List of Canadian Victoria Cross recipients

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A black-and-white photograph of a man with a beard and short hair looking at the viewer and wearing a button-up jacket displaying four medals
Canadian William Hall was the first black recipient of the Victoria Cross.

The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest award of the United Kingdom honours system. It is awarded for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" to members of armed forces of the United Kingdom and was in the past also awarded to membes of armed forces of Canada and other Commonwealth countries. Canada, like most of the others, has established its own honours systems and no longer recommends VCs and other British honours. The Canadian Victoria Cross was created in 1993, as the highest award in the Canadian honours system.

During the time Canadians were eligible for the VC, it was sometimes awarded posthumously and awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command. No Canadian civilian ever won the VC. Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857, two thirds of all awards were personally presented by the British monarch of the time. These investitures were usually held at Buckingham Palace.

Background

Established in 1856, the Victoria Cross has been awarded to service personnel for extraordinary valour and devotion to duty mostly while facing a hostile force. Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for extraordinary actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy.[1] Six people were awarded Victoria Crosses under this clause, two of them having a connection to Canada – one to an Irish soldier serving in the British army in Canada for actions taken in 1866 during the Fenian raids; and five (to a Canadian, three Irishmen and an Englishman) for a dangerous boat rescue in 1867 during the Andaman Islands Expedition. In 1881, VC regulations were amended to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".[1][2]

Since 1993, Canadians are not eligible for the Victoria Cross. That medal was superseded by the Canadian Victoria CrossTemplate:Sndof equal honour, but yet to be awarded.[3] The scroll of the Canadian VC differs in that the inscription is in Latin rather than English. By using a language that is an ancestor of French and has greatly contributed to the development of English, the medal avoids linguistic discrimination between Canada's two official languages. The fleur-de-lis, in heraldry long associated with the French crown has been added at the end each scroll. The actual metal of the medal is a distinct Canadian composition.[4]

At a time when VCs could be awarded for actions taken not in the face of enemy fire, Timothy O'Hea, a 23-year-old Irishman in the British army, fought a fire in a railway car containing 900 kilograms of ammunition stationed at Danville, Canada East, during the Fenian raids.[5] O'Hea is the only VC recipient awarded for actions on Canadian soil.[6]

Summary

According to Veterans Affairs Canada, the Victoria Cross has been presented to 99 Canadians, or people closely associated with Canada,[7][8] between its creation for acts performed during the Crimean War and 1993 when the Canadian Victoria Cross was instituted. No Canadian received the VC from 1945 to 1993, and no Canadian has yet been awarded the Canadian Victoria Cross, instituted in 1993.[9] One list solely includes individuals, irrespective of their country of origin, who served in the Canadian armed forces. The Veterans’ Affairs site broadens the criteria to encompass those born in Canada who received the VC while in the United Kingdom armed forces.

The first Canadian to be awarded the Victoria Cross was Alexander Roberts Dunn for his actions in 1854, during the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War. William Hall, a Nova Scotian, was the first black recipient of the Victoria Cross.[10] The last living Canadian recipient of the British Victoria Cross, "Smokey" Smith, died in August 2005.[11]

Canadians were awarded the Victoria Cross for actions performed in the Crimean War (Battle of Balaclava), the Indian Mutiny (AKA the Indian Rebellion of 1857), a native uprising at a remote Indian Ocean island during the Andaman Islands Expedition, the Battle of Omdurman during the Sudan Campaign of 1896–1899, and the Second Boer War. The Victoria Cross was awarded to 73 Canadians and other members of the Canadian army for actions during the First World War, and sixteen Canadians received the VC during the Second World War. Lieutenant Robert Hampton Gray of the Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve was the last Canadian to win the VC during the Second World War. He was the last Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross ever.

