Lashkar-e-Jhangvi

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The Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ) Template:Langx, Army of Jhangvi) was a Deobandi terrorist organisation[1] driven by a Takfiri Anti-Shia ideology[2] based in Afghanistan.[3] The LeJ was an offshoot of anti-Shia party Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP). The LeJ was founded by former SSP activists Riaz Basra, Malik Ishaq, Akram Lahori, and Ghulam Rasool Shah.[4] The LeJ operated in Pakistan and Afghanistan until 2024.[5]

The LeJ had claimed responsibility for various mass casualty attacks against the Shia community in Pakistan,[6] including multiple bombings that killed over 200 Hazara Shias in Quetta in 2013. It had also been linked to the Mominpura Graveyard attack in 1998, the abduction of Daniel Pearl in 2002, and the attack on the Sri Lankan cricket team in Lahore in 2009.[7][8] A predominantly Punjabi and Pashtun group,[9] the LeJ had been labelled by Pakistani intelligence officials as one of the country's most dangerous terrorist organization.[10]

Basra, the first Emir of LeJ, was killed in a police encounter in 2002. He was succeeded by Malik Ishaq, who was also killed, along with Ghulam Rasool Shah, in an encounter in Muzaffargarh in 2015.[11] LeJ was banned by Pakistan in August 2001.[12] The LeJ remained active until 2024, and had been designated as a terrorist organization by Australia,[13] Canada,[14] Pakistan,[15] United Kingdom,[16] United States,[17] NATO, Iran, the European Union, and the United Nations.[18]

Formation

Basra, along with Akram Lahori and Malik Ishaq, separated from Sipah-e-Sahaba and formed Lashkar-e-Jhangvi in 1996. ("Almost the entire leadership" of the group, is made up of "people who fought in Afghanistan".)[19] The newly formed group took its name from Sunni cleric Haq Nawaz Jhangvi who led anti-Shia violence in the 1980s, one of the founders of the Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan(SSP).[4] LJ's founders believed that the SSP had strayed from Jhangvi's ideals.[6][20] Jhangvi was killed in an attack by Shia militants in 1990. Malik Ishaq, the operational chief of LJ, was released after 14 years by the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 14 July 2011, after the Court dropped 34 of the 44 charges against him, involving the killing of around 100 people, and granted him bail in the remaining 10 cases due to lack of evidence.[21][22][23][24] In 2013, Ishaq was arrested at his home in Rahim Yar Khan of the Punjab province.[25]

Activities

LJ initially directed most of its attacks against the Pakistani Shia Muslim community. It also claimed responsibility for the 1997 killing of four U.S. oil workers in Karachi. Lashkar-e-Jhangvi attempted to assassinate Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 1999.[26] Basra himself was killed in 2002 when an attack he was leading on a Shia settlement near Multan failed. Basra was killed due to the cross-fire between his group and police assisted by armed local Shia residents.

