Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The lieutenant governor of Massachusetts is the first in the line to discharge the powers and duties of the office of governor following the incapacitation of the governor of Massachusetts. The constitutional honorific title for the office is His, or Her, Honor.

The Massachusetts Constitution provides that when a governor dies, resigns, or is removed from office, the office of governor remains vacant for the rest of the four-year term. The lieutenant governor discharges powers and duties as acting governor and does not assume the office of governor.[1] The first time this came into use was five years after the constitution's adoption in 1785, when Governor John Hancock resigned his post five months before the election and inauguration of his successor, James Bowdoin, leaving Lieutenant Governor Thomas Cushing as acting governor.[2] Most recently, Jane Swift became acting governor when Paul Cellucci resigned in 2001 to become the U.S. Ambassador to Canada.[3]

When the governor is outside the borders of Massachusetts, the lieutenant governor exercises the power of the governor. Historically a one-year term, the office of lieutenant governor now carries a four-year term, the same as that of the governor. The lieutenant governor is not elected independently, but on a ticket with the governor. The 1780 constitution required a candidate for either office to have lived in Massachusetts for at least seven years immediately preceding election, own at least £1,000 worth of real property and to "declare himself to be of the Christian religion". However, only the residency requirement remains in effect, and both men and women have served in the office.[1][4] Amendment Article LXIV (1918) changed the election from every year to every two years, and Amendment Article LXXXII (1966) changed it again to every four years. The office is currently held by Kim Driscoll, who was inaugurated in January 2023.

Qualifications

Any person seeking to become Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts must meet the following requirements:[5]

  • Be at least eighteen years of age
  • Be a registered voter in Massachusetts
  • Be a Massachusetts resident for at least seven years when elected
  • Receive 10,000 signatures from registered voters on nomination papers

History

The role of the lieutenant governor has its roots in the role of the deputy governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Originally the deputy, along with the governor, and the Council of Assistants were elected by freemen of the colony. They served as executives in the governance of the colony but also as executive officers of the Company of Massachusetts Bay. Originally these royal officers were to remain in London, as was the case with other royal colonial companies. However, John Humphrey and John Winthrop, the first deputy and governor respectively, traveled to the colony instead. In the colonial era the governor and deputy served as chief magistrates along with the Council, and the governor served as general of the militia and the deputy as Colonel.

In the early days of the colony the deputy governor was elected to a one year term along with the governor. With the revocation of the charter of 1629 and the establishment of the Dominion of New England, all this was changed. Now the Royal Officers were to be appointed by the King and Privy Council. They were to follow royal directive and serve the interests of the Crown. The Royal Government in Great Britain was frustrated with their lack of control of the New England colonies and sought to reassert their authority.

Now styled "Lieutenant Governor", the new royal appointees came into conflict with the colonists and General Court who wished to regain authority of provincial affairs. The last Lieutenant Governor was Thomas Oliver who served with Gen. Thomas Gage.

Constitutional role

Part the Second, Chapter II, Section II, Article I of the Massachusetts Constitution reads,[1]

There shall be annually elected a lieutenant governor of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, whose title shall be, His Honor and who shall be qualified, in point of religion, property, and residence in the commonwealth, in the same manner with the governor: and the day and manner of his or her election, and the qualifications of the electors, shall be the same as are required in the election of a governor.

The lieutenant governor also serves ex officio as a member of the Massachusetts Governor's Council.

Other functions

Massachusetts law provides for the lieutenant governor to serve as the chairman of the award selection committee for the Madeline Amy Sweeney Award for Civilian Bravery.[6]

Election

The lieutenant governor is typically elected on a joint ticket with the governor, ensuring that they have the same political party affiliation. The primary however is separate from the governor. When the state constitution was first enacted in 1780, elections for the two offices were independent, and were held annually. Constitutional amendments enacted in 1918 extended the terms of both offices to two years, with elections in even-numbered years. In 1964 the constitution was amended again to extend the terms to four years,[7] and in 1966 to allow for the grouping of governor and lieutenant governor on the ballot by political party.[8] Elections are held in even-numbered years that are not presidential election years.

List of lieutenant governors

Lieutenant governors who acted as governor during a portion of their terms (due to vacancy by death or resignation in the governor's seat) are marked by asterisks (*).

