Kocel
Kocel[a] (fl. 861–876) was a ruler of the Principality of Lower Pannonia. He was an East Frankish vassal titled comes (count), and is believed to have ruled between 861 or 864 and 876 from Mosapurc, also known in Old-Slavonic as Blatnograd (modern Zalavár near Lake Balaton).
Life
Kocel was the second son of Pribina, a Slavic dux installed by the Franks in Lower Pannonia in ca. 838Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". or 840.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Bowlus believes he was born in ca. 820.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In 861, Kocel made a significant donation to the Freising monastery, showing that he had a solid social and political standing.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". According to Bowlus, this document indicates that Pribina had died, and Kocel succeeded him.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Louis the German installed Kocel as a ruler in Lower Pannonia in 864.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kocel held "Lower Pannonia" (Pannonia inferioris) in 865, when Archbishop Adalwin of Salzburg visited his lands twice.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In 869, Kocel had requested for Byzantine missionary Methodius to be sent into Pannonia as a papal legate.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In midsummer, Kocel sent Methodius to Rome with twenty men to petition for his elevation to bishop.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Hadrian II appointed Methodius the archbishop of Sirmium, and sent confirmations to, among others, Kocel, whose land lay within the jurisdiction.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Frankish Pannonia was held by Kocel and Bavarian margraves in 871; Kocel enjoyed independence, as evident from his talks with the pope.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In 874, following the Moravian conflict, Kocel continued to rule the Drava Valley, presumably under Carloman of the March of Pannonia.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kocel disappears from sources after 874,Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and was either dead or removed from his office c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 876,Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". certainly dead by 880.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Identification with other commanders
Some historians consider that Kocel can be identified with Frankish military commander Kotzil/Kotzilis mentioned in De Administrando Imperio regarding the armed revolt by the Croats (presumably in the time of Duke Domagoj) who "managed to prevail and killed all the Franks and their archon, called Kotzil" (also identified with Cadolah of Friuli d. 819), most probably in 874 which coincides with Kocel's disappearance from the sources.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[1] According to Francis Dvornik, the DAI's account is possibly "telescoping" different events related to Ljudevit, Borna, and finally in which Kocel "had perished in 876".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Neven Budak concluded that the DAI's account about Croatian revolt against the Franks cannot be connected to Kocel.[2]
Titles
- "Count of Slavs" (comes de Sclavis nomine Chezul), 861 Latin gift deedScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- "Duke" (Chezil dux), posthumously between 876 and 880Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Annotations
- ^ He is known from Bavarian and Papal documents mostly as Chozil, Chezil, Chezul, and Gozil.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum uses Chozil, Chezil, and Chezilo.[3] The most used rendering is Kocel. His name is also spelt Koceľ in Slovak,[4] and Kocelj (Коцељ) in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian.[5]
References
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Sources
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Template:Dukes of Lower Pannonia
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