List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Template:Short description Template:Main other Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Multiple image The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the principal minister of the crown of His Majesty's Government, and the head of the British Cabinet.
There is no specific date for when the office of prime minister first appeared, as the role was not created but rather evolved over time through a merger of duties.Template:Sfn The term was regularly, if informally, used by Robert Walpole by the 1730s.[1] It was used in the House of Commons as early as 1805,Template:Sfn and it was certainly in parliamentary use by the 1880s,Template:Sfnm although did not become the official title until 1905, when Arthur Balfour was prime minister.
Historians generally consider Robert Walpole, who led the government of the Kingdom of Great Britain for over twenty years from 1721,Template:Sfnm to be the first prime minister. Walpole is also the longest-serving British prime minister by this definition.Template:Sfn The first prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was William Pitt the Younger at its creation on 1 January 1801.Template:Sfnm The first to use the title in an official act was Benjamin Disraeli who signed the 1878 Treaty of Berlin as "Prime Minister of Her Britannic Majesty".Template:Sfn
In 1905, the post of prime minister was officially given recognition in the order of precedence,Template:Sfn with the incumbent Henry Campbell-Bannerman the first officially referred to as "prime minister". The first prime minister of the current United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland upon its creation in 1922 (when 26 Irish counties seceded and created the Irish Free State) was Andrew Bonar Law,Template:Sfn although the country was not renamed officially until 1927, when Stanley Baldwin was the serving prime minister.Template:Sfn
The current prime minister is Keir Starmer, who assumed the office on 5 July 2024.
Before the Kingdom of Great Britain
Before the Union of England and Scotland in 1707, the Treasury of England was led by the Lord High Treasurer.Template:Sfn By the late Tudor period, the Lord High Treasurer was regarded as one of the Great Officers of State,Template:Sfn and was often (though not always) the dominant figure in government: Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (lord high treasurer, 1547–1549),Template:Sfn served as lord protector to his young nephew King Edward VI;Template:Sfn William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (lord high treasurer, 1572–1598),Template:Sfn was the dominant minister to Queen Elizabeth I;Template:Sfn Burghley's son Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, succeeded his father as Chief Minister to Elizabeth (1598–1603) and was eventually appointed by King James I as lord high treasurer (1608–1612).Template:Sfn
By the late Stuart period, the Treasury was often run not by a single individual (i.e., the lord high treasurer) but by a commission of lords of the Treasury,Template:Sfn led by the first lord of the Treasury. The last lords high treasurer, Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin (1702–1710) and Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford (1711–1714),Template:Sfnm ran the government of Queen Anne.Template:Sfn
From 1707 to 1721
Following the succession of George I in 1714, the arrangement of a commission of lords of the Treasury (as opposed to a single lord high treasurer) became permanent.Template:Sfn For the next three years, the government was headed by Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, who was appointed Secretary of State for the Northern Department.Template:Sfn Subsequently, Lords Stanhope and Sunderland ran the government jointly,Template:Sfnm with Stanhope managing foreign affairs and Sunderland domestic.Template:Sfnm Stanhope died in February 1721 and Sunderland resigned two months later;Template:Sfnm Townshend and Robert Walpole were then invited to form the next government.Template:Sfnm From that point, the holder of the Template:Em of first lord also usually (albeit unofficially) held the status of prime minister. It was not until the Edwardian era that the title Template:Em was constitutionally recognised.Template:Sfn The prime minister still holds the office of first lord by constitutional convention,Template:Sfn the only exceptions being the Earl of Chatham and the Marquess of Salisbury.Template:Sfnm
Since 1721
Prime ministers
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Disputed prime ministers
