Kure, Hiroshima
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Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a city in the Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. since 30 April 2023[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the city had an estimated population of 208,024 in 106,616 households and a population density of 590 persons per km2.[1] The total area of the city is Script error: No such module "convert".. With a strong industrial and naval heritage, Kure hosts the second-oldest naval dockyard in Japan and remains an important base for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.
History
The area of Kure is part of ancient Aki Province, and the port of Kure was an important seaport for Hiroshima Domain in the Edo period.
The Kure Naval District was first established in 1889, leading to the construction of the Kure Naval Arsenal and the rapid growth of steel production and shipbuilding in the city. Kure was formally incorporated on October 1, 1902. From 1889 until the end of the Pacific War, the city served as the headquarters of the Kure Naval District.
Kure dockyards recorded a number of significant engineering firsts including the launching of the first major domestically built capital ship, the battlecruiser Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (1905)[2] and the launching of the largest battleship ever built, the Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (1940).[3]
During the Pacific War, Kure acted as the Imperial Japanese Navy's single-largest naval base and arsenal. Most of the city's industry and workforce were employed in the service of the naval installations, munitions factories and associated support functions. In the later stages of the conflict Kure came under sustained aerial bombardment culminating in the bombing of Kure in June and July 1945.
From February 1946 until the end of Japan's postwar occupation in 1952, military establishments in Kure served as the operational headquarters for the British Commonwealth Occupation Force.
Since 2005, Kure has attracted attention as a tourism center with the Yamato Museum hosting a 1:10 scale model of the Yamato alongside a waterfront JMSDF museum of Japanese naval history.
The city continues as a major maritime center hosting both the dockyards of Japan Marine United and numerous shore-based facilities of the JMSDF including training centers and a major hospital. The city serves as the home port of an Escort Flotilla (Destroyers), a Submarine Flotilla and the Training Squadron of the JMSDF Regional Kure District.
Historic timeline
- July 1, 1889 — Kure Naval District established.
- 1895 — Kure naval shipyard established, initially as a subsidiary of the Onohama Shipyards in Kobe.
- October 1, 1902 — The towns of Washō and Futagawa and the villages of Miyahara and Sōyamada merge to form the city of Kure.
- November 10, 1903 — Kure Naval Arsenal established.
- December 27, 1903 Kure rail line opens providing direct rail access to Hiroshima
- April 1, 1928 — The towns of Kegoya, Yoshiura, and Aga merge into Kure.
- April 21, 1941 — The town of Nigata and the village of Hiro incorporated into Kure.
- March 19, 1945 — US Navy aircraft attack Japanese warships at Kure
- May 5, 1945 — Bombing of Hiro Naval Arsenal.
- June 22, 1945 — Bombing of Kure Naval Arsenal.
- July 1, 1945 — Kure Air Raid.
- July 24–28, 1945 — Battle of Kure, American bombers attack the remaining fleet in Kure Naval Base.
- July 1, 1954 — Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force founded.
- October 1, 1956 — The town of Tennō and the village of Shōwa in Aki District, and the village of Gōhara in Kamo District merge into Kure.
- November 1, 2000 — Kure becomes a Special City
- April 1, 2003 — The town of Shimokamagari (from Aki District) was merged into Kure.
- April 1, 2004 —The town of Kawajiri (from Toyota District) was merged into Kure.
- March 20, 2005 — The towns of Ondo, Kurahashi and Kamagari (all from Aki District), and the towns of Yasuura, Toyohama and Yutaka (all from Toyota District) were merged into Kure.