Seven Canadians were awarded VCs individually on one single day, 2 September 1918, for actions they performed along the 30 km long Drocourt-Quéant Line near Arras, France: Bellenden Hutcheson, Arthur George Knight, William Henry Metcalf, Claude Nunney, Cyrus Wesley Peck, Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young. Their acts of valour were performed during Canada's Hundred Days, a period of successful offensive campaigning that helped end the war.

Recipients

(This list is arranged alphabetically when first opened but the order can be changed to other criteria such as date of valourous action, by clicking in box at top of each column.)

  1. REDIRECT Template:Legend inline

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Name[12] Date of action Conflict Unit Perpetuating unit Place of action Province of origin Notes
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) Cambrai, France Ontario[13]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I (aerial combat) Script error: No such module "sort". None Forêt de Mormal, France Manitoba[14]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Second Battle of Passchendaele Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Regiment of Canada Passchendaele, Belgium Ontario[15]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1944* World War II Aerial heroics during bombing raid on V-1 flying bomb site Script error: No such module "sort". No. 115 Squadron RAF Trossy St. Maximin, France Alberta[16]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1915 World War I Second Battle of Ypres Script error: No such module "sort". British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own) Kerselaere, Belgium British Columbia[17]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917* World War I Battle of Polygon Wood 9th Battalion, The Leicestershire Regiment B Company, 2nd Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment Polygon Wood, Belgium Nova Scotia[18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I (aerial combat) Script error: No such module "sort". No. 60 Squadron RAF Cambrai, France Ontario[19]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I First Ostend Raid Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Ostend, Belgium British Columbia[20]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days (Battle of Amiens (1918)) Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Winnipeg Rifles Amiens, France Manitoba[21]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I Canada's Hundred Days (Battle of Amiens (1918)) Script error: No such module "sort". Template:Langr Meharicourt, France Quebec[22]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917* World War I Battle of Hill 70 Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Winnipeg Rifles and Calgary Highlanders (10th Canadians) Lens, France Ontario[23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I [note 1] Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Saskatchewan Dragoons Valenciennes, France Saskatchewan[24]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1915* World War I (Trench warfare) Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Canadian Regiment Givenchy, France Ontario[25]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Victoria Rifles of Canada Fresnes, France Quebec[26]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1916* World War I Battle of Flers-Courcelette Script error: No such module "sort". Governor General's Foot Guards Pozières, France Manitoba[27] [note 2]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1900 Second Boer War Battle of Leliefontein Royal Canadian Dragoons Royal Canadian Dragoons Komati River, South Africa Ontario[28]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917* World War I Battle of Arras Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Winnipeg Rifles Acheville, France Saskatchewan[29]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days (Battle of Amiens (1918)) Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Winnipeg Rifles Hackett Woods, France Manitoba[30]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1945* World War II Incursion into Germany Script error: No such module "sort". Queen's Own Rifles of Canada Mooshof, Germany Ontario[31]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I Canada's Hundred Days (Battle of Amiens (1918)) Script error: No such module "sort". Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada Amiens, France Nova Scotia[32] .[note 3]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Palestine campaign 2/14th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (London Scottish) London Regiment Jordan, Palestine Manitoba[33] [note 4]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1944 World War II Falais pocket Script error: No such module "sort". South Alberta Light Horse Battle of Falaise, France Saskatchewan[34]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1898 Battle of Omdurman, Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan 21st Lancers Royal Lancers Omdurman, Sudan Quebec[35] [note 5]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I defence against German spring offensive 15th Battalion, The Royal Irish Rifles Royal Irish Regiment Groagie, France Alberta[36] [note 6]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada Parvillers, France n/a[37] [note 7]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1867 Andaman Islands Expedition (Bravery at Sea) Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Welsh Little Andaman, India Ontario[38] [note 8]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1854 Battle of Balaclava, Crimean War Script error: No such module "sort". Yorkshire Regiment Balaclava, Crimea Ontario[39] [note 4]
[note 9]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1915* World War I Second Battle of Ypres Script error: No such module "sort". Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada St. Julien, Belgium Ontario[40]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I defence against German spring offensive Battle of Moreuil Wood Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) Bois de Moreuil, France British Columbia[41]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1942 World War II

