List of British monarchs
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There have been 13 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707. England and Scotland had been in personal union since 24 March 1603; while the style, "King of Great Britain" first arose at that time, legislatively the title came into force in 1707.
On 1 January 1801, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merged, creating first the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland upon the secession of southern Ireland in the 1920s.
Union and succession
Queen Anne became monarch of the Kingdom of Great Britain after the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707. She had ruled England, Scotland, and the Kingdom of Ireland since 8 March 1702. Anne then reigned as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death on 1 August 1714. Her reign lasted 12 years and 147 days. Although Anne's great-grandfather, James VI and I (Template:Reign), the monarch of the Union of the Crowns, proclaimed himself "King of Great Britain", and used it on coinage, stamps and elsewhere, the Parliament of England had refused to use that style in statutory law or address.[1][2]
All of Anne's children died young, so during her reign, Parliament settled the rules of succession in the Act of Settlement 1701, by defining Sophia of Hanover (granddaughter of James VI and I) and her non-Catholic descendants as the future royal heirs. The Crown passed from Queen Anne to Sophia's son, King George I, as Sophia had already died. Queen Anne and King George I were second cousins, as both were great-grandchildren of James VI and I. For a family tree that shows George I's relationship to Anne, see Template:Slink.
List
Template:Sticky header Template:Nobility table header |- ! colspan=8 style="background-color:#ccf" | House of Stuart |-
| Anne[3]
1 May 1707Template:EfnTemplate:Efn
–
1 August 1714Template:Efn
(Template:Age in years and days)
(Queen of England and Scotland from 8 March 1702)Template:Efn
(Template:Age in years and days)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
| File:Godfrey Kneller (1646-1723) (after) - Queen Anne (1665–1714) - 1129216 - National Trust.jpg | File:Royal Arms of Great Britain (1707-1714).svg
_(after)_-_Queen_Anne_(1665%E2%80%931714)_-_1129216_-_National_Trust.jpg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
| 6 February 1665Template:Efn
St James's Palace
Daughter of James VII and II
and Anne Hyde
| George of Denmark
St James's Palace
28 July 1683Template:Efn
5 children
until 28 October 1708
| 1 August 1714Template:Efn
Kensington Palace
Aged 49
| Daughter of James VII and II
|-
! colspan=8 style="background-color:#ccf" | House of Hanover
|-
| George I[4]
George Louis
1 August 1714Template:EfnTemplate:Efn
–
11 June 1727Template:Efn
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:George I, 1660 - 1727. Reigned 1714 - 1727.jpg
| rowspan=2 | File:Royal Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
.svg){kind=link}
| 28 May 1660Template:Efn
Leineschloss
Son of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover,
and Sophia of the Palatinate
| Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle
Celle Castle
21 November 1682Template:Efn
2 children
div. 28 December 1694
| 11 June 1727Template:Efn
Osnabrück Castle
Aged 67
| Great-grandson of James VI and I
|-
| George II[5]
George Augustus
11 June 1727Template:EfnTemplate:Efn
–
25 October 1760
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:King George II by Charles Jervas.jpg
| 30 October 1683Template:Efn
Herrenhausen Palace
Son of George I
and Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle
| Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Herrenhausen Gardens
22 August 1705Template:Efn
8 children
until 20 November 1737
| 25 October 1760
Kensington Palace
Aged 76
| Son of George I
|-
| George III[6]
George William Frederick
25 October 1760Template:Efn
–
29 January 1820
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:Studio of Allan Ramsay (1713-84) - George III (1738-1820) - RCIN 404837 - Royal Collection.jpg
| Until 1801:Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Royal Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
1801–1816:Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Royal Arms of United Kingdom (1801-1816).svg
From 1816:Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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| 24 May 1738Template:Efn
Norfolk House
Son of Frederick, Prince of Wales,
and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
| Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
St James's Palace
8 September 1761
15 children
until 17 November 1818
| 29 January 1820
Windsor Castle
Aged 81
| Grandson of George II
|-
| George IV[7]
George Augustus Frederick
29 January 1820Template:Efn
—
26 June 1830
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:Thomas Lawrence (1769-1830) - George IV (1762-1830) - RCIN 405918 - Royal Collection.jpg
| rowspan=2 | File:Royal Arms of United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
_-_George_IV_(1762-1830)_-_RCIN_405918_-_Royal_Collection.jpg){kind=link}
| 12 August 1762
St James's Palace
Son of George III
and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
| Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
St James's Palace
8 April 1795
1 daughter
until 7 August 1821
| 26 June 1830
Windsor Castle
Aged 67
| Son of George III
|-
| William IV[8]
William Henry
26 June 1830Template:Efn
—
20 June 1837