- April 1, 2016 — Kure officially became a Core city with increased local autonomy
Government
Kure has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 31 members. Kure contributes five members to the Hiroshima Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Hiroshima 5th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
List of mayors of Kure (from 1903 to present)
| # | Name | Term start | Term end | Japanese name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Giichiro Sakuma | 4 February 1903 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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8 June 1903 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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佐久間義一郎 |
| 2-3 | Kingo Arao | 27 August 1903 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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28 August 1911 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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荒尾金吾 |
| 4-5 | Toshio Sawahara | 28 November 1911 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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6 July 1917 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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沢原俊雄 |
| 6 | Kentaro Amano | 17 August 1917 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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16 August 1921 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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天野健太郎 |
| 7 | Kahei Shundo | 2 February 1922 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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16 June 1925 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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春藤嘉平 |
| 8 | Masaharu Hashimoto | 24 April 1925 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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11 March 1927 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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橋本正治 |
| 9 | Toichi Katsuta | 13 June 1927 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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25 November 1930 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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勝田登一 |
| 10 | Hideo Sasaki | 25 November 1930 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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21 December 1932 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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佐々木英雄 |
| 11 | Atsumu Watanabe | 26 December 1932 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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12 May 1935 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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渡辺伍 |
| 12 | Katsutaro Matsumoto | 13 June 1935 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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1 September 1936 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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松本勝太郎 |
| 12-13, 15 | Jinjiro Mizuno | 4 May 1937 14 January 1946 |
13 December 1941 15 November 1946 |
水野甚次郎 |
| 14 | Noboru Suzuki | 11 June 1942 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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10 January 1946 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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鈴木登 |
| 17-18 | Jyutsu Suzuki | 5 April 1947 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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21 March 1954 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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鈴木術 |
| 19-20 | Kenichi Matsumoto | 18 April 1954 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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31 October 1961 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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松本賢一 |
| 21-24 | Yoshito Okuhara | 19 November 1961 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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18 November 1977 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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奥原義人 |
| 25-28 | Ari Sasaki | 19 November 1977 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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18 November 1993 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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佐々木有 |
| 29-31 | Shinya Ogasawara | 19 November 1993 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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18 November 2005 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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小笠原臣也 |
| 32-34 | Kazutoshi Komura | 19 November 2005 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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18 November 2017 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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小村和年 |
| 35 | Yoshiake Shinhara | 19 November 2017 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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Present Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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新原芳明 |
Geography
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Kure is located Script error: No such module "convert". south-east of Hiroshima city and faces the Seto Inland Sea. Surrounded by steep hillsides to the north, the two major commercial and industrial centers of the city are bisected by Mount Yasumi Script error: No such module "convert".. The city is next to the Setonaikai National Park. As well as densely populated urban and industrial centers, the city also incorporates sparsely inhabited outlying islands such as Kurahashi-jima, Shimo-kamagari, Kami-kamagari and Toyoshima.
Adjoining municipalities
Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Kure has been declining for the past 40 years.
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Climate
Kure has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year and is heaviest in summer.
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Economy
- Disco Corporation has three manufacturing plants in Kure[4]
- Japan Marine United, formerly IHI Marine United, has a shipyard in the city[5]
- Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems
- Mitutoyo[6]
- Nisshin Steel
- Oji Paper Company
- Sailor Pen Company
- Yodogawa Steel Works
Education
Colleges and Universities
- Goko Academy
- Japan Coast Guard Academy
- Kure Kyosai Hospital Nursing College
- Kure University
- National Institute of Technology, Kure College
Primary and secondary education
Kure has 37 public elementary schools, 25 public junior high schools and one public high school operated by the city government, and seven public high school operated by the Hiroshima Prefectural Board of Education. There are also one private middle school and three price high schools. The prefecture also operates two special education schools for the disabled.
Transportation
Railway
File:JR logo (west).svg JR West (JR West) - Kure Line
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Highways
- File:JP Expressway E75.svg Higashihiroshima-Kure Expressway
- File:JP Expressway E31.svg Hiroshima-Kure Road
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Sister cities
since September 2017[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Kure has sister city agreements with the following cities.[7]
Sister cities
- Template:Flagdeco Bremerton, Washington, United States (since August 1970)
- Template:Flagdeco Marbella, Andalusia, Spain (since December 1990)
- Template:Flagdeco Jinhae-gu, Changwon, South Gyeongsang, South Korea (since October 1999)
- Template:Flagdeco Keelung, Taiwan (since April 2017)
Friendship cities
- Template:FlagdecoTemplate:Flagdeco Daisen, Tottori (since September 1995)
Friendship ports
- Template:Flagdeco Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China (since May 2001)
Local attractions
Museums
- Irifuneyama Memorial Museum
- JMSDF Kure Museum (Displaying Yūshio-class submarine Akishio), nicknamed Iron Whale Museum
- Kurahashi-cho Nagato Museum of Shipbuilding History
- Kure Municipal Museum of Art and Museum Avenue
- Rantokaku Art Museum
- Sannose Gohonjin Art and Culture
- Yamato Museum
Shrines
- Kameyama Shrine
Historical places
- Former Kure-chinjufu
- Former House of Prince Takamatsu
- House of Kimiyo Fujii
- Takechimaru anti-invasion cement ships
Parks and gardens
- Allay Karasu Kojima Park
- Kure Port-pia Park
- Nagasako Park
- Nikokyo Park
- Ondono-seto and Park
- Setonaikai National Park
- Rekishi-no-mieru-Oka and Park
Mountains
- Haiga-mine
- Honjo Suigenchi
- Mount Noro
- Mount Yasumi
- Nikyu-kyo
Beaches
- Kajigahama Beach
- Romantic Beach Karuga
Festivals
- Kure Port Festival
- Kure Fireworks above the Sea (late July or early August)
- Kameyama Shrine Festival (2nd Sunday in October, and the day before)
Notable people from Kure
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Musicians
Authors
Sports
Politicians
See also
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ "Location list – Japan." Disco Corporation. Retrieved on September 23, 2017.
- ↑ "Locations Template:Webarchive." Japan Marine United. Retrieved on September 23, 2017.
- ↑ "Domestic Network Base list – Manufacturing." Mitutoyo. Retrieved on September 23, 2017.
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External links
- Script error: No such module "Official website".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:In lang
- Kure City Travel and Event Guide Template:Webarchive
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