No. Lieutenant Governor Term in office Political party Governor(s)
Parties
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1 File:Thomas Cushing, Member of Continental Congress.jpg Thomas Cushing* 1780–1788 Independent John Hancock (I)
James Bowdoin (I)
2 File:General Benjamin Lincoln-restored.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Benjamin Lincoln 1788–1789 Federalist John Hancock (I)
3 File:Samuel Adams by John Singleton Copley (cropped).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Samuel Adams 1789–1794 Democratic-Republican John Hancock (I)
4 File:Moses Gill - John Singleton Copley, circa 1759.jpg Moses Gill* 1794–1800 Independent Samuel Adams (DR)
Increase Sumner (F)
Office vacant from May 20, 1800 – Template:Data missing, 1801 Governor's Council
Caleb Strong (F)
5 File:Judge Samuel Phillips, Jr.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Samuel Phillips Jr. 1801–1802 Federalist Caleb Strong (F)
6 File:Edward Hutchinson Robbins.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Edward Robbins 1802–1806 Democratic-Republican Caleb Strong (F)
Office vacant from Template:Data missing, 1806 – May 29, 1807 Caleb Strong (F)
7 File:Levi Lincoln Sr. by William Sullivan (cropped).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Levi Lincoln Sr.* 1807–1809 Democratic-Republican James Sullivan (DR)
8 File:David Cobb.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  David Cobb 1809–1810 Federalist Christopher Gore (F)
9 File:William Gray.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  William Gray 1810–1812 Democratic-Republican Elbridge Gerry (DR)
10 File:Gilbert Stuart - Portrait of William Phillips - 13.792 - Rhode Island School of Design Museum.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  William Phillips Jr. 1812–1823 Federalist Caleb Strong (F)
John Brooks (F)
11 File:Levi Lincoln, Jr.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Levi Lincoln Jr. 1823–1824 Democratic-Republican William Eustis (DR)
12 File:Marcus Morton(good quality).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Marcus Morton* 1824–1825 Democratic-Republican William Eustis (DR)
13 File:Thomas Lindall Winthrop.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Thomas L. Winthrop 1825–1833 Democratic-Republican Levi Lincoln Jr. (NR, W)
14 File:Samuel Turell Armstrong.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Samuel T. Armstrong* 1833–1835 Whig John Davis (W)
15 style="background:Template:Party color;" |  George Hull 1836–1843 Whig Edward Everett (W)
Marcus Morton (D)
John Davis (W)
16 style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Henry H. Childs 1843–1844 Democratic Marcus Morton (D)
17 style="background:Template:Party color;" |  John Reed Jr. 1844–1851 Whig George N. Briggs (W)
18 File:Henry W. Cushman.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Henry W. Cushman 1851–1853 Democratic George S. Boutwell (D)
19 File:Thomas Bayley Lawson - Elisha Huntington (restored).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Elisha Huntington 1853–1854 Whig John H. Clifford (W)
20 style="background:Template:Party color;" |  William C. Plunkett 1854–1855 Whig Emory Washburn (W)
21 style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Simon Brown 1855–1856 Know Nothing Henry Gardner (KN)
22 File:Henry Wetherby Benchley.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Henry W. Benchley 1856–1858 Republican Henry Gardner (KN)
23 File:Eliphalet Trask.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Eliphalet Trask 1858–1861 Republican Nathaniel Prentice Banks (R)
24 File:JohnZGoodrich.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  John Z. Goodrich 1861 Republican John Albion Andrew (R)
25 File:John Nesmith.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  John Nesmith 1862 Republican John Albion Andrew (R)
26 style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Joel Hayden 1863–1866 Republican John Albion Andrew (R)
27 File:William Claflin - Brady-Handy.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  William Claflin 1866–1869 Republican Alexander H. Bullock (R)
28 File:Joseph Tucker (1832–1907).png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Joseph Tucker 1869–1873 Republican William Claflin (R)
William B. Washburn (R)
29 File:GovThomasTalbot.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Thomas Talbot* 1873–1875 Republican William B. Washburn (R)
30 File:Horatio Gates Knight.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Horatio G. Knight 1875–1879 Republican William Gaston (D)
Alexander H. Rice (R)
31 File:John Davis Long.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  John D. Long 1879–1880 Republican Thomas Talbot (R)
32 File:Byron Weston.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Byron Weston 1880–1883 Republican John Davis Long (R)
33 File:McLaurin(1902) pic.029 Governor AMES.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Oliver Ames 1883–1887 Republican Benjamin F. Butler (D, Greenback)
George D. Robinson (R)
34 File:JohnQABrackett.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  John Q. A. Brackett 1887–1890 Republican Oliver Ames (R)
35 File:William H. Haile.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  William H. Haile 1890–1893 Republican John Q. A. Brackett (R)
William Russell (D)
36 File:RogerWolcott (cropped).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Roger Wolcott* 1893–1896 Republican William Russell (D)
Frederic T. Greenhalge (R)
37 File:Winthrop Murray Crane.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Winthrop M. Crane 1897–1900 Republican Roger Wolcott (R)
38 File:GovJohnLBates.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  John L. Bates 1900–1903 Republican Winthrop Murray Crane (R)
39 File:American forests (18142692582).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Curtis Guild Jr. 1903–1906 Republican John L. Bates (R)
William Lewis Douglas (D)