Due to the gradual evolution of the post of prime minister, the title is applied to early prime ministers only retrospectively;Template:Sfn this has sometimes given rise to academic dispute. William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, and James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, are sometimes listed as prime ministers.Template:Sfn Bath was invited to form a ministry by George II when Henry Pelham resigned in 1746,Template:Sfn as was Waldegrave in 1757 after the dismissal of William Pitt the Elder,Template:Sfn who dominated the affairs of government during the Seven Years' War. Neither was able to command sufficient parliamentary support to form a government; Bath stepped down after two daysTemplate:Sfn and Waldegrave after four.Template:Sfn Modern academic consensus does not consider either man to have held office as prime minister;Template:SfnTemplate:Not in source they are therefore listed separately. Template:Plainlist
| Portrait | Prime ministerTemplate:SmalldivTemplate:Smalldiv | Term of office | MandateTemplate:Efn | Ministerial offices held as prime minister | Party | Government | MonarchTemplate:Smalldiv | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Duration | ||||||||
| rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color" |Template:Zwsp | William Pulteney | Template:ResizeTemplate:NbspTemplate:Smalldiv | Template:Smalldiv 1746 | Template:Smalldiv 1746 | Template:Smalldiv | Template:Party shading/Whigs | – | Template:Smalldiv | rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | class=nowrap Template:Party shading/Whigs | Short Lived | George II |
| James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave | Template:ResizeTemplate:NbspTemplate:Smalldiv | Template:Smalldiv 1757 | Template:Smalldiv 1757 | Template:Smalldiv | Template:Party shading/Whigs | – | Template:Smalldiv | class=nowrap Template:Party shading/Whigs | Waldegrave | |||
List notes
Timeline
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id:whig value:rgb(1,0.5,0) legend: Whig id:tory value:rgb(0.2,0.2,0.8) legend: Tory id:conservative value:rgb(0,0.53,0.86) legend: Conservative id:peelite value:rgb(0.6,1,0.6) legend: Peelite id:liberal value:rgb(1,0.84,0) legend: Liberal id:labour value:rgb(0.86,0.08,0.18) legend: Labour id:natlabour value:rgb(0,0.5,0) legend: National_Labour id:independent value:rgb(0.6,0.6,0.6) legend: Independent_or_no_party id:liteline value:gray(0.9) id:line value:rgb(0.7,0.7,0.7)
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bar:Walpole bar:Wilmington bar:Pelham bar:Newcastle bar:Devonshire bar:Bute bar:GrenvilleG bar:Rockingham bar:PittSr bar:Grafton bar:North bar:Shelburne bar:Portland bar:PittJr bar:Addington bar:GrenvilleW bar:Perceval bar:Liverpool bar:Canning bar:Goderich bar:Wellington bar:Grey bar:Melbourne bar:Peel bar:Russell bar:Derby bar:Aberdeen bar:Palmerston bar:Disraeli bar:Gladstone bar:Salisbury bar:Rosebery bar:Balfour bar:CBannerman bar:Asquith bar:LloydGeorge bar:Law bar:Baldwin bar:MacDonald bar:Chamberlain bar:Churchill bar:Attlee bar:Eden bar:Macmillan bar:DHome bar:Wilson bar:Heath bar:Callaghan bar:Thatcher bar:Major bar:Blair bar:Brown bar:Cameron bar:May bar:Johnson bar:Truss bar:Sunak bar:Starmer
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width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:Walpole from: 1721 till: 1742 color:whig text:"Robert Walpole" bar:Wilmington from: 1742 till: 1743 color:whig text:"The Earl of Wilmington" bar:Pelham from: 1743 till: 1754 color:whig text:"Henry Pelham" bar:Newcastle from: 1754 till: 1756 color:whig from: 1757 till: 1762 color:whig text:"The Duke of Newcastle" bar:Devonshire from: 1756 till: 1757 color:whig text:"The Duke of Devonshire" bar:Bute from: 1762 till: 1763 color:tory text:"The Earl of Bute" bar:GrenvilleG from: 1763 till: 1765 color:whig text:"George Grenville" bar:Rockingham from: 1765 till: 1766 color:whig from: 1782 till: 1782 color:whig text:"The Marquess of Rockingham" bar:PittSr from: 1766 till: 1768 color:whig text:"The Earl of Chatham (William Pitt the Elder)" bar:Grafton from: 1768 till: 1770 color:whig text:"The Duke of Grafton" bar:North from: 1770 till: 1782 color:tory text:"Lord North" bar:Shelburne from: 1782 till: 1783 color:whig text:"The Earl of Shelburne" bar:Portland from: 1783 till: 1783 color:whig from: 1807 till: 1809 color:tory text:"The Duke of Portland" bar:PittJr from: 1783 till: 1801 color:tory from: 1804 till: 1806 color:tory text:"William Pitt the Younger" bar:Addington from: 1801 till: 1804 color:tory text:"Henry Addington" bar:GrenvilleW from: 1806 till: 1807 color:whig text:"The Lord Grenville" bar:Perceval from: 1809 till: 1812 color:tory text:"Spencer Perceval" bar:Liverpool from: 1812 till: 1827 color:tory text:"The Earl of Liverpool" bar:Canning from: 1827 till: 1827 color:tory text:"George Canning" bar:Goderich from: 1827 till: 1828 color:tory text:"The Viscount Goderich" bar:Wellington from: 1828 till: 1830 color:tory from: 1834 till: 1834 color:tory text:"The Duke of Wellington" bar:Grey from: 1830 till: 1834 color:whig text:"The Earl Grey" bar:Melbourne from: 1834 till: 