Dieppe raid

1st Battalion, The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment) Dieppe, France Ontario[42]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1915 World War I Capture of Hill 60 1st Battalion Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment Ypres, Belgium Marylebone, London[43]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days (Battle of Amiens (1918)) Script error: No such module "sort". Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada Hangard Wood, France New Brunswick[44]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1945*

(Aug. 9)

World War II Pacific War aerial attack on Japanese navy in home waters Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve HMS Formidable Royal Canadian Navy Onagawa Bay,Japan British Columbia[45] [note 10][46]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Royal Canadian Regiment Royal Canadian Regiment Cambrai, France New Brunswick[47]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1915* World War I Second Battle of Ypres Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Winnipeg Rifles Ypres, Belgium Manitoba[48] [note 2]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1857 Indian rebellion of 1857 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". none Lucknow, India Nova Scotia[49]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Battle of Hill 70 Script error: No such module "sort". British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own) Lens, France British Columbia[50]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I (Trench warfare) Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) Guyencourt, France Alberta[51][52]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917* World War I Battle of Hill 70 Script error: No such module "sort". Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC) Lens, France Ontario[53]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1944* World War II Burma campaign, Battle of the Admin Box 1st Battalion, Lincolnshire Regiment Royal Anglian Regiment Ngakyedauk Pass, Burma (now Myanmar) British Columbia[54]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1900 Second Boer War Battle of Leliefontein Royal Canadian Dragoons Royal Canadian Dragoons Komati River, South Africa Ontario[55]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Second Battle of Passchendaele Script error: No such module "sort". Governor General's Horse Guards Passchendaele, Belgium Ontario[56]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Winnipeg Grenadiers Bourlon Wood, France Ontario[57]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1944* World War II Battle of Atlantic Script error: No such module "sort". Faroes, Atlantic Ontario[58]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Toronto Scottish Regiment (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Own) Arras, France Ontario[59] [note 11]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I (Trench warfare) Script error: No such module "sort". Template:Langr Neuville-Vitasse, France Quebec[60]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Queen's Own Rifles of Canada and Royal Regiment of Canada Bourlon Wood, France Ontario[61]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1916 World War I Battle of Flers–Courcelette Script error: No such module "sort". Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry) Courcelette, France Nova Scotia[62] Alberta[note 12]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Second Battle of Passchendaele Script error: No such module "sort". Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry) Passchendaele, Belgium Alberta[63]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Winnipeg Rifles and Calgary Highlanders (10th Canadians) Villers-les-Cagnicourt, France (near Arras) Saskatchewan[64]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Battle of Hill 70 Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Westminster Regiment Lens, France n/a [note 13]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917* World War I Battle of Hill 70 Script error: No such module "sort". Governor General's Foot Guards Lens, France Quebec[64]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own) Cambrai, France Ontario[65]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Vimy Ridge Script error: No such module "sort". Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (Duke of Edinburgh's Own) Vimy Ridge, France Ontario[66]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". British Columbia Dragoons Cambrai, France British Columbia[67]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1944 World War II Italian campaign 1st Battalion, The Westminster Regiment (Motor) Royal Westminster Regiment River Melfa, Italy British Columbia[68]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I (Trench warfare) Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Montreal Regiment Gavrelle Sector, France Alberta[69]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917* World War I Second Battle of Passchendaele Canadian Machine Gun Corps Royal Canadian Armoured Corps Meetscheele Spur, Belgium Ontario Alberta[70] [note 14]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I (aerial combat) Script error: No such module "sort". No. 2 Squadron RAF Albert, France Manitoba[71]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". 56th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA, Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment) Abancourt, France Ontario[72]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1942 World War II