  • In April 1999 the nephew of the then worldwide Khalifa, Mirza Tahir Ahmad, of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community was assassinated. Some have since alleged the attack was carried about by Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.[27]
  • In March 2002 LJ members bombed a bus, killing 15 people, including 11 French citizens.[28]
  • On 17 March 2002 at 11:00 am, two members of the Lashkar-e-Jhangvi bombed the International Protestant Church in Islamabad during a church service. Five people were killed, including two American women, two Pakistanis and an Afghan man. Forty-one more people were injured, including 27 foreigners. In July 2002 Pakistani police killed one of the alleged perpetrators and arrested four Lashkar-e-Jhangvi members in connection with the church attack. The LJ members confessed to the killings and said the attack was in retaliation for the U.S. attack on Afghanistan.
  • The Pakistani government Interior Ministry said that the suicide bomber involved in the assassination of Benazir Bhutto,[29] along with the death of 20 others in Rawalpindi, belonged to Lashkar-e-Jhangvi on 27 December 2007.[29]
  • Authorities believe Mohammed Aqeel, an LJ member, was the mastermind behind the March 2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team.[30]
  • Claimed responsibility for 2011 Hazara Town shooting in Pakistan killing 8 people.
  • LJ claimed responsibility for killing 26 Shia pilgrims on 20 September 2011 in the Mastung area of Balochistan. The pilgrims were travelling on a bus to Iran.[31][32] In addition, 2 others were killed in a follow-up attack on a car on its way to rescue the survivors of the bus attack.
  • Afghan President Hamid Karzai blamed LJ for a bombing that killed 59 people at Abu Fazal shrine in the Murad Khane district of Kabul on 6 December 2011. Most of the dead were pilgrims marking Ashoura, the holiest day in the Shia calendar.[33][34]
  • Lashkar-i-Jhangvi claimed responsibility for 13 lives lost in brutal attack on Shia pilgrims.[35] in Quetta on 28 June: At least 13 people, two women and a policeman among them, were killed and over 20 others injured on Thursday in a bomb attack on a bus mainly carrying Shia pilgrims returning from Iran. Most of the pilgrims belonged to the Hazara community.
  • Claimed responsibility for January 2013 Pakistan bombings in Pakistan killing 125 people.[36]
  • Claimed responsibility for February 2013 Quetta bombings in Pakistan killing 81 and wounding 178, mostly Shia people.[37]
  • Claimed responsibility for 15 June 2013 Quetta bombings in Pakistan.[38]
  • Claimed responsibility for the January 2014 attempted bombing of a school which killed one of its students, Aitzaz Hasan in Pakistan.[39]
  • Claimed responsibility for January 2014 bombing in Mastung Balochistan killing 28 Zaireen/ Hazara Community.[40][41]
  • Claimed responsibility of assassination of Pakistani politician Shuja Khanzada in August 2015.[42]
  • Claimed responsibility for 23 December 2015 Parachinar bombing which killed 25 people and injured another 62.[43]
  • Claimed responsibility for attack on Police training center Quetta in Balochistan on 24 October 2016, killing at least 61 people including cadets and army officers and injuring more than 165.[44][45]
  • Claimed responsibility for the 12 April 2019 Quetta bombing killing 21 people including At least ten Hazaras, including nine Shias and 2 paramilitary soldiers.[46]

Headquarters

Officials from Zabul province had claimed that Lashkar-e-Jhangvi had a sanctuary in southern Afghanistan.[47] Early on in 2016, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi leader Yousuf Mansoor Khurasani had survived an insider attack in southern Afghanistan.[48] After the groups dissolution or desolation in 2024 its remants had fled to southern Afghanistan and In 2025 following the crackdown by the Afghan government against the anti-Pakistan elements inside the afghan soil its remnants withdrew from Southern Afghanistan as Pakistan and Afghanistan agree not to allow terror attacks from their territories against each other.[49]

Affiliations

LeJ has ties to the Pakistani Taliban (TTP), the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), Sipah-e-Sahaba (SeS), Ahle Sunnat Wal jamaat (ASWJ), Islamic State – Khorasan Province (IS-KP), Al-Qaeda and Jundallah.[50] Investigation found that Al Qaeda has been involved with training of LJ. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Upon the death of Riaz Basra in May 2002, correspondence between al-Qaeda and LeJ seems to have stopped.[6]

Designation as a terrorist organization

The Government of Pakistan had designated LeJ as a terrorist organisation in August 2001, and the U.S. had classified it as a Foreign Terrorist Organization under U.S. law in January 2003.[17] As a result, its finances were blocked worldwide by the U.S government.

Decline

The organization came to decline in the early 2020s with much of its leadership killed, executed or captured by Pakistani Security Forces and rivalry from Shia militant groups (like Sipah-e-Muhammad, Tehreek-e-Jaffaria, Liwa Zainebiyoun) contributed to its decline the last incident with organization was in July 2024, when its four senior members were killed by Security forces during an intelligence based Counterterrorism operation in Jhang. After this, the organization has claimed no attacks and non have been reported by Pakistani authorities and is considered to be defunct. Experts have described the decline of organization as a significant boost for the Government of Pakistan against Terrorism.[51][52]

See also

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References

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  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Rory McCarthy Death by design The Guardian (UK). Friday 17 May 2002.
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  48. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ 18 Shias Killed in Pak Bus Massacre Script error: No such module "webarchive". PTI | Rezaul H Laskar | Islamabad | 28 February 2012
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

External links

An early version of this article was adapted from the public domain U.S. federal government sources. Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia

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