Lemko Region

File:Lemko Region with modern state borders (English).png

Map of Lemkovyna according to World federation of Ukrainian Lemko organizations

File:Map of Ukrainian dialects en.png

The Lemko dialect is sometimes considered a variety of the Ukrainian language, the Rusyn language, or separate from both.Template:According to whom On the above map of Ukrainian dialects part of the region where Lemko was spoken is westernmost area in grey dotted with red diamonds, but the actual area extends far to the west and also to the south across the border with Slovakia.

File:LemkoL.png

  Northern border of the Lemko Region in Poland according to Roman Reinfuss

  Polish settlement

  Lemko settlement

The Lemko Region (Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is an ethnographic area in southern Poland and Northern Eastern Slovakia that has traditionally been inhabited by the Lemko people. The land stretches approximately Template:Convert long and Template:Convert wide along the north side of the Carpathian Mountains, following the Polish-Slovak border from the Poprad River. In the East, the region is described as either terminating linguistically between the Wisłok and Osława Rivers, or ethnographically at the Sanok River (depending on the author), where it meets the Boyko region. Some even go so far as to consider it to extend south into the Prešov Region, Slovakia.

Previously a frontier area under the nominal control of Great Moravia, the Lemko Region became part of Poland in medieval Piast times. It was made part of the Austrian province of Galicia due to the First Partition of Poland in 1772. Parts were briefly independent under the Lemko-Rusyn Republic and Komancza Republic, and later annexed to Poland.

Most Lemkos in Poland were deported from their ancestral region as part of Operation Vistula in 1946, and only a small part of them remains there today, the rest being scattered across the Recovered Territories.

The landscape is typical of medium-height-mountain terrain, with ridges reaching Template:Convert and sometimes Template:Convert. Only small parts of the southern Low Beskids and the northern San river region have a low-mountain landscape. Even so, the region still occupies some of the lowest elevations in the Carpathians: most of the Low Beskids, the western part of the Middle Beskids, and the eastern fringe of the Western Beskids. Conversely, it also includes much of the higher elevations of the Carpathians within modern-day Poland, which extend approximately to the Poprad River in the west (see: Ruś Szlachtowska). A series of mountain passes along the Torysa River and Poprad River (Tylych Pass Template:Convert; Dukla Pass, Template:Convert; and Łupków Pass, Template:Convert) facilitate communication between Galician and Transcarpathian Lemkos.

Publications

• "Łemkowie Grupa Etniczna czy Naród"?, [The Lemkos: An Ethnic Group or a Nation?], trans. Template:Interlanguage link
• "The Lemkos of Poland" - Articles and Essays, editor Paul Best and Jarosław Moklak
• "The Lemko Region, 1939–1947 War, Occupation and Deportation" - Articles and Essays, editor Paul Best and Jarosław Moklak, Template:ISBN (avail. from: Inter-Ed, Inc, New Haven, CT)

See also

• Muzeum Budownictwa Ludowego w Sanoku
• Lemko-Rusyn Republic
• Komancza Republic
• Operation Vistula

External links

• SFULO - World federation of Ukrainian Lemko Unions
• LEMKY.COM - Lemkos Portal
• Magazine "Lemkivshchyna"
• lemko.org