1834 color:whig from: 1835 till: 1841 color:whig text:"The Viscount Melbourne" bar:Peel from: 1834 till: 1835 color:conservative from: 1841 till: 1846 color:conservative text:"Robert Peel" bar:Russell from: 1846 till: 1852 color:whig from: 1865 till: 1866 color:liberal text:"The Earl Russell (Lord John Russell)" bar:Derby from: 1852 till: 1852 color:conservative from: 1858 till:1859 color:conservative from: 1866 till: 1868 color:conservative text:"The Earl of Derby" bar:Aberdeen from: 1852 till: 1855 color:peelite text:"The Earl of Aberdeen" bar:Palmerston from: 1855 till: 1858 color:whig from: 1859 till: 1865 color:liberal text:"The Viscount Palmerston" bar:Disraeli from: 1868 till: 1868 color:conservative from: 1874 till: 1880 color:conservative text:"The Earl of Beaconsfield (Benjamin Disraeli)" bar:Gladstone from: 1868 till: 1874 color:liberal from: 1880 till: 1885 color:liberal from: 1886 till: 1886 color:liberal from: 1892 till: 1894 color:liberal text:"William Ewart Gladstone" bar:Salisbury from: 1885 till: 1886 color:conservative from: 1886 till: 1892 color:conservative from: 1895 till: 1902 color:conservative text:"The Marquess of Salisbury" bar:Rosebery from: 1894 till: 1895 color:liberal text:"The Earl of Rosebery" bar:Balfour from: 1902 till: 1905 color:conservative text:"Arthur Balfour" bar:CBannerman from: 1905 till: 1908 color:liberal text:"Henry Campbell-Bannerman" bar:Asquith from: 1908 till: 1916 color:liberal text:"Herbert Henry Asquith" bar:LloydGeorge from: 1916 till: 1922 color:liberal text:"David Lloyd George" bar:Law from: 1922 till: 1923 color:conservative text:"Andrew Bonar Law" bar:Baldwin from: 1923 till: 1924 color:conservative from: 1924 till: 1929 color:conservative from: 1935 till: 1937 color:conservative text:"Stanley Baldwin" bar:MacDonald from: 1924 till: 1924 color:labour from: 1929 till: 1931 color:labour from: 1931 till: 1935 color:natlabour text:"Ramsay MacDonald" bar:Chamberlain from: 1937 till: 1940 color:conservative text:"Neville Chamberlain" bar:Churchill from: 1940 till: 1945 color:conservative from: 1951 till: 1955 color:conservative text:"Winston Churchill" bar:Attlee from: 1945 till: 1951 color:labour text:"Clement Attlee" bar:Eden from: 1955 till: 1957 color:conservative text:"Anthony Eden" bar:Macmillan from: 1957 till: 1963 color:conservative text:"Harold Macmillan" bar:DHome from: 1963 till: 1964 color:conservative text:"Alec Douglas-Home" bar:Wilson from: 1964 till: 1970 color:labour from: 1974 till: 1976 color:labour text:"Harold Wilson" bar:Heath from: 1970 till: 1974 color:conservative text:"Edward Heath" bar:Callaghan from: 1976 till: 1979 color:labour text:"James Callaghan" bar:Thatcher from: 1979 till: 1990 color:conservative text:"Margaret Thatcher" bar:Major from: 1990 till: 1997 color:conservative text:"John Major" bar:Blair from: 1997 till: 2007 color:labour text:"Tony Blair" bar:Brown from: 2007 till: 2010 color:labour text:"Gordon Brown" bar:Cameron from: 2010 till: 2016 color:conservative text:"David Cameron" bar:May from: 2016 till: 2019 color:conservative text:"Theresa May" bar:Johnson from: 2019 till: 2022 color:conservative text:"Boris Johnson" bar:Truss from: 2022 till: 2022 color:conservative text:"Liz Truss" bar:Sunak from: 2022 till: 2024 color:conservative text:"Rishi Sunak" bar:Starmer from: 2024 till: end color:labour text:"Keir Starmer"
</timeline>
See also
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- Category:British premierships
- List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by length of tenure
- List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by education
- Assassination of Spencer Perceval
- Downing Street
- List of British governments
- List of current heads of government in the United Kingdom and dependencies
- List of prime ministers of Queen Victoria (for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Empire)
- Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- List of United Kingdom general elections
- Royal prerogative in the United Kingdom
- List of government ministers of the United KingdomTemplate:Div col end
References
Citations
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Works cited
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Further reading
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External links
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Template:List of UK Prime Ministers
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- Pages with script errors
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- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
- Lists of prime ministers of the United Kingdom
- Lists of government ministers of the United Kingdom
- Lists of office-holders in the United Kingdom
- Prime ministers of the United Kingdom
- Lists of heads of government
- United Kingdom politics-related lists
- Lists of British people