||||
| Telegram | Yes | Yes[100][82][101] | Full set of reactions only available on Telegram Premium | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tencent QQ | On secondary desktop devices only (phone required to sync messages)[102] | No | Yes | ||||
| Threema | On secondary desktop devices only (phone required to sync messages). Phone must maintain an active network connection at all times to use the desktop client.[103] |
Yes | No | Yes | |||
| Trillian | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Viber | On secondary desktop devices only (phone required to sync messages)[104] | Only a limited set of reactions available | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| On secondary desktop devices only (phone required to sync messages)[105] | No | ||||||
| On secondary desktop devices only (phone required to sync messages; 4 linked devices) Phone must not be offline for ≥ 14 days; message history limited to 3 months. Unsupported on iPad, iPod Touch.[106] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||
| Wire | Yes[107] | No | No | No | |||
| Client | Typing notifications | Multi-device support | Emoji reactions | Stickers | GIF search | Custom emoji | Themes / skins |
See also
Script error: No such module "Portal".
- Comparison of instant messaging protocols
- Comparison of IRC clients
- Comparison of VoIP software
- Comparison of LAN messengers
- List of video telecommunication services and product brands
- Comparison of user features of messaging platforms
Notes
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ The Importance of Message Threads in Team Messaging Apps
- ↑ Briar User Manual
- ↑ Discord Threads FAQ
- ↑ Discord I Want To Leave A Thread
- ↑ Introducing Threads in Beta!
- ↑ Learn how to manage a space with in-line threading
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Organize conversations using Collapsed Reply Threads
- ↑ Facebook Messenger gets threaded replies
- ↑ Movim: a decentralized open-source XMPP-based messaging and social platform
- ↑ Retroshare » Docs » User Guide » Interface
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Use threads to organize discussions
- ↑ How to Unfollow Thread in Slack?
- ↑ Bugs and Suggestions » Threads
- ↑ Comparison of Communication Tools for Companies
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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