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:WilliamIVbyBeechey 2.jpg
| 21 August 1765
Buckingham Palace
Son of George III
and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
| Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
Kew Palace
13 July 1818
2 daughters
| 20 June 1837
Windsor Castle
Aged 71
| Son of George III
|-
| Victoria[9]
Alexandrina Victoria
20 June 1837Template:Efn
—
22 January 1901
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:Coronation portrait of Queen Victoria 1838.jpg
| File:Arms of the United Kingdom (Variant 1).svg
.svg){kind=link}
| 24 May 1819
Kensington Palace
Daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn,
and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
| Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
St James's Palace
10 February 1840
9 children
until 14 December 1861
| 22 January 1901
Osborne House
Aged 81
| Granddaughter of George III
|-
! colspan=8 style="background-color:#ccf" | House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
|-
| Edward VII[10]
Albert Edward
22 January 1901Template:Efn
—
6 May 1910
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:Sir Samuel Luke Fildes (1843-1927) - King Edward VII (1841-1910) - RCIN 404553 - Royal Collection.jpg
| File:Arms of the United Kingdom (Variant 1).svg
_-_King_Edward_VII_(1841-1910)_-_RCIN_404553_-_Royal_Collection.jpg){kind=link}
| 9 November 1841
Buckingham Palace
Son of Victoria
and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
| Alexandra of Denmark
St George's Chapel
10 March 1863
6 children
| 6 May 1910
Buckingham Palace
Aged 68
| Son of Victoria
|-
! colspan=8 style="background-color:#ccf" | House of WindsorTemplate:Efn
|-
| George V[11]
George Frederick Ernest Albert
6 May 1910Template:Efn
—
20 January 1936
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:King George V 1911.jpg
| rowspan=3 | File:Arms of the United Kingdom (Variant 1).svg
| 3 June 1865
Marlborough House
Son of Edward VII
and Alexandra of Denmark
| Mary of Teck
St James's Palace
6 July 1893
6 children
|20 January 1936
Sandringham House
Aged 70
| Son of Edward VII
|-
| Edward VIII[12]
Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David
20 January 1936Template:Efn
—
11 December 1936
(abdicated)
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:His Majesty King Edward VIII in Garter Robes (cropped).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
| 23 June 1894
White Lodge
Son of George V
and Mary of Teck
| Wallis Simpson
Château de Candé
3 June 1937
| 28 May 1972
4 route du Champ d'Entraînement
Aged 77
| Son of George V
|-
| George VI[13]
Albert Frederick Arthur George
11 December 1936Template:Efn
—
6 February 1952
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:King George VI.jpg
| 14 December 1895
York Cottage
Son of George V
and Mary of Teck
| Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
Westminster Abbey
26 April 1923
2 daughters
| 6 February 1952
Sandringham House
Aged 56
| Son of George V
His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936
|-
| Elizabeth II[14]
Elizabeth Alexandra Mary
6 February 1952Template:Efn
—
8 September 2022[15]
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:Queen Elizabeth II in Coronation Robes.jpg
| rowspan=2 | File:Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
| 21 April 1926
17 Bruton Street, Mayfair
Daughter of George VI
and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
| Philip of Greece and Denmark
Westminster Abbey
20 November 1947
4 children
until 9 April 2021
| 8 September 2022
Balmoral Castle
Aged 96
| Daughter of George VI
|-
| Charles III[16]
Charles Philip Arthur George
8 September 2022[15]Template:Efn
—
present
(Template:Age in years and days)
| File:Charles III parliamentary procession 2024 (cropped).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
| 14 November 1948
Buckingham Palace
Son of Elizabeth II
and Philip of Greece and Denmark
| (1) Diana Spencer
St Paul's Cathedral
29 July 1981
2 sons
div. 28 August 1996
(2) Camilla Parker Bowles
Windsor Guildhall
9 April 2005
| Living
Age Script error: No such module "age".
| Son of Elizabeth II
|}
Timeline
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DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1707 till:2025 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1710 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:1710
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from: 1707 till: 1714 color:s text:"Anne" from: 1714 till: 1727 color:h text:"George I" from: 1727 till: 1760 color:h text:"George II" from: 1760 till: 1820 color:h text:"George III" from: 1820 till: 1830 color:h text:"George IV" from: 1830 till: 1837 color:h text:"William IV" from: 1837 till: 1901 color:h text:"Victoria" from: 1901 till: 1910 color:sx text:"Edward VII" from: 1910 till: 1936 color:w text:"George V" from: 1936 till: 1936 color:w text:"Edward VIII" from: 1936 till: 1952 color:w text:"George VI" from: 1952 till: 2022 color:w text:"Elizabeth II" from: 2022 till: end color:w text:"Charles III" barset:skip
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See also
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- Family tree of the British royal family
- List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign
- Lists of monarchs in the British Isles
- List of British royal consorts
- List of current British princes and princesses
Notes
References
Template:Use dmy dates Template:British monarchs Template:British royal titles
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