Lauderdale County, Tennessee
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Lauderdale County is a county located on the western edge of the U.S. state of Tennessee, with its border the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,143. Its county seat is Ripley.[1] Since the antebellum years, it has been developed for cotton as a major commodity crop.
History
Lauderdale County was created in 1835 from parts of Tipton, Dyer and Haywood counties. It was named for Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale, who was killed at the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812.[2] Planters developed large cotton plantations along the waterways, and used enslaved African Americans in gangs to work and process this commodity crop. After the American Civil War, many freedmen initially stayed in the area, working the land as sharecroppers or tenant farmers. Whites used violence to enforce white supremacy after the war, continuing after Reconstruction. In the period after Reconstruction and into the early 20th century, whites in Lauderdale County committed eight lynchings of Black people. This was the fifth-highest total of any county in the state, but three other counties also had eight lynchings each in this period.[3]
Battle of Fort Pillow
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In 1864, Confederates attacked and overran the fort's Union defenders, who were about evenly split between white and black soldiers. They were reported to have refused to surrender, but historians have disputed this account. The Confederates gave the soldiers no quarter, and killed black soldiers in twice the proportion of white ones. After the Union Army established the United States Colored Troops (USCT), made up of numerous recruits who were escaped slaves, Southern military officials vowed to kill them rather than take them prisoner.[4] People in the North considered this event to be a massacre, and blacks in the Union Army used the cry, "Remember Fort Pillow!" to rally during the remainder of the war.
Fort Pillow State Park has a museum to interpret the battle and also has reconstructed fortifications on the original site of the fort.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (7.0%) is water.[5] The county's western boundary is formed by the Mississippi River, its northern boundary with Dyer County is formed by the Forked Deer River, and its southern boundary with Haywood County is formed by the Hatchie River.[2]
Lauderdale County is situated on the southeastern edge of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, an area with a high earthquake risk.
Adjacent counties
- Dyer County (north)
- Crockett County (east)
- Haywood County (southeast)
- Tipton County (south)
- Mississippi County, Arkansas (west)
National protected areas
State protected areas
- Cold Creek Wildlife Management Area
- Fort Pillow State Park
- Alex Haley House and Museum (state historic site)
- Sunk Lake State Natural Area
- John Tully State Forest
- John Tully Wildlife Management Area
Major roads
- Future Interstate 69
- U.S. Highway 51
- Tennessee State Route 19 (Tina Turner Highway)
- Tennessee State Route 87
- Tennessee State Route 88
- Tennessee State Route 180
- Tennessee State Route 181
- Tennessee State Route 371
Demographics
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| Census | Pop. | Template:Sronly | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1840 | 3,435 | — | |
| 1850 | 5,169 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1860 | 7,559 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1870 | 10,838 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1880 | 14,918 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1890 | 18,756 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1900 | 21,971 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1910 | 21,105 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1920 | 21,494 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1930 | 23,406 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1940 | 24,461 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1950 | 25,047 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1960 | 21,844 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1970 | 20,271 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1980 | 24,555 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1990 | 23,491 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2000 | 27,101 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2010 | 27,815 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2020 | 25,143 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[6] 1790-1960[7] 1900-1990[8] 1990-2000[9] 2010-2020[10] 2020[11] | |||
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2020 census
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White (non-Hispanic) | 15,016 | 59.72% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 8,385 | 33.35% |
| Native American | 133 | 0.53% |
| Asian | 53 | 0.21% |
| Other/Mixed | 969 | 3.85% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 587 | 2.33% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 25,143 people, 9,583 households, and 6,753 families residing in the county. The median age was 40.0 years, with 21.9% of residents under the age of 18 and 16.9% 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 92.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 88.2 males.[13]
Of the 9,583 households, 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living in them; 38.5% were married-couple households, 19.9% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 34.8% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[13]
There were 10,653 housing units, of which 10.0% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 61.1% were owner-occupied and 38.9% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2% and the rental vacancy rate was 6.7%.[13]
27.5% of residents lived in urban areas, while 72.5% lived in rural areas.[14]
2000 census
As of the census[15] of 2000, there were 27,101 people, 9,567 households, and 6,811 families residing in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 10,563 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 63.82% White, 34.08% Black or African American, 0.62% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. 1.16% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 9,567 households, out of which 32.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.70% were married couples living together, 17.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.80% were non-families. 25.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.80% under the age of 18, 10.30% from 18 to 24, 31.20% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 12.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 108.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.00 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $29,751, and the median income for a family was $36,841. Males had a median income of $28,325 versus $21,238 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,682. About 16.20% of families and 19.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.70% of those under age 18 and 26.50% of those age 65 or over.
Culture
Sleepy John Estes
Sleepy John Estes was a U.S. blues guitarist, songwriter and vocalist, born in Ripley, Tennessee.[16] He died on June 5, 1977, in his home of 17 years in Brownsville, Haywood County, Tennessee.[17][18][19] Sleepy John is buried at Elam Baptist Church Cemetery in Durhamville, Lauderdale County.[19]
Veterans' Museum in Halls
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The Veterans' Museum on the grounds of the former Dyersburg Army Air Base in Halls is dedicated to the preservation and documentation of materials related to military activities from World War I to the present day wars and conflicts, as well as documenting the history of the air base itself.
Government and infrastructure
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The Tennessee Department of Corrections operates the West Tennessee State Penitentiary in unincorporated Lauderdale County, near Henning.[20] Previously the Cold Creek Correctional Facility was located in the area.[21]
Communities
City
- Ripley (county seat)
Town
Unincorporated communities
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Education
All parts of the county are in the Lauderdale County School District.[22]
Notable natives
- Sleepy John Estes, blues guitarist born in Ripley
- Alex Haley - author of Roots
- Jim Hickman - Professional Baseball All-Star
- Miles O'Keeffe, television and film actor best known for starring in the 1981 film Tarzan, the Ape Man, and the Ator movies.
- Cary Middlecoff, professional golfer on the PGA Tour known as “Mr. 59” for the lowest score during a PGA event born in Halls, Tennessee.
See also
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References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Lynching in America, Third Edition: Supplement by County Template:Webarchive, p. 9, Equal Justice Initiative, Mobile, AL, 2017
- ↑ John Cimprich and Robert C. Mainfort, Jr., "Fort Pillow Revisited", 1982, in Race and Recruitment, ed. John David Smith, Kent State University Press, 2013, p. 214
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- ↑ Biography at 7digital.com from the Encyclopedia of Popular Music - accessed February 2008 Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Bob Koester and Ray Harmon, Sleepy John Estes Template:Webarchive, All About Jazz. Retrieved: February 17, 2013.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "West Tennessee State Penitentiary." Tennessee Department of Correction. Retrieved on September 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Cold Creek Correctional Facility." Tennessee Department of Correction. February 3, 1999. Updated July 13, 1998. Retrieved on September 26, 2010.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". - Text list
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External links
- The Lauderdale County Home Page
- Lauderdale Chamber / Economic and Community Development
- Lauderdale County, TNGenWeb - free genealogy resources for the county
- Lauderdale County Department of Education
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