Dieppe Raid

1st Battalion, The South Saskatchewan Regiment South Saskatchewan Regiment Dieppe, France British Columbia[73]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Canadian Scottish Regiment Arras, France n/a [note 11]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917* World War I Vimy Ridge Script error: No such module "sort". Canadian Scottish Regiment Thelus, France Saskatchewan[74]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I Canada's Hundred Days (Battle of Amiens (1918)) Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Regiment of Canada Demuin, France Ontario[75]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Canal de L'Escaut, France Manitoba[76]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Second Battle of Passchendaele Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry Passchendaele, Belgium Saskatchewan[77] [note 11]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1944* World War II Bomber campaign Script error: No such module "sort". 419 Tactical Fighter Training Squadron Cambrai, France Manitoba[78]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1900 Second Boer War (Siege of Wepener) Royal Army Medical Corps Wakkerstroom, South Africa New Brunswick[79] [note 4][80]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (Duke of Edinburgh's Own) Drocourt-Queant Line, France (near Arras) Ontario[81]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Second Battle of Passchendaele Script error: No such module "sort". Lake Superior Scottish Regiment Passchendaele, Belgium Manitoba[82]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1915 World War I (Canadian counterattack after German advance) 1st Battalion, Irish Guards Irish Guards Cuinchy, France Saskatchewan[83] [note 15]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Battle of Hill 70 Script error: No such module "sort". British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own) Lens, France

(Hill 70)

British Columbia[84]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1941* World War II Battle of Hong Kong 1st Battalion, The Winnipeg Grenadiers Winnipeg Grenadiers Mount Butler, Hong Kong Manitoba[85]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917* World War I Vimy Ridge Script error: No such module "sort". King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC) Vimy Ridge, France Alberta[86]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Second Battle of Passchendaele Script error: No such module "sort". Sherbrooke Hussars Passchendaele, Belgium Yukon[87]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Canadian Scottish Regiment Cagnicourt, France (near Arras) New Brunswick[88]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1942* World War II

Operation Torch

Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". Oran, Algeria P.E.I.[89]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own) Arras, France Ontario[90]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1857 Indian rebellion of 1857 Script error: No such module "sort". The Rifles Delhi, India Ontario[91]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1900 Second Boer War (small-unit firefight) Strathcona's Horse Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) Wolwespruit, South Africa (near the Vaal River) Saskatchewan[92][note 16] [note 17]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1916* World War I Battle of the Somme Script error: No such module "sort". Canadian Scottish Regiment Somme, France British Columbia[93]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Hundred Days Offensive 1st Battalion Royal Newfoundland Regiment Ledeghem, Belgium Newfoundland[94] [95]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917* World War I Second Battle of Passchendaele Script error: No such module "sort". Royal Winnipeg Rifles Passchendaele, Belgium Nova Scotia Alberta[96] [note 18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Sherbrooke Hussars Monchy, France Ontario[97]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1915 World War I Second Battle of Ypres Canadian Army Medical Corps St. Julien, Belgium Quebec[98]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Second Battle of Passchendaele Script error: No such module "sort". Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada Passchendaele, Belgium Manitoba[99] [note 2]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917* World War I Vimy Ridge Script error: No such module "sort". Essex and Kent Scottish Neuville-St.-Vaast, France Ontario[100]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1916 World War I Mesopotamian campaign Indian Medical Service Orah Ruins, Mesopotamia British Columbia[101] [note 4]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1944 World War II Italian campaign 1st Battalion, The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada Seaforth Highlanders of Canada River Savio, Italy British Columbia[102]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I Canada's Hundred Days Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry Parvillers, France Manitoba[103]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917 World War I Battle of Cambrai Fort Garry Horse Fort Garry Horse Masnières, France Manitoba Alberta[104] [note 19]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918* World War I Canada's Hundred Days (Battle of Amiens (1918)) Script error: No such module "sort". Winnipeg Grenadiers Amiens, France Manitoba[105]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1945 World War II Battle of the Rhineland 1st Battalion, The Essex Scottish Regiment Essex and Kent Scottish Hochwald Forest, Germany Ontario[106]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1945 World War II Operation Varsity (March 1945) Script error: No such module "sort". Rhine, Germany Ontario[107]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1943 World War II Italian campaign Royal 22e Régiment Royal 22e Régiment Casa Berardi, Italy Quebec[108]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1900 Second Boer War Battle of Leliefontein Royal Canadian Dragoons Royal Canadian Dragoons Komati River, South Africa Quebec[109]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1916* World War I Battle of the Somme 7th Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border) La Boiselle, France British Columbia[110] [note 20]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days Script error: No such module "sort". Canadian Grenadier Guards Dury-Arras Sector, France Quebec[111]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918 World War I Canada's Hundred Days (Battle of Amiens (1918)) Script error: No such module "sort". North Saskatchewan Regiment Warvillers, France Saskatchewan[112] [note 11][note 21]