40 File:Ebenezer Sumner Draper crop.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Eben S. Draper 1906–1909 Republican Curtis Guild Jr. (R)
41 File:Louis Adams Frothingham (1).png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Louis A. Frothingham 1909–1912 Republican Eben S. Draper (R)
Eugene Noble Foss (D)
42 File:Robert Luce.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Robert Luce 1912–1913 Republican Eugene Noble Foss (D)
43 File:WALSH, DAVID. GOVERNOR LCCN2016858784 (cropped).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  David I. Walsh 1913–1914 Democratic Eugene Noble Foss (D)
44 File:Edward P. Barry.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Edward P. Barry 1914–1915 Democratic David I. Walsh (D)
45 File:Grafton Dulany Cushing.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Grafton D. Cushing 1915–1916 Republican David I. Walsh (D)
46 File:29 Calvin Coolidge 3x4.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Calvin Coolidge 1916–1919 Republican Samuel W. McCall (R)
47 File:Channing H Cox.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Channing H. Cox 1919–1921 Republican Calvin Coolidge (R)
48 File:Alvin T Fuller.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Alvan T. Fuller 1921–1925 Republican Channing H. Cox (R)
49 File:Frank G Allen.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Frank G. Allen 1925–1929 Republican Alvan T. Fuller (R)
50 File:William S. Youngman.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  William S. Youngman 1929–1933 Republican Frank G. Allen (R)
51 File:Gaspar Griswold Bacon, Sr in his passport application.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Gaspar G. Bacon 1933–1935 Republican Joseph B. Ely (D)
52 style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Joseph L. Hurley 1935–1937 Democratic James Michael Curley (D)
53 File:Francis E. Kelly.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Francis E. Kelly 1937–1939 Democratic Charles F. Hurley (D)
54 File:1935 Horace Cahill Massachusetts House of Representatives.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Horace T. Cahill 1939–1945 Republican Leverett Saltonstall (R)
55 File:Robert F. Bradford (Massachusetts Governor) (3x4a).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Robert F. Bradford 1945–1947 Republican Maurice J. Tobin (D)
56 File:1945 Arthur Coolidge senator Massachusetts (3x4a).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Arthur W. Coolidge 1947–1949 Republican Robert F. Bradford (R)
57 File:1945 Charles F Jeff Sullivan senator Massachusetts.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Charles F. Sullivan 1949–1953 Democratic Paul A. Dever (D)
58 File:SumnerWhittier.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Sumner G. Whittier 1953–1957 Republican Christian Herter (R)
59 File:Robert F. Murphy Massachusetts (cropped).png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Robert F. Murphy 1957–1960[9] Democratic Foster Furcolo (D)
Office vacant from October 6, 1960 – January 5, 1961 Foster Furcolo (D)
60 File:Edward F. McLaughlin Jr.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Edward F. McLaughlin Jr. 1961–1963 Democratic John A. Volpe (R)
61 File:Francis X. Bellotti 1960s (cropped).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Francis Bellotti 1963–1965 Democratic Endicott Peabody (D)
62 File:Elliot L. Richardson.png style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Elliot Richardson 1965–1967 Republican John A. Volpe (R)
63 File:Governor Francis Sargent (cropped).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Francis Sargent* 1967–1971 Republican John A. Volpe (R)
64 File:1971 Donald Dwight Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Donald Dwight 1971–1975 Republican Francis W. Sargent (R)
65 File:Thomas P O'Neill III.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Thomas P. O'Neill III 1975–1983 Democratic Michael Dukakis (D)
Edward J. King (D)
66 File:John Kerry (9504751924).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  John Kerry 1983–1985 Democratic Michael Dukakis (D)
Office vacant from January 2, 1985 – January 8, 1987 Michael Dukakis (D)
67 File:Evelyn Murphy (9501950881).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Evelyn Murphy 1987–1991 Democratic Michael Dukakis (D)
68 File:Cellucci Paul (3x4a).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Paul Cellucci* 1991–1999 Republican William Weld (R)
69 File:Jane Swift gubernatorial photo.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Jane Swift* 1999–2003 Republican Paul Cellucci (R)
70 File:Kerry Healey official Lieutenant Governor portrait.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Kerry Healey 2003–2007 Republican Mitt Romney (R)
71 File:Tim murray.jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Tim Murray 2007–2013 Democratic Deval Patrick (D)
Office vacant from June 2, 2013 – January 8, 2015 Deval Patrick (D)
72 File:Karyn Polito official photo (cropped).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Karyn Polito 2015–2023 Republican Charlie Baker (R)
73 File:Kim Driscoll, official portrait, lieutenant governor (3x4).jpg style="background:Template:Party color;" |  Kim Driscoll 2023–present Democratic Maura Healey (D)

See also

References

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  4. ↑ Amendments: Article VII removed the religious oath, Article XXXIV removed the property requirement,
  5. ↑ Candidate Guide sec.state.ma.us Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Mass. Const. Amendments Art. LXIV
  8. ↑ Mass. Const. Amendments Art. LXXVI
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Script error: No such module "navbox". Template:Lieutenant Governors of Massachusetts Template:Current Massachusetts statewide political officials Template:Massachusetts government Template:Current U.S. Lieutenant Governors Template:Lists of lieutenant governors by U.S. state

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