See also

Script error: No such module "Portal".

Notes

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  1. ↑ He was the last Canadian awarded the Victoria Cross for actions taken during WWI, His actions being made on 2 November 1918, just nine days before the Armistice.
  2. ↑ a b c One of three WWI Canadian VC recipients who lived on same block on Pine Street (now Valour Road) in Winnipeg: Leo Clarke, Frederick Hall and Robert Shankland
  3. ↑ Born in the Dominion of Newfoundland, moved to Canada at age 2.
  4. ↑ a b c d Recipients were Canadians, but were serving in other army units at the time of their VC act
  5. ↑ He was the first Canadian awarded the Victoria Cross for actions subsequent to Canadian Confederation
  6. ↑ Although born in Ireland, was enlisted in the Canadian army and is considered Canadian at the time he won the medal, and Albertan because he was working in an Edmonton bank when he enlisted.
  7. ↑ Although a Danish citizen who enlisted in the Canadian army, he is considered Canadian at the time he won the medal. His sister was famed author Isak Dinesen/Karen Blixen.
  8. ↑ Awarded VC for actions taken not in the face of the enemy, one of only six awarded this way
  9. ↑ First Canadian to earn VC, during the Charge of the Light Brigade, 25 October 1854.
  10. ↑ Last Canadian ever to earn VC, in actions sinking Japanese escort ship Amakusa, 9 August 1945.
  11. ↑ a b c d Although an American citizen who enlisted in the Canadian army, is considered Canadian at the time he won the medal
  12. ↑ Kerr was born in Nova Scotia and moved to farm in Alberta before enlisting in Edmonton unit.
  13. ↑ Although a Ukrainian citizen who enlisted in the Canadian army, is considered Canadian at the time he won the medal
  14. ↑ McKenzie was born in Liverpool, moved to Ontario before enlisting in Alberta unit.
  15. ↑ Considered Irish, but listed here due to residency in Canada
  16. ↑ living at time of enlistment at Battleford
  17. ↑ first soldier to be awarded the Victoria Cross for actions committed while serving with a Canadian unit (even though under British command)
  18. ↑ lived most of his life in Medicine Hat
  19. ↑ Strachan enlisted in a Winnipeg unit but was a farmer in Alberta
  20. ↑ Wilkinson lived in Vancouver and enlisted in a Vancouver unit Overseas, he transferred to the British Army.
  21. ↑ Although a U.S. citizen, he grew up on a Saskatchewan farm.

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References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Last Canadian to win the VC in WWII, and thus last Canadian ever to win the VC
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ https://www.greentigergroup.com/downloads/victoria-cross-recipients-from-the-first-world-war-and-before/frederick-harvey-vc/
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ "Engagement at Wakkerstroom" https://www.battletoursza.com/engagement-at-wakkerstroom-free-state-20-april-1900/ accessed August 1, 2025
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ at age 17, he was the youngest army serviceman in a combatant role to be awarded the VC
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".; Canadian Virtual War Memorial website
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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